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ESTIMATES OF CROPS IN THE SEVERAL STATES FOR 1844.

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367,000 1,035,000 3,014,000 194,000
2,254,000 4.653,000 881,000

4,580

582,000

6,000

8.530

Virginia

5,346,000 22,330,000 3,615.000

Indiana..

Illinois...

Missouri.

15,969,000 20,393,000 48,000,000 4.847,000
5,419,000 11,585,000 24,500.000 3.573,000 3,200,000
3,380,000 10,798.000 19,680,000 3,095,000 1,062,000
1 144,000 4,555,000 12,500,000 972,000 12,495,000

10,805,000 14,812,000 38,960,000 2,374,000 33,574,000

N. Carolina 2,461,000
S. Carolina.. 1,460,000 1,400,000 13,640,000 3,360,000
Georgia.. 1,848,000
Alabama.. 1,088,000
Mississippi.. 344,000
Louisiana..

1,190,000 22,200,000 2,048,000
1,909,000 22,200,000 1,923,000
1,081,000 2,709,000 3,378,000
138,000 7,600,000 1,443,000
7,841,000 61,100,000 2,051,900 33,736,000 39,600,000 25,090
Kentucky... 3,974,000 11,901,000 47,500,000 1,371,000 57,555,000

Tennessee.. 6,950,000

Ohio

2,683.000

7,720

1,407,000)

466,000 51,628.000

8,050

8,000)

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6,888,000

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Arkansas

Michigan

2,111,000

396,000

7,500,000 611,000

14,400,000

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4,237,000

4,013,000

4,300,000 5,359 000

1,730

2,611,000

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560,000

853,000

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595,000 568,000 1,690,000

469,000

74,000

Dist. Columb

13,000

15,000

44,000

51,000

1,250

Total.....

95,607,000 172,247,000 421,953,000 99,493,000 151,705,000 872,107,000 396,790 201,107,000

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OREGON.

OUR RIGHTFUL NORTH-WESTERN BOUNDARY.

Decidedly the clearest and best account we have seen of the Oregon Boundary controversy is given in the following article from the Edinburgh Review of July last. So lucid, so candid, so truthful is it, that the British newspaper press (the London Times especially) denounce it as a virtual surrender of all in dispute that is material—as in truth it is. The boundary (proposed by the Review is that proposed and urged by our Government at Sdifferent times, but always rejected by Great Britain. We think the Review

demonstrates that it is the proper and just one.

I. Report from the Committee on the Hudson's fact a continuation of the Andes. Between? Bay Company, April 24, 1749. Reprinted these mountains and the Pacific, from which in Reports from Committees of the House they are at an average distance of 500 miles,

of Commons. 1800.

II. Hudson's Bay Company Charters and Correspondence. House of Commons, August 8, 1842. No. 54%

run intermediate ranges, some parallel and some from West to East, so as to leave levels a very small portion of the country. The III. American State Papers. Presented at differ- rivers which flow from the eastern slopes of) ent times to Congress in 1826, 1828, and 1838. the Rocky Mountains are the great rivers of IV. Travels in the Oregon Territory. By T. J. North America-the Mackenzie, the MissouFARNHAM, 2 vols. 8vo. London: 1843. ri, and the Rio Grande. On the western side V. The Oregon Territory. By JOHN DUNN. 8vo. they are few, interrupted by falls and rapids, closed at their mouths by bars, and, in the VI. On the Discovery of the Mississippi, and the earlier part of their courses, generally couSouth-Western Oregon, and North-western Boundary of the United States. By T. FAL-fined by precipitous banks of 1000 or 1500 feet in hight. CONER. 8vo. London: 1844.

London: 1844.

VII. The History of Oregon and California. By
R. GREENHOw. 8vo. London: 1844.
VIII. Narrative of the United States Exploring Ex
pedition. By CHARLES WILKES, 5 vols.
4to. Philadelphia: 1845.

Second edition. London: 1845.

We have said that the occupants of the territory are the Indian tribes; but the greater) part of it is under the nominal sovereignty of Russia, England, the United States and Mex-) ico. The Russian boundary begins at the IX. The Life and Travels of Thomas Simpson southernmost point of Prince of Wales' IslBy A. SIMPSON. 8vo. London: 1845. X. The Oregon Question. By T. FALCONER.-and, (lat. 54° 40',) then runs in a north-western and northern direction' to the Arctic Ocean; so as to include first a narrow strip of NORTH-WESTERN America is probably the coast, and then a peninsula washed by three largest portion of the world yet unsubdued seas, and forming the north-western extremity) by cultivation. From about latitude 32° to of the continent. The British portion in700, and from longitude 125° to 95°, bounda- cludes all that is east of the Rocky Moun (ries enclosing a space of more than 4,000,000 tains, and north of latitude 49°. The bonn(square miles, the real occupants of the coun-dary of the United States comprises all that) (try are the aboriginal hunters and fishers.-is east of the Rocky Mountains, from latitude Two or three Russian, English, and Mexican 49° to 42° and then runs in a south-eastertrading stations on the coast; and in the inte- ly direction, until it reaches the rivers which rior a few English hunting posts, and some form the boundary of Texas. All that remissionary establishments supplied by Mexi-mains south of the forty-second parallel be co and the United States are the only points longs to Mexico.

