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to throw the light from right ahead to two points abaft the beam on the port side, and of such a character as to be visible on a dark night, with a clear atmosphere, at a distance of at least two miles.

(d) The said green and red side lights shall be fitted with inboard screens, projecting at least three feet forward from the light, so as to prevent these lights from being seen across the bow.

LIGHTS FOR STEAM-TUGS.

Article 4. Steamships, when towing other ships, shall carry two bright white masthead lights vertically, in addition to their side lights, so as to distinguish them from other steamships. Each of these masthead lights shall be of the same construction and character as the masthead lights which other steamships are required to carry.

LIGHTS FOR SAILING-SHIPS.

Article 5. Sailing-ships under way or being towed shall carry the same lights as steamships under way, with the exception of the white masthead lights, which they shall never carry.

EXCEPTIONAL LIGHTS FOR SMALL SAILING-VESSELS.

Article 6. Whenever, as in the case of small vessels during bad weather, the green and red lights cannot be fixed, these lights shall be kept on deck, on their respective sides of the vessel; ready for instant exhibition, and shall, on the approach of or to other vessels, be exhibited on their respective sides in sufficient time to prevent collision, in such manner as to make them most visible, and so that the green light shall not be seen on the port side, nor the red light on the starboard side.

To make the use of these portable lights more certain and easy, they shall each be painted outside with the color of the light they respectively contain, and shall be provided with suitable screens.

LIGHTS FOR SHIPS AT ANCHOR.

Article 7. Ships, whether steamships or sailing-ships, when at anchor in roadsteads or fairways, shall, between sunset and sunrise, exhibit where it can best be seen, but at a height not exceeding twenty feet above the hull, a white light in a globular lantern of eight inches in diameter, and so constructed as to show a clear uniform and unbroken light visible all around the horizon, and at a distance of at least one mile.

LIGHTS FOR PILOT-VESSELS.

Article 8. Sailing pilot-vessels shall not carry the lights required for other sailing-vessels, but shall carry a white light at the masthead, visible all round the horizon, and shall also exhibit a flare-up light every fifteen minutes.

LIGHTS FOR FISHING VESSELS AND BOATS.

Article 9. Open fishing-boats and other open boats shall not be required to carry side lights required for other vessels, but shall, if they do not carry such lights, carry a lantern having a green slide on the one side and a red slide on the other side, and on the approach of or to other vessels, such lantern shall be exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision, so that the green light shall not be

seen on the port side, nor the red light on the starboard side. Fishing-vessels and open boats when at anchor, or attached to their nets and stationary, shall exhibit a bright white light. Fishing-vessels and open boats shall, however, not be prevented from using a flare-up in addition, if considered expedient.

RULES GOVERNING FOG-SIGNALS.

FOG SIGNALS.

Article 10. Whenever there is a fog, whether by day or night, the fog-signals described below shall be carried and used, and shall be sounded at least every five minutes, viz:

(a) Steamships under way shall use a steam whistle placed before the funnel, not less than eight feet from the deck.

(b) Sailing-ships under way shall use a fog-horn.

(c) Steamships and sailing-ships when not under way shall use a bell.

STEERING AND SAILING RUles.

TWO SAILING-SHIPS MEETING.

Article 11. If two sailing-ships are meeting end on, or nearly end on, so as to invoke risk of collision, the helms of both shall be put to port, so that each may pass on the port side of the other.

TWO SAILING-SHIPS CROSSING.

Article 12. When two sailing-ships are crossing so as to involve risk of collision, then, if they have the wind on different sides, the ship with the wind on the port side shall keep out of the way of the ship with the wind on the starboard side, except in the case in which the ship with the wind on the port side is close-hauled, and the other ship free, in which case the latter ship shall keep out of the way. But if they have the wind on the same side, or if one of them has the wind aft, the ship which is to windward shall keep out of the way of the ship which is to leeward.

TWO SHIPS UNDER STEAM MEETING.

Article 13. If two ships under steam are meeting end on, or nearly end on, so as to involve risk of collision, the helms of both shall be put to port, so that each may pass on the port side of the other.

TWO SHIPS UNDER STEAM CROSSING.

