jects of their said majesties, a perfect and sincere, good understand ing, friendship and defensive alliance. The high contracting parties shall use all their endeavours for the maintenance of their common interests, and shall employ all the means in their power to defend and guarantee each other mutually against every hostile aggression.

2. The high contracting parties shall act in perfect concert in every thing which relates to the re-esta. blishment and to the maintenance of general peace; and they shall employ all their efforts to prevent, by the means of friendly negotia tion, the attacks with which they may be threatened, either separately or conjointly.

3. In case either of the high contracting parties should be at tacked, molested, or disturbed in the possession of its dominions, territories, or cities whatsoever, or in the exercise of its rights, liberties, or franchises wheresoever, and without any exception, the other will exert all its endeavours to succour its ally without delay, and in the manner hereinafter mentioned.

4. Their Imperial and Britannic majesties reciprocally guarantee to each other, and in the most express manner, all their dominions, territories, cities, rights, liberties, and franchises whatsoever, such as they at present possess, and such as they shall possess, at the conclusion of a general peace, made by their common agreement and consent, in conformity to their mutual engagements in that res spect, in the convention of the 30th of August, 1793.-And the case of this defensive alliance shall exist from the moment whenever either of the high contracting parties shall

be disturbed, molested, or disquieted in the peaceable enjoyment of its dominions, territories, cities, rights, liberties, or franchises whatsoever, according to the state of actual pos. session, and according to the state of possession which shall exist at the above-mentioned epoch.

5. The succours to be mutually furnished, in virtue of this treaty, shall consist in 20,000 infantry, and 6000 cavalry, which shall be furnished in the space of two months after requisition made by the party attacked, and shall continue to be at its disposition during the whole course of the war in which it shall be engaged. The succours shall be paid and maintained by the power required, wherever its ally shall employ them; but the power requiring shall provide them with the necessary bread and forage, upon the same footing with its own troops.

If the party requiring prefers, it may demand the succours to be furnished in money; and in that case the succours shall be computed at the following rate, that is to say, 10,000 Dutch florins per month for every thousand infantry, and 30,000 Dutch florins per month for every thousand cavalry. And this money shall be paid monthly, in equal portions, throughout the whole year.

If these succours should not suffice for the defence of the power requiring, the other party shall augment them according as the occasion shall require, and shall even succour its ally with its whole forces, if the circumstances should render it necessary.

6. It is agreed that, in consi deration of the intimate alliance established by this treaty between

the

the two crowns, neither the one or the other of the high contracting parties, shall permit the vessels of merchandize belonging to its ally, or to the people or subjects of its ally, and which shall have been taken at sea by any ships of war or privateers whatsoever, belonging to enemies or rebels, to be brought into its harbours; nor any ship of war or privateer to be therein armed, in any case or under any pretext whatsoever, in order to cruize against the ships and property of such ally, or of his subject: nor that there be conveyed by its subjects, or in their ships, to the enemies of its ally, any provisions, or military or naval stores, for these ends, as often as it shall be required by either of the allies, the other shall be bound to renew express prohibitions, ordering all persons to conform themselves in this article, upon pain of exem. plary punishment, in addition to the full restitution and satisfaction to be made to the injured parties. 7. If, notwithstanding the prohibitions and penalties above-mentioned, any vessels of enemies or rebels, should bring into the ports of either of the high contracting parties any prizes taken from the other or from its subjects, the former shall oblige them to quit its ports in the space of twenty-four hours after their arrival, upon pain of seizure and confiscation; and the crews and passengers, or other pri. soners, subjects of its ally, who shall have been brought into the said ports, shall immediately after their arrival be restored to their full liberty with their ship and merchandize, without any delay or exception. And if any vessel whatsoever, after having been

armed or equipped, wholly or par tially, in the ports of either of the allies, should be employed in taking prizes, or in committing hostilities against the subjects of the other, such vessels, in case of their returning into the said ports, shall at the requisition of the injured parties, be seized and confiscated for their benefit.

The high contracting parties do not intend that the stipulations in these two articles should derogate from the execution of anterior treaties actually existing with other powers; the high contracting parties not being, however, at liberty to form new engagements hereaf ter to the prejudice of the said stipulations.

