CHAPTER 111.

THE ADJECTIVE ELEMENT, (522-551).

The leading facts are the same as in English. Note also 253. 254, 255, 256, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 264, which apply equally to the Latin.

919. The W-f. is commonly an adjective proper, an adjective pronoun, or a substantive used as an APP.

Magister optimus, the best teacher.-Cic. Istam mentem, that purpose.Cic. Urbs Roma, the city Rome.

For the grammatical regimen of Adjectives, Pronouns and Appositives, see Hark. 438, 439; 445-459; and 363.

920-1. The P-f. is generally a GEN. case-form.

Pater consulis. (Relationship 547). Domus Cæsaris, the house of Cæsar. (Possession 543). Pars hominum, part of the men. (Inclusion 548). Adolescens summæ audaciæ, a youth of the greate t boldness. (Mental quality 530). 2. The P-f. of a complex adjective modifier may be expressed by the ABL.

Pulchritudine eximia foemina, a woman of exquisite beauty.-Cic. 3. The DAT. case-form occasionally occurs.

Cæsari ad pedes, at Caesar's feet.-Cas. Cui corpus, whose body.- Virg. (254, 4). Exitium pecori, the destruction of the flock.-Virg.

4. The Acc. or the ABL., with a preposition, may be used. Nemo de iis, no one of them of and from them. (Incl. 548 and Sep.) Primus inter omnes, the first of all of and among. (Incl. 548 and Ass. 911).

5. The P-f. of the App. adjective element (258) is commonly a GEN. case-form.

Nomen sapientiæ, the name of wisdom.-Cic. Virtus continentiae, the virtue of moderation.

921. The C-f. is generally a Rel.-Indic. cl. (888).

Ninus et Semiramis, qui Babylona condiderant, Ninus and Semiramis, who had founded Babylon.-Vell. (Description 533). Animal quem vocamus hominem, the animal which we call man.-Cic. (Designation 535).

The C-f. of the App. adjective element may be either of the four Substantive clause-forms (906, 3).

Oraculum datum erat victrices Athenas fore, the oracle that Athens would be victorious had been given. (Decl. cl. 896).-Cic. Haec lex in amicitia sanciatur, ut neque rogemus res turpe, nec faciamus rogati. let this law be held sacred in friendship, (viz.) that we neither ask base things, nor, if asked, do them. (Imp. cl. 225, 897,1). Hinc (226) intelligatis quod moleste fero, &c., you may know from this circumstance (viz.), that I exceedingly regret, &c. (Dec. il. 896, 3).-Cic.

922. Adjective Elements in Latin, as in English (528), are used to express Objective, Local, Temporal, Modal and Causal relations as well as their own proper adjective modifications (460, 468, 474, 479, 484, 488, 492, 503, 511, 559, 567, 579, &c., &c.).

W-f. Nostra caedes, our slaughter.-Cic. (Suf'g Obj.) Metus hostilis fear of the enemy. Suf'g Obj.) Fiducia tua, confidence in you.-Plaut. (Causal Obj.) Cura mea, my care.-Cic. (Agent and Author.) Meus labor, my labor. (Agent and Author.)

P-f. Odium vitii, hatred of vice. (Suf'g Obj) Artifex mundi, the creator of the world. (Fact. Obj.) Iter Capuam, a journey to Capua.-Cic. (Place whither.) Frumentum dierum decem, corn for ten days,-Sall. (Time H. L.) Radii Solis, rays of the Sun. (Source.) Dolar podagrae, pain of the gout. Cause.) Apparatus triumphi, preparation for a triumph. (Purpose.)

C.f. Eo consilio ut praesto esset ille, with this plan that he should be present.-Cic. (App. Adj cl. Purpose.) Non is sum qui his utar, am not he who uses (=such a one as to use) these things. (Consequence.)

923. Adjective elements of the W-f. in Latin are often best rendered by a P-f. in English, and vice versa.

Evandrius ensis, the sword of Evander. (Poss. 543).-Virg, W-f. Civilis furor, the rage of the citizens. (Agent and Author, 581.)-Hor.

SUMMARY.

924-1. The Adj. El. in Latin expresses all the relations indicated by it in English.

2. The W-f. is generally an Adjective proper, or an App. 3. The P-f. is commonly a GEN. case-form.

4. The C-f. is generally a Rel.-Jndic. clause; when an App it may be either of the four Substantive clauses.

5. The Adjective element may express all the Objective and Adverbial relations.

THE LOCAL MODIFIER, (553–559). PLACE WHERE.

925-1. The W-f. is generally (554) an adverb ending in or ic.

Ibi, there; ubi, where; hic, here; illie, there; &c.

2. The P-f. is expressed by the ABL. with IN.

In Thracia vixit, lived in Thrace.-Nep.

The relation-word is sometimes omitted. This is the case regularly with the NAMES OF TOWNS; frequently with loco,