Article 14. If two ships under steam are crossing so as to involve risk of collision, the ship which has the other on her own starboard side shall keep out of the way of the other.

SAILING-SHIP AND SHIP UNDER STEAM.

Article 15. If two ships, one of which is a sailing-ship and the other a steamship, are proceeding in such directions as to involve risk of collision, the steamship shall keep out of the way of the sailing-ship.

SHIPS UNDER STEAM TO SLACKEN SPEED.

Article 16. Every steamship, when approaching another ship, so as to involve risk of collision, shall slacken her speed, or, if necessary, stop and reverse; and every steamship shall, when in a fog, go at a moderate speed.

VESSELS OVERTAKING OTHER VESSELS.

Article 17. Every vessel overtaking any other vessel shall keep out of way of the said last-mentioned vessel.

CONSTRUCTION OF ARTICLES 12, 14, 15, AND 17.

Article 18. Where, by the above rules, one of two ships is to keep out of the way, the other shall keep her course subject to the qualifications contained in the following article:

PROVISO TO SAVE SPECIAL CASES.

Article 19. In obeying and construing these rules due regard must be had to all dangers of navigation, and due regard must also be had to any special circumstances which may exist in any particular case rendering a departure from the above rules necessary in order to avoid immediate danger.

NO SHIP UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES TO NEGLECT PROPER PRECAUTIONS.

Article 20. Nothing in these rules shall exonerate any ship, or the owner, or master, or crew thereof, from the consequences of any neglect to carry lights or signals, or of any neglect to keep a proper lookout, or of the neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case.

Approved, April 29, 1864.

INCOME AND EXPENDITURES OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.

THE following is an account of the gross public income of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, in the year ending the 30th day of June, 1864, and of the actual payments within the same period, exclusive of the sums applied to the redemption of funded or paying off unfunded debt, and of the advances and repayments for local works, etc. :

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Total ordinary expenditure ...

Expenses of fortifications provided for by money raised per act 25 and 26 Vict., c. 78....

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7,360,833 19

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4,548,883 10

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679,396 18
85,925 0 0
174,598 16

1

38,409,394 17 3

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THE Commissioner of Internal Revenue made a decision, a few days since, to the effect that the person to whom a receipt is given must furnish the stamp. Commissioner LEWIS says:

"Ordinarily at law no person is bound to give a receipt for money paid. The receipt is an instrument of evidence, useful only to the person to whom it is given. If he needs a receipt, it is necessary for him to furnish the stamp, or to stamp the receipt, if required, before it is signed. The person who receives the money is not obliged to give a receipt unless the other party furnishes the proper stamp. If a person gives a receipt without requiring that the party to whom it is given shall furnish the stamp, the maker of the reecipt must himself stamp the the paper before he delivers it. If he fails to stamp it before he delivers it, he is liable to the penalty provided by law for the omission; but the other party may stamp it immediately upon its being received."

It would have been much simpler and better, as we think, if, by this new revenue law, every person were required, as is the case in England, to give on demand a stamped receipt to any one paying them money over a certain sum.

The Commissioner has also made the following decision respecting bills of lading. We give the correspondence in full:

NEW YORK, August 8, 1864.

HON. J. J. LEWIS, Commissioner of Internal Revenue, }

DEAR SIR,-Herewith I hand you a pro-forma bill of lading or receipt, which in character is about the same as is in use by all the railroad and transportation companies doing business between New York, Boston, Philadelphia, and Western States.

Will you please inform me if it requires a tion?-Respectfully yours,

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stamp." If yea, what denominaM. B. SPAULDING.

TREASURY DEPARTMENT, OFFICE OF INTERNAL REVENUE,

August 18th, 1864.

SIR,-In answer to your letter of the 8th inst., I have to say that receipts for the delivery of any property are chargeable with a stamp duty of two cents, and this applies to all dray receipts and all receipts issued or received by steamboats, railroads or express companies.

Bills of lading, or receipts for any goods, wares or merchandise, to be transferred from any port or place in the United States, and to be delivered at any port or place in the United States, are subject to the stamp of two cents.

Very respectfully,

JOSEPH J. LEWIS, Commissioner.

The result of this decision is, that the railroads and all transporting companies will require the shipping merchants to send receipts "stamped."

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