8. Their Imperial and Britannic majesties engage to ratify the present treaty of alliance, and the ratification thereof shall be exchanged in the space of six weeks, or sooner if it can be done.

In witness whereof, we the undersigned, being furnished with, the full powers of their Imperial and Britannic majesties, have signed the present treaty in their names, and have caused the seals of our arms to be affixed thereto. Done at Vienna, the 20th day. 1795.

of May, (L. S.) (L. S.)

LE BARON DE THUGUT. MORTON EDEN.

Separate Article.

In case the establishment, in general limited, of the land forces of Great Britain should not permit his Britannic majesty to furnish, within the term specified, the succour in men stipulated by the 5th article of the present treaty of alliance, and that consequently his Imperial majesty should be obliged

ΤΟ

to supply that succour by an equal number of other troops, to be taken into his pay, the confidence which the emperor reposes in the friendship and equity of the king of Great Britain leaves him no room to doubt but that his Britannic majesty will readily grant him an indemnification for the diffe. rence, which, according to a just valuation at the time, shall exist between the expences of the taking into pay and subsistence of those troops, and the estimate in Dutch florins, which, in order to avoid every delay of discussion, has been adopted in the above-mentioned 5th article, in conformity to the estimate contained in ancient treaties.

The separate article making, part of the treaty of alliance, sign. ed this day in the name of their Imperial and Britannic majesties, shall have the same force and vali. dity as if it were inserted word for word in the said treaty of alliance.

In witness whereof, we, the undersigned, being furnished with the full powers of their Imperial and Britannic majesties, have in their names signed the present separate article, and have caused the seals of our arms to be affixed thereto. Done at Vienna, the 20th of May, 1795

(L. S.) MORTON EDEN, (L. S.) LE BARON DE THUGUT.

Separate Article.

Their Imperial and Britannic majesties shall concert together upon the invitation to be given to her Imperial majesty of all the Russias, in order to form, by the union of the three courts, in con. sequence of the intimate connec. sions which exist already between

them, a system of triple alliance, proper for the re-establishment and maintenance in future of peace and general tranquillity in Europe.

This article shall have the same force as if it were inserted in the present treaty.

In witness whereof, we the undersigned, being furnished with the full powers of their Imperial and Britannic majesties, have in their names signed the present separate article, and have caused the seals of our arms to be affixed thereto.

Done at Vienna, the 20th of May, 1795.

(L. S.) MORTON EDEN, (L. S.) LE BARON DE THUGUT.

Treaty of Defensive Alliance between his Britannic Majesty and the Empress of Russia. Signed at St. Petersburgh, February 18, 1795.

IN the name of the Most Holy Trinity. His Britannic majesty, and her majesty the empress of all the Russias, animated with a desire equally sincere to strengthen more and more the ties of friendship and good understanding which so happily subsist between them and their respective monarchies, have thought that nothing would more effectually contribute to this salutary end than the conclusion of a treaty of defensive alliance, concerning which they should occupy themselves forthwith, and which should have for basis the stipulations of similar treaties which have already been heretofore concluded, and have made the objects of the most intimate union between the two empires. For this purpose their said majesties have named for their

plenipo.

plenipotentiaries, that is to say, his Britannic majesty, the sieur Charles Whitworth, his envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to her Imperial majesty of all the Russias, knight of the order of the Bath; and her Imperial majesty of all the Russias, the sieur John count Osterman, her vice. chancellor, actual privy counsellor, senator, and knight of the orders of St. Andrew, of St. Alexander Newsky, great cross of that of St. Vladimir of the first class and of St. Anne; the sieur Alexander count of Besborodko, her great master of the court, actual privy-counsellor, director-general of the posts, and knight of the orders of St. Andrew, of St. Alexander Newsky, and great cross of that of St. Vladimir of the first class; and the sieur Arcadi de Marcoff, privycounsellor, member of the college of foreign affairs, knight of the order of St. Alexander New. sky, and great cross of that of St. Vladimir of the first class: who, after having mutually exchanged their full powers, found to be in good and due form, have agreed upon the following articles :

