CONTENTS OF THE FIRST VOLUME. CHAPTER I. THE SPANISH HEGEMONY. Italy in the Renaissance-The Five Great Powers-The King- PAGE The Counter-Reformation-Its Intellectual and Moral Charac- ter-Causes of the Gradual Extinction of Renaissance Energy-Transition from the Renaissance to the Catholic Revival-New Religious Spirit in Italy-Attitude of Ital- ians toward German Reformation-Oratory of Divine Love -Gasparo Contarini and the Moderate Reformers-New Religious Orders-Paul III.-His early History and Edu- cation-Political Attitude between France and Spain- Creation of the Duchy of Parma-Imminence of a General Council-Review of previous Councils-Paul's Uneasiness -Opens a Council at Trent in 1542-Protestants virtually excluded, and Catholic Dogmas confirmed in the first Ses- sions-Death of Paul in 1549-Julius III.-Paul IV.- Character and Ruling Passions of G. P. Caraffa-His Futile Opposition to Spain-Tyranny of His Nephews- Their Downfall-Paul devotes himself to Church Reform and the Inquisition-Pius IV.-His Minister Morone- -Diplomatic Temper of this Pope-His Management of the Council-Assistance rendered by his Nephew Carlo Borromeo-Alarming State of Northern Europe-The Council reopened at Trent in 1562-Subsequent History of the Council-It closes with a complete Papal Triumph in 1563-Place of Pius IV. in History-Pius V.-The In- quisitor Pope-Population of Rome-Social Corruption- Sale of Offices and Justice-Tridentine Reforms depress Wealth-Ascetic Purity of Manners becomes fashionable— Piety-The Catholic Reaction generates the Counter- Reformation-Battle of Lepanto-Gregory XIII.-His Re- latives-Policy of enriching the Church at Expense of the Barons-Brigandage in States of the Church-Sixtus V.-His Stern Justice-Rigid Economy-Great Public Works-Taxation-The City of Rome assumes its present form-Nepotism in the Counter-Reformation Period-- CONTENTS. xiil CHAPTER III. THE INQUISITION AND THE INDEX. Different Spirit in the Holy Office and the Company of Jesus PAGE . 159 Vast Importance of the Jesuits in the Counter-Reformation- Ignatius Loyola-His Youth-Retreat at Manresa-Jour ney to Jerusalem-Studies in Spain and Paris-First For- mation of his Order at Sainte Barbe-Sojourn at Venice- Settlement at Rome-Papal Recognition of the Order- Its Military Character-Absolutism of the General-De- votion to the Roman Church-Choice of Members-Prac- tical and Positive Aims of the Founder-Exclusion of the Ascetic, Acceptance of the Worldly Spirit-Review of the Order's Rapid Extension over Europe-Loyola's Dealings with his Chief Lieutenants-Propaganda-The Virtue of Obedience-The Exercitia Spiritualia—Materialistic Im- agination-Intensity and Superficiality of Religious Train- ing-The Status of the Novice-Temporal Coadjutors- Scholastics-Professed of the Three Vows-Professed of the Four Vows-The General-Control exercised over him by his Assistants-His Relation to the General Congrega- tion-Espionage a Part of the Jesuit System-Advan- tageous Position of a Contented Jesuit-The Vow of Poverty-Houses of the Professed and Colleges-The Con- stitutions and Declarations-Problem of the Monita Secreta -Reciprocal Relations of Rome and the Company- Characteristics of Jesuit Education-Direction of Con- sciences-Moral Laxity-Sarpi's Critique-Casuistry-In- terference in Affairs of State-Instigation to Regicide and Criminal Justice-Paid Assassins-Toleration of Outlaws- Honorable Murder-Example of the Lucchese Army- State of the Convents-The History of Virginia de Leyva -Lucrezia Buonvisi-The True Tale of the Cenci-The Brothers of the House of Massimo-Vittoria Accoramboni |