195

Ne

789. Partial Negation is indicated by the adverbs almost, virtually, substantially, essentially, &c.; as. "The statement is substantially correct.' gation is sometimes strengthened by the expression at all well " "at all;" as, "I am not

789. Adjective Elements may express Negation; as. story." "A most doubtful report." "An untrue statement."

790.

"An improbable

We may, by means of the foregoing expressions, vary the certainty or uncertainty of a proposition from Absolute Affirmation to Absolute Negation. Thus, He will certainly arrive in season." season. "May possibly arrive in season.” "Will probably arrive in season. Will probably not arrive in season." May possibly not arrive in Will certainly not arrive in season." Will hardly arrive in sea

son."

46

64

EXERCISE 96.-Analyze and define the Elements.

1. Shall go by all means. 2. Statements concerning his being in the conspiracy substantially correct. 3. The planets are probably inhabited, perhaps the Moon is. 4. Highly improbable reports respecting your leaving your present business. 5. A man who is a host in himself. stantially true respecting the defeat of the enemy. 7. Will 6. Reports subperhaps give you money to purchase yourself some books. 8. Will assuredly do as he commanded. 9. Will not do this for the present. 10. Lends us his books on philosophy. 11. The whole army was reduced to a few hundred men. Some of us were talked about.

Analyze, define the Elements, and parse.

12.

13. "Where the heart joins not, outward acts defile not.". Milton. 14. The crime and not the scaffold constitute the shame. 15. Virtue, not lineage, is the mark of nobility. 16. Levity in manners is succeeded by laxity in principles. 17. By entertaining good thoughts you will keep out evil cnes. 18. Friends tie their purses with a spider's thread.

19. "O suns of Earth! attempt ye still to rise

20.

By mountains piled on mountains to the skies.
Heaven still with laughter the vain toil surveys,
And buries madmen in the heaps they raise."-Fope.
-"See sons, what things you are,

How quickly nature falls into revolt

When gold becomes her object.

For this the foolish, overcareful fathers

Have broke their sleeps with thoughts,

Their brains with care, their bones with industry;

For this they have engrossed and piled up

The cankered heaps of strange achieved gold."-Shak, Henry VIII.

SEC. XXI.-MODE OF STATEMENT, (Con.)

EXCLUSION AND ASSEVERATION.

791. EXCLUSION limits the meaning of a given term or statement by formally excluding from the same all facts and objects which it might otherwise be thought to embrace; as, All except you were present." "Nothing was done except to

choose officers."

792. The word-for.n is an adverb, as only, barely, lardly, simply, merely, scarcely, but, &c.; as, "He barely escaped," (and nothing more). "I did but speak," (and no hing more).

793. The phrase-form takes the prepositions except, excepting, save, but. "All the passengers perished save one."

794. The clause-form is a demonstrative participial or relative (adjunctive) clause; as, "Nothing happened unfavorably except that he lost his money.' (Dem. cl.) (="except his having lost his money." Part. cl.)

795. Adjective Elements are found here; as, "Only these." Here in the word-form the words only, alone, and the reflexive pronoun are used; as, "Thou alone." "I myself will do it." (=without any one else to help).

796. So the phrase-forms. "He is a host in himself." "I can effect it by myself."

797. Asseveration and Oath are to be regarded as adding emphasis rather than positiveness to an assertion; as, "No, as I am a man."-Shak.

798. The phrase-form takes the preposition by; as," By the gods 1 will not pursue them."-Xenophon.

799. The clause-form is a conjunctive clause introduced by as. A word of affirmation is really understood in this case, but need not be supplied in the analysis; as, "As I live, saith the Lord, I have no pleasure in the death of the wicked." (=as truly as I live).

EXERCISE 97.-Analyze and define the Elements.

6. Declares

1. Sent you only three books. 2. Said that scarcely ten were saved. 3. Think the statement to be substantially correct. 4. Believe him to be hardly honest. 5. Inquired whether you alone were favorable to the cause. that he can accomplish the work himself. 7. We alone can do whatever we wish. 8. Thinks the river to be only ten feet in depth. 9. All the passengers save you and me. 10. Says that nothing happened adversely save their having lost their baggage.