the veins of the people of Central Kentucky. Of course, however, there are a great many Kentuckians who trace back to every shire in England.

"One snag the genealogical searcher will meet at every turn will be the changes that have taken place in the spelling of his name. Mr. Saffarans, for instance, will after a little investigation find that his name was originally spelled Severance and pronounced "Saverance." In like manner, Mr. Blockson will trace back to Bloxham; Mr. Marcum to Markham; Mr. Exum to Exham; Mr. Semple to St. Paul; Mr. Crothers to Caruthers; Mr. Sinkler to Sinclair and St. Clair; Mr. Polk to Paul, through the diminutive of Paul, which is Paulock, or Pollock, which has been euphonized into Polk, and so on, ad infinitum.

"Surnames (that is, 'over' names, or names over and above what you had before) were practically unknown in England before the year 1200, when the noblemen began to assume them; and it was a hundred years later before the citizens generally began to assume them. The people at large assumed surnames according to individual fancy, regardless of the relationship existing between them; thus, of 'three brothers,' one might be called Green, another Dixon (Dick's son), and the third. Timberleg; for a man did not always choose his own surname, but his neighbors frequently gave him his nickname as a surname. The surnames were derived from a variety of general sources; from occupations, as Smith, Taylor, Cook; from colors, as Redd, White, Blue; from places or localities, as London, AtWood, de Quincey; from personal peculiarities, as Timberleg (now Timberlake) for a man with a wooden leg; or Cockeye (now Cockey) for a man with a cock-eye; or either Fairfax or Whitehead for a flaxen-haired man; or from personal feats as Pierce-Eye (Percy) for a man who in battle had pierced his opponent's eye with a spear; or Shakespear, which explains itself, and so on through the whole category.

"A very distinguished name in Kentucky is said to have originated from the fact that several members of the clan McIlvaine settled upon a mountain ridge in the highlands of Scotland. Upon this ridge the furze which the Scotch spell 'breckan' and pronounce 'bracken,' grew very profusely; and the name of that mountain was Breckan Ridge (pronounced "Bracken Ridge"), and the McIlvaines who made their homes there soon assumed, or had bestowed upon them, the patronymic of Breckanridge-and that is the original Scottish spelling of the name. The genealogist who becomes absorbed in his subject is sure to find the study of the origin of surnames the most intensely interesting and fascinating part of his work-if it can properly be called work.

"Genealogical researches in England will, of course, have to be pursued, as a general thing, through the professional genealogists of that country, whose prices are usually higher than the back of an exasperated cat. There is this consolation, however, about the matter-once your record agent gets a clue to your family, he is almost certain to be able to trace it back for several centuries. It is believed that any old family whose genealogy can be traced back two or three generations can almost certainly be traced back to the Reformation. English genealogy, as a rule, may be said to begin with the rise of heraldry and the general adoption of surnames. Only a very few families can trace themselves reliably to that much-sought-for starting point, the Norman Conquest. Indeed, for the great majority of English families the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries are the extreme limit of antiquity to which they can hope to attain.

"Even an undistinguished family of good people when traced back for several centuries will be sure to disclose a very interesting history. The writer of this chapter became interested in the genealogy of his family nearly forty years ago, mainly through an intense curiosity to learn the origin and signification

of his very peculiar name-Quisenberry. It took many years and 'a right smart chance' of money (in homeopathic doses, through the years) to do it. He has traced his ancestry in a straight line, through sixteen preceding generations, to Tielman Questenberg, who was born in Brunswick, Germany, certainly not later than the year 1380. The name Questenberg means a crested mountain.' Tielman Questenberg settled in the city of Cologne in 1418, and soon afterwards went to London as a merchant of the great Hanseatic League, of which he was a prominent and influential member. In 1467 his grandson, Heinrich Questenberg, who was also a Hanse merchant in London, married Catherine Cutts, of Canterbury, County Kent, England; and as the marrying of an English woman was a violation of the Hanse laws, he was expelled from the Hanseatic League, and then settled permanently in England, where his name was Anglicized into Questenbury. The 't' being silent, this name was pronounced as if spelled Quesenbury. Heinrich Questenberg's greatgreat-great-great-grandson, Thomas Questenbury, was born in Bromley, Kent, March 16, 1608; and in 1622, when he was fourteen years old, he ran away from his step-father, John Griffin, of Westminster, Gentleman, and came to Virginia, where he married in 1626, when

