297. The constituents of an objective sentence are sometimes separated by the interposition of the main proposition; as, In the beginning, God, says Moses, created the Heaven and the Earth.

298. Sentences used as substantive elements with words of saying, knowing, thinking, &c., constitute what many grammarians term Direct Quotation, in distinction from clauses thus used, which they term Indirect Qutation or Oblique narration; as, “He said, 'I will go." (Dir. Quotation)-Obj. sentence. "He said that he would go." (Indir. Quotation,)-Obj. clause.

EXERCISE 31.-Analyze according to illustrations. ILLUSTRATIONS. "Blessed are the meek,' was spoken by Christ." A declarative sentence. "Blessed are the meek" is the Subj. and the remainder is the Pred. The Subj. is of the Dec. Sen.-form; of which "the meek" is the Subj. of the Cx. W-f. of which "meek is the B. and modified by "the" an Adj. El. of the S. W-f. "Are blessed" is the Pred. of the Subjective sentence of the Comp. V-f. of which "are" is the Predv. of the S. W-f. and "blessed" is the Comp. of the S. W-f. The Pred. of the proposition is of the Cx. W-f. of which "was spoken" is the B. of the S. V-f. and modified by "by Christ" an Adv. El. of the S. P-f.

"The command is, 'Thou shalt not kill.'"

A declarative sentence. "The command" is the Subj. and the remainder is the Pred. The Subj. is of the Cx. W-f.; of which "command" is the B. and modified by "the" an Adj. El. of the S. W-f. The Pred. is of the Comp. V-f. of which "is" is the predicative, and the remainder is the Comp. of the Imp. Sen.-form. "Thou" is the Subj. of the S. W-f. and "shalt not kill" is the Pred. of the Cx. W-f. of which "shall kill" is the B. of the S. V-f. and modified by "not" an Adv. El. of the S. W-f. "Socrates was accustomed to say Know thyself.'

6

A declarative sentence. "Socrates" is the Subj. and the remainder is the Pred. The Subj. is of the S. W-f. The Pred. is of the Cx. W-f.; of which "accustomed to say" is the B. of the Comp. V-f. ("Accustomed" is the predicative of the S. W-f. and "to say" is the Comp. of the S. W-f.) and modified by "know thyself" an Obj. El. of the Imp. Sen.-form. "Thou or gou understood is the Subj. and "know thyself" is the Pred. of the Cx. W-f.; of which "know" is the B. of the S. W-f. and modified by "thyself" an Obj. El. of the S. W-f.

1. He said "Go in peace." 2. The remark," Physician, heal thyself," is found in the Bible. 3. "You are now convinced," said Zanthus, "it was not my fault that the present miscarried." 4. Esop replied that he had exactly fulfilled his commands; for, "What," said he, "is worse than the tongue?" 5. Pilate said,

"I find no fault in this man." 6. The expression, "All that glitters is not gold," is found in Shakspeare's Merchant of Venice. 7. The beautiful thought, "God tempers the wind to the shorn lamb," is attributed to Laurence Sterne. 8. It was finely and significantly said by Bishop Berkely, "Westward the star of Empire takes its way." 9. "He said, 'I have been a stranger in a strange land."-Bible.

SEC. XIII.-LOGICAL DIVISION OF CLAUSES.

299. When a Declarative sentence takes the clause-form it becomes a Declarative clause; as, "Cæsar conquered" (Dec. sen.) "Said that Caesar conquered" (Dec. clause.)

300. Declarative clauses may take any one of the five clausal constructions, (83) as, "He is wise," (Dec. sen.) "Believes that he is wise ="Believe him to be wise." Believe in his being wise." (Dec. cls.) Again, "It moves." (Dec. sen.) "Sees it (to) move," (Inf. Dec._cl.) "Sees it moving." (Part. Dec. cl.) "The ball which moves." (Rel. Dec. cl.) "Spoke because it moved." (Conj. cl.)

301. From the above it is evident that the same declarative sentence may take three different clausal constructions. Indeed the Infinitive aud Participial clauses are sometimes abridgments of the Demonstrative clause.

302. Relative clauses, when not interrogative or indefinite, (306, 312) are always considered as declarative. All Conjunctive clauses are declarative in force.

303. When Imperative sentences take the clause-form they become Imperative clauses; as, "Honor thy father." (Imp. sen.) "Commanded that we should honor our father." (Imp. clause). "Be ye patient." (Imp. sen.) "I beg that ye be patient," or "I beg you to be patient." (Imp. clause).

304. Imperative clauses are always found with predicative words of Compelling, Commanding, Exhorting, Entreating, and Wishing. (223) In point of construction, they may be, like the declarative clause, either demonstrative, infinitive, or rarely participial. Thus, "Ordered that the message should be sent." (Dem. Inp. cl.) "Ordered the message to be sent." (Inf. Imp. el.) "Advised his joining the army." (Part. Imp. cl.) "Forbid his going." (Part. Imp. cl.) "The command for their taking up the march was given." (Adjunc. Part. Imp. cl.)

305. When the command, exhortation or entreaty is addressed directly to the person, or persons, who are to perform the service, an infinitive phrase-form is used instead of a clause, as, “Bid him to depart.” Here "him" is the object of "bid" and not the subject of " to depart." Hence an Inf. Imp. clause rarely occurs, save in the passive voice.