669. The phrase-form commonly has the relation-word of; as, "A ship of one hundred tons burthen.” "A circle of one mile in circumference." The relation-word is often omitted; as, A mountain (of) one thousand feet in height." "A ball (of) three feet in diameter."

670. The clause-form is the Indef. Rel. clause (adjunc.); as, "Rivers of whatever depth you please."

671. Measure of Magnitude must not be confounded with Space How Far (553). The former expresses dimension, the latter mere distance.

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672. Adjective Elements may express Measure of Magnitude; as, A foot's length." "A breadth of forty yards." "A depth of a thousand fathoms." "An age of three score years."

MODELS FOR ANALYSIS.-" Mountains four miles high."

An element of the Cx. W-f; of which "mountains" is the B. and modified by the remainder, an Adj. El. of the Cx. W-f. denoting PHYSICAL QUALITY, viz: MAGNITUDE.

"High" is the B. and modified by "four miles," an Adv. El. of the Cx. W-f. denoting MEAS. OF MAG.; of which "miles" is the B. and modified by "four," an Adj. El. of the S. W-f. denoting NUMBER.

"Circles four feet in diameter."

An element of the Cx. W-f.; of which "circles" is the B. and modified by "four feet in diameter," (=of four feet, &c.) an Adj. El. of the Cx. P-f. denoting PHYSICAL QUALITY, Viz: Magnitude; of which "(of) feet" is the B. and modified by "four," an Adj. El. of the S. W-f. denoting NUMBER.

"(Of) four feet" is a second B. and modified by "in diameter," an Adv. El. of the S. P-f. (undefined).

EXERCISE 83.-Analyze, defining the Elements.

1. A log fifty feet long. 2. Wells a thousand feet in depth (669). 3. An arch of one hundred feet (76) span. 4. Ships of many thousand tons (76) burthen. 5. Cubes ten feet square. 6. Contains many square feet of surface. 7. A man fifty years of age. 8. Exceedingly high mountains. 9. A log ten feet through (253, 23, 3). 10. An area of one thousand square miles. 11. Spheres many feet in circumference. 12. Rode ten miles. 13. A railway one hundred miles long. 14. Ascended one hundred feet. 15. A tower one hundred feet in height. 16. Am sorrowful unto death. 17. A voyage to Europe. 18. Goes twice (561, 4) a week (566, 4).

19. The Atlantic Ocean is said to be three thousand miles broad. 20. Ninety-four inches of rain falls yearly in the tropics. 21. The great tunnel under the river Thames in England is thirteen hundred feet long. 22. Westminster

Hall is two hundred and seventy feet in length, and seventyfour feet in breadth.

23. Far eastward cast thine eye, from whence the sun
And Orient science their bright course begun."-Pope.

SEC. V. THE QUALITATIVE ELEMENT, (Con.) MEASURE OF DIFFERENCE.

673. This element expresses the amount of difference, whereby one quantitative element exceeds another; as, “He is much wiser than you." Here "much" expresses the amount of difference in the quantity of wisdom possessed by the two.

674. Measure of Difference may be used to limit either one of the three degrees of comparison; as,

1. POSITIVE;"Twice as much." "Five times the original price."

2. COMPARATIVE; Much more." much."

3. SUPERLATIVE; "Much the most."

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Half as much." As much again."

'Somewhat less."

"Far the best."

"A great deal too

675. This element is sometimes used with verbs involving an idea of comparison; as, Much excels." Surprised a little."

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676. It often refers to time and space; as, "Ten years earlier." "Many ages ago." Long since." "A mile from the town." "A little in advance."

"Close behind me."

Considerable in the rear."

677. The word-form may be either an adverb, or a noun; as, "Much bet"A head taller." "A shade darker." Nearly a thousand." "Lives

ter."

hard by the stream.' Came close to me."

678. The word-form is sometimes a relative; as, "What the better is this?" Sometimes a preposition, "The number was about five thousand.” Here "about" expresses the Measure of Difference between the actual number and five thousand,

679. The phrase-form commonly has the preposition by; as, “Farther by ten miles." But not always. "Came within ten miles of (=from) the town.' "Was within a little of (=from) being killed."

680. Adjective Elements are found here; as, "A little superiority." "A small majority."

EXERCISE 84.-Analyze and define.

1. Much greater. 2. Very great. 3. Somewhat older. 4. Five years old. 5. Children (669) under five years of age. 6. Considerable better. 7. Exceedingly good. 8. Glorious beyond expression. 9. Infinitely more glorious. 10. Many miles long. 11. Several feet (the) longest. 12. A body ten times