Art. 1. There shall be a sincere and constant friendship between his Britannic majesty and her majesty the empress of all the Russias, their heirs and successors; and, in consequence of this intimate union, the high contracting parties shall have nothing more strongly at heart than to promote by all possible means their mutual interests, to avert from each other whatever might cause them any injury, da. mage, or prejudice, and to main. tain themselves reciprocally in the undisturbed possession of their doVOL. XXXVII.

minions, rights, commerce, and prerogatives whatsoever, by guaranteeing reciprocally for this purpose all their countries, dominions, and possessions, as well such as they actually possess, as those which they may acquire by treaty.

2. If, notwithstanding the ef. forts which they shall employ by common consent, in order to obtain this end, it should nevertheless happen that one of them should be attacked by sea or land, the other shall furnish him, immediately on the requisition being made, the succours stipulated by the following articles of this treaty.

3. His Britannic majesty and her Imperial majesty of all the Russias declare, however, that in contracting the present alliance, their intention is by no means to give offence thereby, or to injure any one, but that their sole intention is to provide by these engagements for their reciprocal advantage and security, as well as for the re-establishment of peace, and for the maintenance of the general tranquillity of Europe, and above all, that of the North.

4. As the two high contracting parties profess the same desire to render each other their mutual succours as advantageous as possible, and as the natural force of Russia consists in land troops, whilst Great Britain can principally furnish ships of war, it is agreed upon, that if his Britannic majesty should be attacked or disturbed by any other power, and in whatever manner it might be, in the possession of his dominions and provinces, so that he should think it necessary to require the assistance of his aliy, her Imperial majesty of all the Russias Ꭲ

shall

shall send him immediately 10,000 infantry and 2000 horse. If, on the other hand, her Imperial majesty of all the Russias should find herself attacked or disturbed by any other power, and in whatever manner it may be, in the possession of her dominions and provinces, so that she should think it necessary to require the assistance of her ally, his Britannic majesty shall send her forthwith a squadron of twelve ships of war and of the line, carrying 708 guns, according to the following list:-two ships of 74 guns, making together 148 guns, and the crews 950 men; six ships of 60 guns, making 360 guns, and the crews 2,400 men; four ships of 50 guns, making 200 guns, and the crews 1200 men. In the whole 12 ships, 708 guns, and the crews 4560 men. This squadron shall be properly equipped and armed for war. These succours shall be respectively sent to the places which shall be specified by the requiring party, and shall remain at his free disposal as long as hostilities shall last.

5. But if the nature of the at tack were such, as that the party attacked should not find it to his interest to demand the effective suc. cours, such as they have been stipulated for in the preceding article, in that case the two high contracting powers have resolved to change the said succour into a pe. cuniary subsidy; that is to say, if his Britannic majesty should be attacked, and should prefer pecu. niary succours, her Imperial majesty of all the Russias, after the requisition having been previously made, shall pay to him the sum of 500,000 rubles yearly, during the

whole continuance of hostilities, to assist him to support the expences of the war; and if her Imperial majesty of all the Russias should be attacked, and should prefer pe cuniary succours, his Britannic ma. jesty shall furnish her with the same sum yearly, as long as hostili. ties shall last.

6. If the party required, after having furnished the succour stipulated in the fourth article of this treaty, should be himself attacked, so as to put him thereby under the necessity of recalling his troops for his own safety, he shall be at liberty to do so, after having informed the requiring party thereof two months beforehand. In like manner, if the party required were himself at war at the time of the requisition, so that he should be obliged to retain near himself, for his own proper security and defence, the forces which he is bound to furnish his ally in virtue of this treaty; in such case the party required shall be dispersed from furnishing the said succour, so long as the said necessity shal last.

7. The Russian auxiliary troops shall be provided with field artil lery, animunition, and every thing of which they may stand in need, in proportion to their number. They shall be paid and recruited annually by the requiring court. With regard to the ordinary rations and portions of provisions and forage, as well as quarters, they shall be then furnished to them by the requiring court, the whole on the footing upon which his own troops are or shall be maintained in the field or in quarters.

8. In case the said Russian auxi.