49. NOTE 2. In sacred and poetic style indefinites sometimes have antecedents. In this case the relative usually precedes, and the antecedent is always a pronoun, and quite unnecessary to the sense, as, "Whatsoccer ye shall ask in my name, that will I do." EXERCISE 5.-Distinguish the relatives in the following. Note the interrogatives and indefinites. Give the proper relative

phrase for relative adverbs, and point out the antecedents when they occur.

(ILLUSTRATION. "The place where we live." "Where" is a relative adverb, equivalent to the phrase in which, and place is its antecedent.) He whom we saw. Who comes? Goes wherever he pleases. When does he go? I know the place where he goes. The reason why he came. Why did he come? Those books whence we derive information. We read what we please. The city whither he came. Where is he whose money this is? What is that which you were saying? Inquired whence he came, of whom you spoke. "Let no man know the business whereabout I send thee." "Their iniquity whereby they have sinned." "Wherefore didst thou doubt?" "All flesh wherein is the breath of life." "It shall accomplish that which I please and shall prosper in the thing whereto I sent it." wherewith to answer him that reproveth me." David whithersoever he went."

"Shall have "Prospered

SEC. VI.-DEMONSTRATIVE-WORDS.

50. We have, in the preceding sections, considered the relatives in our language. There are other words, correspondents of these, equally relative in their use; that is, they equally relate to an antecedent, but have no connecting power. These are termed demonstratives.

51. Demonstratives like relatives are divided into,

1. Demonstrative pronouns.
2. Demonstrative adverbs.
3. Demonstrative adjectives.

4. Demonstrative conjunctions.

The Demonstrative Pronouns are: this, that, these, those. The Demonstrative Adverbs are: there, thence, thither, then, thus. The Demonstrative Adjectives are: the, this, that, these, those, and sometimes, then and there: as, "The then ministry."

"The

people there." (20) The Demonstrative Conjunctions are: that, and lest when used in the sense of that: as, "Said that he would go." "Feared lest (that) he should die."

52. As the expression wh, is the peculiar characteristic of a relative, so th is the distinguishing feature of a demonstrative. Thus,

Relative Pronouns, who, which, what, whose, whom. Demonstrative Pronouns, they this, that, their, them, these, those, theirs, Relative Adverbs, where, whence, whither, when, while, why, how.

Demonstrative Adverbs, there, thence, thither, then,

thus.

53. Of these, it will be noticed, that, they, their, and them, are used as personal pronouns. That is often used as a relative, (38), and very frequently as a connective. The relatives why and while, have no corresponding demonstrative forms.

54. The demonstrative there may be compounded with the same prepositions as the corresponding relative where. Thus, thereat, thereunto, therefore, thereby, &c.

55. NOTE. Demonstrative adverbs, like relative adverbs are always equivalent to demonstrative phrases. Thus, “Thence=from that place.” "Thither to that place." "Hence from this place."

56. REMARK. That the demonstratives have a relative force equally with the relatives proper, will be evident from the following: "He went to Boston, where he built a house "= "He went to Boston, and there he built a house." In each example, "Boston" is an antecedent to the following adverb. Notice, also, that the demonstrative adverb has no connecting power, a connective-word being necessary to join the propositions.

EXERCISE 6.-Distinguish the relatives and demonstratives. Substitute the proper phrases for relative and demonstrative adverbs, also point out antecedents.

The plan, whereby he succeeded. The people there. Vices which we hate. We know what we wish. Journeyed to London; thence to Liverpool. Remained a week, then departed. Understand what you read. What is this that (41) I see? Who ever saw a man that was free from crime? I tell what I know. He opens to whoever knocks. Whoever repents will receive favor. The dog loves whoever feeds him. "No man was able to open the book, neither to look therein." "He thereby offended." "This is the ordinance of the passover." "There shall no stranger eat thereof." "Whoso removeth stones shall be hurt there