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inhabited by civilized men. About 500,000| Between these limits lies the unappropriIndians, and about 10,000 whites, constitute ated Oregon country, bounded on the North the population of a district more than one- by the parallel 54° 40', on the East by the third larger than Europe, and situated for the Rocky Mountains, on the South by the fortymost part within the temperate zone. The second parallel, and on the West by the Pawhole is intersected from North to South, by cific. It is about 650 miles in length, and of a chain called, to the north of latitude 42°, the an average breadth of about 550--narrower Rocky Mountains, and to the south of that towards the North, and broader towards the parallel, the Sierra Anahuac; which is in South-the Rocky Mountains running, not

parallel with the coast, but in a south-wester- Until the last three or four years, the only >ly direction. It contains, therefore, about use made of it by civilized men, has been as 360,000 square miles; more than three times a mart for the purchase of furs and skins.the surface of the British Islands. The The earliest adventurers in the North Amer northern part of the coast, above the forty-ican fur-trade appear to have been the French eighth parallel, is protected by numerous isl- Canadians. At first, in the beginning of the ands, the largest of which, Vancouver's Isl seventeenth century, when the wild animals and, is about two-thirds of the size of Ireland. were plentiful and the Indians numerous and Along the straits which separate these islands powerful, the white traders remained in their (from the continent, are many excellent har-towns on the banks of the St. Lawrence, and bors; but down the whole coast of the Pacific, were satisfied with the skins brought to them Sfrom latitude 48° to Port San Francisco, far by the hunters. As this supply diminished, within the Mexican frontier, there is no refuge and as the Indian tribes were thinned and except Bulfinch harbor and the Columbia-cowed by the destructive proximity of civilithe former of which can be entered only by zation, the traders found it necessary to penesmall vessels, and the latter is inaccessible trate the wilderness, and barter with the for eight months of the year, and dangerous hunter on his own territory. The bold men at all times. who engaged in this traffic had to encounter

We have already said that the whole coun- every form of hardship and danger. They Stry is intersected by ranges of mountains.- had to deal with savages, selfish, cruel, and Most of them are loftier than our loftiest Al- treacherous; intellectually, and, bad as the Spine ranges, and some are supposed to equal, whites were, perhaps morally their inferiors Sor even to exceed, the highest Andes. One-beings with whom they had no sympathy, consequence of this is, that the climate is se- towards whom their only relation was a mu vere except in the south-western valleys, tual struggle to kill, to overreach, or to planwhere it is tempered by the neighborhood of der. Under such circumstances, and in a the sea. Another is, that only a very small country without law or public opinion, the portion of the land is capable of cultivation. coureurs des bois, as the French fur-traders The best portion is the valley between the were called, degenerated-as civilized men Kalmet Mountains and the Pacific, a strip exposed to such influences always will de Sabout eighty miles broad and three hundred generate-into intelligent beasts of prey long, watered by the Columbia, and by its tribu- uniting the foresight, the perseverance, and taries, the Cowlitz on the North, and the Wil- the powers of combination of the White, to lamet on the South. But even of this Oregon the rapacious and unscrupulous ferocity of Felix, Mr. Greenhow states that only from the Indian. The remedy adopted by the one-eighth to one-tenth is cultivable. Farther French government was, to prohibit all per to the West the land rises into elevated sons from entering the Indian territory with (plains, sometimes of rock and sometimes of out a license; and to make the continuance sand, without wood and almost without vege- of the license depend on their conduct. Station, intersected indeed by rivers, but rivers In 1669, an association was formed by which bring no fertility. "The banks," says Prince Rupert to prosecute an English fur Captain Wilkes, "of the Upper Columbia trade; and in 1770 its members were incorpo Sare altogether devoid of any fertile alluvial rated by charter, under the title of the Hudflats, destitute of even scattered trees; there is son's Bay Company. To this Company no freshness in the little vegetation on its bor-Charles the Second granted, as absolute lords ders; the sterile sands reach to its very brink; and proprietors, all the lands on the coasts and it is scarcely to be believed, until its banks are confines of the seas, lakes, and rivers within (reached, that a mighty river is rolling its the Hudson's straits, not actually possessed) waters past these arid wastes."* Towards by the subjects of any other Prince or State, the North, a higher latitude and a still greater and the exclusive right of trading with the Selevation render the country still less fit for inhabitants. And the charter proceeds to Sthe abode of man. But even here some fer- threaten all who may intrude on their privi Stile valleys are to be found. And Mr. Dunn lege with the forfeiture of ship and merchan describes the lower part of Vancouver's Isl-dise, half to the Crown and half to the Com and as, on the whole, the most habitable por-pany. tion of this inhospitable territory.t

In 1749, nearly eighty years after the crea But though generally incapable of tillage, tion of the Company, an attempt was made the south-western part contains some districts to deprive them of their charter, on the ground) not unfit for pasturage, and others which are of non-user; and it certainly appeared that rich in timber. The rivers are full of fish, they had done but little. They had at that and the northern part abounds, or till lately time only four small forts, occupied by 120 did abound, with furred animals.

* Vol, iv., p. 429. + Dunn's Oregon, p. 242.

men. Their exports for the ten preceding years had amounted only to £36,000, their ex penses of management and establishment to

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