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CONTENTS

OF

THE FIRST VOLUME.

CHAPTER I.

THE SPANISH HEGEMONY.

Italy in the Renaissance-The Five Great Powers-The King-
dom of Naples-The Papacy-The Duncy of Milan-
Venice-The Florentine Republic-Wars of Invasion
closed by the Sack of Rome in 1527—Concordat between
Clement VII. and Charles V.-Treaty of Barcelona and
Paix des Dames-Charles lands at Genoa-His Journey
to Bologna-Entrance into Bologna and Reception by
Clement-Mustering of Italian Princes-Franceso Sforza
replaced in the Duchy of Milan-Venetian Embassy-
Italian League signed on Christmas Eve 1529-Florence
alone excluded-The Siege of Florence pressed by the
Prince of Orange-Charles's Coronation as King of Italy
and Holy Roman Emperor-The Significance of this
Ceremony at Bologna-Ceremony in S. Petronio-Settle-
ment of the Duchy of Ferrara-Men of Letters and Arts
at Bologna-The Emperor's Use of the Spanish Habit-
Charles and Clement leave Bologna in March 1530-Re-
view of the Settlement of Italy affected by Emperor and
Pope-Extinction of Republics-Subsequent Absorption
of Ferrara and Urbino into the Papal States-Savoy be-
comes an Italian Power-Period between Charles's Coro-
nation and the Peace of Cateau Cambresis in 1559-Eco-
nomical and Social Condition of the Italians under Span-
ish Hegemony-The Nation still exists in Separate Com-
munities—Intellectual Conditions-Predominance of Spain
and Rome-Both Cosmopolitan Powers-Leveling down
of the Component Portions of the Nation in a Common
Servitude-The Evils of Spanish Rule

PAGE

The Counter-Reformation-Its Intellectual and Moral Charac-

ter-Causes of the Gradual Extinction of Renaissance

Energy-Transition from the Renaissance to the Catholic

Revival-New Religious Spirit in Italy-Attitude of Ital-

ians toward German Reformation-Oratory of Divine Love

-Gasparo Contarini and the Moderate Reformers-New

Religious Orders-Paul III.-His early History and Edu-

cation-Political Attitude between France and Spain-

Creation of the Duchy of Parma-Imminence of a General

Council-Review of previous Councils-Paul's Uneasiness

-Opens a Council at Trent in 1542-Protestants virtually

excluded, and Catholic Dogmas confirmed in the first Ses-

sions-Death of Paul in 1549-Julius III.-Paul IV.-

Character and Ruling Passions of G. P. Caraffa-His

Futile Opposition to Spain-Tyranny of His Nephews-

Their Downfall-Paul devotes himself to Church Reform

and the Inquisition-Pius IV.-His Minister Morone-

-Diplomatic Temper of this Pope-His Management of

the Council-Assistance rendered by his Nephew Carlo

Borromeo-Alarming State of Northern Europe-The

Council reopened at Trent in 1562-Subsequent History of

the Council-It closes with a complete Papal Triumph in

1563-Place of Pius IV. in History-Pius V.-The In-

quisitor Pope-Population of Rome-Social Corruption-

Sale of Offices and Justice-Tridentine Reforms depress

Wealth-Ascetic Purity of Manners becomes fashionable—

Piety-The Catholic Reaction generates the Counter-

Reformation-Battle of Lepanto-Gregory XIII.-His Re-

latives-Policy of enriching the Church at Expense of

the Barons-Brigandage in States of the Church-Sixtus

V.-His Stern Justice-Rigid Economy-Great Public

Works-Taxation-The City of Rome assumes its present

form-Nepotism in the Counter-Reformation Period--

Various Estimates of the Wealth accumulated by Papal

Nephews-Rise of Princely Roman Families

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CONTENTS.

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CHAPTER III.

THE INQUISITION AND THE INDEX.

Different Spirit in the Holy Office and the Company of Jesus
-Both needed by the Counter-Reformation-Heresy in
the Early Church-First Origins of the Inquisition in 1203
-S. Dominic-The Holy Office becomes a Dominican Insti-
tution-Recognized by the Empire-Its earlyOrganization—
The Spanish Inquisition-Founded in 1484-How it differ-
ed from the earlier Apostolical Inquisition-Jews, Moors,
New Christians-Organization and History of the Holy
Office in Spain-Torquemada and his Successors-The
Spanish Inquisition never introduced into Italy-How the
Roman Inquisition organized by Caraffa differed from it
-Autos da fe in Rome-Proscription of suspected Luth-
erans-The Calabrian Waldenses-Protestants at Locarno
and Venice-Digression on the Venetian Holy Office-
Persecution of Free Thought in Literature-Growth of the
Index Librorum Prohibitorum-Sanction given to it by
the Council of Trent-The Roman Congregation of the
Index-Final Form of the Censorship of Books under
Clement VIII.-Analysis of its Regulations-Proscription
of Heretical Books-Correction of Texts-Purgation and
Castration-Inquisitorial and Episcopal Licenses—Work-
ing of the System of this Censorship in Italy-Its long
Delays-Hostility to Sound Learning-Ignorance of the
Censors-Interference with Scholars in their Work-Ter-
rorism of Booksellers-Vatican Scheme for the Restora-
tion of Christian Erudition-Frustrated by the Tyranny of
the Index-Dishonesty of the Vatican Scholars-Biblical
Studies rendered nugatory by the Tridentine Decree on the
Vulgate Decline of Learning in Universities-Miserable
Servitude of Professors-Greek dies out-Muretus and
Manutius in Rome-The Index and its Treatment of Poli-
tical Works-Machiavelli-Ratio Status-Encouragement
of Literature on Papal Absolutism—Sarpi's Attitude-Com-
parative Indifference of Rome to Books of Obscene or Im-
moral Tendency-Bandello and Boccaccio-Papal At-
tempts to control Intercourse of Italians with Heretics.

PAGE

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