only eighteen years old. From him have descended all the people of the name in America, who are numerous, and who now spell the name in many ways. The original spelling of the name in Virginia, about two hundred and ninety years ago, was Quesenbury. It is now spelled in nearly any way you like, by different branches of the family, in different parts of the country. Thomas Questenbury's great-great-great-grandson, Rev. James Quisenberry (my great-grandfather) went from Orange county, Virginia, to Kentucky in 1783-one hundred and twenty-eight years ago. He lived in the fort at Boonesborough for two years, and two of his children were born in the fort. In 1785 he settled in what is now Clark county, Kentucky, where he died in 1830, at the age of 71, leaving 24 children. At the time of his death his eldest child was 53 years old and his youngest was but three months old. Two of his brothersone in Virginia and one in Illinois-were each the father of twenty-two children; so that these 'three brothers' had an aggregate of sixty-eight children. Such of the descendants of those old heroes as have inherited their great abilities are much more to be envied than those people who have descended from mere noblemen and kings."

FIRST DRAGOONS.

Captain Benjamin D. Moore, killed December 6, 1846, in action at San Pasqual, California.

Captain Enoch Steen. (Major, Buena Vista). Wounded at Buena Vista. Union Lieutenant-Colonel. Died January 22, 1880.

1st Lieutenant Abraham Buford. (Captain, Buena Vista), Confederate Brigadier General. Died at Danville, Illinois, June 9, 1884. SECOND DRAGOONS.

2nd Lieutenant Newton C. Givens (1st Lieutenant, Buena Vista). Died March 9, 1859, at San Antonio, Texas.

2nd Lieutenant James M. Hawes, (1st Lieutenant, San Juan de los Llanos, Mexico). Confederate Brigadier General. Died November 22, 1889, at Covington, Ky.

THIRD DRAGOONS.

Lieutenant-Colonel Died July 21, 1851.

Thomas P. Moore.

Captain Corydon S. Abell, Assistant Surgeon.

Captain Edgar B. Gaither. Died September 18, 1855, at Columbia, Ky.

2nd Lieutenant James J. Moore. Died February 19, 1850.

2nd Lieutenant William C. Wagley. MOUNTED RIFLES.

Captain George Bibb Crittenden, (Major, Contreras and Churubusco). Confederate Major General. Died November 27, 1880, at Danville, Ky.

Captain Henry C. Pope. Killed in a duel, May, 1848.

2nd Lieutenant William B. Lane (Union Major).

FIRST ARTILLERY.

2nd Lieutenant Theodore Talbott Union. Captain.

THIRD ARTILLERY.

Capt. Robert Anderson of Fort Sumter fame (Major, Molina del Rey). Severely

wounded at that battle. Union Brigadier General. Died October 26, 1871, Nice, France. Captain John F. Reynolds (Captain and Major, Monterey and Buena Vista) Union Major General. Killed July 1, 1863, at battle of Gettysburg.

FOURTH ARTILLERY.

Died

First Lieutenant Thomas J. Curd. February 12, 1850, at Frederick, Maryland. First Lieutenant Samuel Gill. Died January 18, 1876, at Cincinnati, O. FIRST INFANTRY.

Major John B. Clark. Died August 23, 1847.

Captain John M. Scott (Major, Monterey). Died October 26, 1850, at Frankfort, Ky.

2nd Lieutenant William Logan Crittenden. Shot to death August 16, 1851, in Havana, Cuba, by the Spanish military authorities. Was a member of a force of men under Lopez struggling for Cuban freedom.

SECOND INFANTRY.

2nd Lieutenant J. Russell Butler. Colonel First Kentucky Cavalry, Confederate Army. 2nd Lieutenant James M. L. Henry. Died July 4, 1881, in Washington, D. C. THIRD INFANTRY.

Captain Edmund B. Alexander (Major and Lieutenant Colonel Cerro Gordo, Contreas and Churubusco), Union Colonel. Died January 3, 1888, at Washington, D. C.

Captain Philip N. Barbour (Major, Palo Alta and Resaca de la Palma). Killed at the battle of Monterey.

2nd Lieutenant John J. Crittenden Bibb. Died September 29, 1854, at Washington, D. C.

2nd Lieutenant John C. McFerran, Union Colonel. Died April 25, 1872, at Louisville, Ky.

2nd Lieutenant James N. Ward, (1st Lieutenant, Cerro Gordo). Died December 6, 1858, at St. Anthony, Minnesota.