regularly take the REL.-JNDIC. regimen. When however the principal verb is in the Inf. or Subj. the mood is changed to the Subj.

Quem sors dierum cunque dabit lucro appone, whatever day fortune shall give you, account for gain.-Hor.

SUMMARY.

901-1. DECLARATIVE Clauses take the INF. or PART. clausal construction.

2. With impersonal forms signifying "it remains," "happens," &c., they take the UT-SUBJ. regimen.

3. When used to express an historical fact, or the Causal Object the QUOD-INDIC. form is often used.

4. IMPERATIVE Clauses take the UT-SUBJ. regimen.

5. SUBSTANTIVE Clauses with words of Fearing and Caution have an imperative force and take the UT-SUBJ. form.

6. With veto and jubeo, regularly; with words of wishing and permitting, frequently; and occasionally with others, the INF. C-F. is used.

7. INTERROGATIVE and EXCLAMATORY Clauses take the REL.-SUBJ. regimen.

8. These clauses are termed Indirect Questions in the text books.

9. INDEFINITE Clauses take the REL.-INDIC. regimen.

10. When they depend upon an Inf. or Subj. they are put in the Subj. mood.

11. Indefinite Clauses take the REL.-INDIC. regimen, except when used as modifiers of other clauses in the Inf. or Subj.

20*

LOGICAL ELEMENTS.

CHAPTER I.

THE PRIMARY ELEMENTS, (439-451). THE SUBJECT AND THE COMPLEMENT.

902-1. The W-F. of the Subj. may be any part of speech that can be used substantively (206). The Subj. when a declinable word takes the Nom. case-form (365).

Rex vicit, the king conquered.

2. Infinitive and Participial clauses have no control over the case-forms of their subject (366). This depends on their prior grammatical construction with other words in the proposition, or upon the specific logical force of the entire clause as a modifier (870).

3. The C-f. of the Subj. may be any one of the five C-fs (83), except the Conj. Thus when the Subj. is a Dec. Cl. it takes regularly the INF. or PART. form (896); when an Imp. Cl. it takes regularly the UT-SUBJ. (Dem.) form (897); when an Int. or an Excl. Cl. the REL.-SUBJ. form (898, 899); and when an Indef. Cl. the REL.-INDIC. form (900).

903. THE COMPLEMENT. Any word or expression that can be used as the Subj. of a proposition, can likewise be used as the Comp. (206, 281). When a declinable word it takes the Nom. case-form the same as the Subj.

Cicero Consul fuit, Cicero was consul.

When a C-f., the particular kind of clause which is used depends upon the same principles precisely as those which control the clause-form of the Subj. (918).

THE SUBJECT WITH PASSIVE VERBS.

904-1. The Dir. Obj. of a verb in the Active Voice, becomes the Subj. of the same in the Pass. Voice.

W-f. vidit Cæsarem, saw Cæsar. (Act. Voice). Cæsar visus est, Cæsar was seen. (Pass. Voice). C-F. Vidit Cæsarem pugnare, saw Cæsar fight. (Act. Vc.) Cæsar pugnare visus est, Cæsar was seen to fight. (Pass. Vc.)