with, and he that cleaveth wood shall be endangered thereby." "Strong drink is raging and whosoever is deceived thereby is not wise."

SEC. VII-RECAPITULATION.

57. 1. All grammatical elements are,

(1.) Significant terms.
(2.) Connective-words.
(3.) Relation-words.

2. Significant terms are,

(1.) Substantive; i. e., nouns and pronouns.
(2.) Predicative; i. e., verbs and participles.
(3.) Attributive; i. e., adjectives and adverbs.

3. Connective-words are mostly conjunctions, and are,
(1.) Coördinate; i. e., introduce coördinate elements.
(2.) Subordinate; i. e., introduce subordinate elements.
4. Relation-words are chiefly prepositions.

5. Relative words partake of the nature of significant and connective-words, and are,

(1.) Relative pronouns.
(2.) Relative adverbs.
(3.) Relative adjectives.

(4.) Relative conjunctions.

6. Relative-words are, in point of use,

(1.) Simple,-which have antecedents.

(2.) Interrogatives,-which have no antecedents.
(3.) Indefinites,—which usually have no antecedents.
7. Demonstratives are correspondents of relatives, and are,
(1.) Demonstrative pronouns.

(2.) Demonstrative adverbs.
(3.) Demonstrative adjectives.

(4.) Demonstrative conjunctions.

8. Demonstratives have antecedents, but have no connecting power.

9. The distinguishing characteristic of a relative, is wh; of a demonstrative, th.

CHAPTER II.

FORMS OF LOGICAL ELEMENTS.

SEC. I.--DIVISION INTO CLASSES.

58. As in Grammar, all the words which can enter into discourse, are classified under certain divisions, termed "Parts of Speech," so in Logical Analysis, all the forms of thought which characterize human speech, are classified under certain divisions, called Logical Elements.

59. Now Parts of Speech, as we have seen, (16,) are either significant words, connective-words, or relation-words. Logical Elements, however, are all significant terms, and, consequently, are all embraced under those three divisions of the same, already mentioned, viz: Substantive, Predicative, and Attributive Terms.

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60. Again, Parts of Speech are, in point of form, always single words. Logical Elements, on the contrary, may be in form, not only single words, but phrases or clauses. Thus, Sight is pleasant; "To see is pleasant;' ""That one should see is pleasant." Here the same Logical Element, viz: the subject of the proposition, takes three different forms of outward expression.

61. Hence, Logical Elements are divided, according to the different forms of expression which they may assume, into,

1. The Word-form.
2. The Phrase-form.
3. The Clause-form.

62. A WORD-FORM, consists of a single significant word, as, "Wisdom," " ""studies," "good.”

63. A PHRASE-FORM, consists of a substantive term* and a relation-word logically connected; as, "With wisdom." "To study," "Of goodness."

*We use the expression term in distinction from word. "Word" means any single