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Accidents to railroad employees during 1902 resulted in 45 being killed and 646 being injured.

ARBITRATION AND CONCILIATION.-A historical review of this subject is given, together with a reproduction of the arbitration and conciliation laws of several of the States.

LABOR LAWS AND COURT DECISIONS.-In this part of the report are reproduced from the Bulletins of the United States Bureau of Labor decisions of courts affecting labor, and laws of various States relating to labor enacted during 1902. The complete labor laws of the State of Virginia are also published in this part of the report.

PRISON ASSOCIATION OF VIRGINIA AND NEGRO REFORMATORY ASSOCIATION OF VIRGINIA.-A brief account of the progress of the work of these two reformatory institutions, the former of which is for whites, concludes the report.

RECENT FOREIGN STATISTICAL PUBLICATIONS.

AUSTRIA.

Arbeiterverhältnisse im Ostrau-Karwiner Steinkohlenreviere. Dargestellt vom K. K. Arbeitsstatistischen Amte im Handelsministerium. I. Theil. Arbeitszeit, Arbeitsleistungen, Lohn- und Einkommensverhältnisse. 1904. lii, 128, 583* pp.

This report is the result of an investigation of labor conditions in Austria undertaken in 1901 by the Austrian bureau of labor statistics, covering what is known as the Ostrau-Karwin coal-mine district, for the period from July 1, 1900, to June 30, 1901. This district includes the Crown lands of Moravia and Silesia, in which about onehalf of all the Austrian coal-mine workers are employed. The inquiry embraced in its scope the labor conditions in coal mining, coking plants, manufacturing establishments, various handicrafts, and agriculture.

This volume, which constitutes the first part of the entire report, relates to the hours of labor, efficiency, and earnings of wageworkers. The main part of the volume consists of a series of tables covering 583 pages, and contains the detailed results of the investigation. These tables are preceded by a comprehensive analysis and by a reproduction of the schedules of inquiry used and instructions issued for guidance in the prosecution of the work of the investigation.

COAL.-By far the greater part of the report is devoted to coal-mine labor. The statistical presentation shows, in various combinations, for each mine separately and, by summarized statements, for the entire district, the number of mine workers, the number of shifts worked, the wages and the income of coal-mine employees. The investigation covers 38 mines, employing an average of 34,925 mine workers. The following table shows by occupations the actual number of mine workers employed in the entire district during each month and the average number for the entire year from July 1, 1900, to June 30, 1901:

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ACTUAL NUMBER OF COAL-MINE EMPLOYEES IN THE OSTRAU-KARWIN COAL-MINE DISTRICT EACH MONTH DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1901.

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July, Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov., Dec., Jan., Feb., Mar., Apr., May, June, age Occupations. 1900. 1900. 1900. 1900. 1900. 1900. 1901. 1901. 1901. 1901. 1901. 1901. for

Below ground:
Mine bosses,
foremen, etc..
Enginemen..
Miners

Trammers

Helpers.

Total

year.

407 410 410 408 410 410 401 399 397 394 391 389 403 104 104 104 104 104 103 104 104 103 104 106 107 104 12, 618 12, 647 12, 700 12, 700 12, 716 12, 721 12, 802 12, 914 12, 876 12, 757 12, 692 12, 443 12, 716 7,545 7,642 7,815 8,298 8,820 8, 979 9,200 9,272 9,284 9,096 9,119 8,959 8,669 3,693 3,777 3,884 4,208 4,527 4,657 5,069 5, 195 5, 306 5,278 5,350 5,266 4,684 24, 367 24, 580 24, 913 25, 718 26, 577 26, 870 27,576 27, 884 27,966 27, 629 27, 658 27, 164 26, 576

Above ground:

Total

Foremen, etc... 147 148 150 158 162 160 161 162 161 1615 165 167 158 Enginemen.. 894 894 900 903 895 896 906 904 910 906 894 889 900 Skilled workers. 1,926 1, 954 1,961 1,994 2,010 2,016 2,048 2,052 2,074 2,090 2,112 2,110 2,028 Laborers, male. 2,771 2,780 2,837 2,910 2,976 2,992 2,997 3, 130 3,170 3,159 3,207 3,190 3,010 Laborers, female 2, 123 2, 149 2, 131 2,165 2,226 2, 203 2,311 2,315 2,393 2,357 2,372 2,292 2,253 7,861 7,925 7,979 8,130 8,269 8,267 8, 423 8,563 8,708 8,673 8,750 8,648 8,349

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An examination of the foregoing table shows that from July, 1900, to March, 1901, inclusive, there was a steady increase each month in the total number of employees, the total increase in the nine months being equal to 13.8 per cent. During the succeeding 3 months the number fluctuated somewhat. In April there was a decline of 1 per cent, in May a slight increase of 0.3 per cent, and in June a decrease of 1.6 per cent.

The following two tables show the average gross earnings and wage deductions of coal-mine workers in this district and the number of shifts worked during the year ending June 30, 1901:

AVERAGE GROSS EARNINGS, WAGE DEDUCTIONS, AND NET EARNINGS, PER EMPLOYEE, OF COAL-MINE WORKERS IN THE OSTRAU-KARWIN COAL-MINE DISTRICT DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1901.

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AVERAGE GROSS EARNINGS, WAGE DEDUCTIONS, AND NET EARNINGS, PER EMPLOYEE, OF COAL-MINE WORKERS, IN THE OSTRAU-KARWIN COAL-MINE DISTRICT DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1901-Continued.

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SHIFTS WORKED BY COAL-MINE WORKERS IN THE OSTRAU-KARWIN COAL-MINE DISTRICT DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1901.

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Of the 35,812 coal-mine workers employed on June 30, 1901, 25,757, or 71.9 per cent, were piece or contract workers, and 10,055, or 28.1 per cent, were paid by the shift. Of the underground workers 93.5 per cent were pieceworkers, and of the surface workers 69.3 per cent were paid by the shift, the piece workers predominating below and the time workers above ground.

The hours of labor of underground mine workers are regulated by the law of June 21, 1884, which provides that the duration of the shift

shall not exceed 12 hours, while the actual working time shall not exceed 10 hours. In this coal-mine district it was found that of the 38 mines investigated, the length of the shift worked by each individual worker was 8 hours in 2 mines, including the time for descending, but exclusive of that required for ascending, the shifts beginning at 6 a. m., 2 p. m., and 10 p. m. In 4 mines the regular working shifts of all mine workers-that is, the time between which the first man arrived and the last man departed-was 10 hours per day, including time for descending and ascending, the hours being from 6 a. m. to 4 p. m. and from 6 p. m. to 4 a. m. In the remaining 32 mines the length of the shift for each individual mine worker, including time for descending and ascending, was 10 hours, the day shift in 24 mines beginning at 6 a. m. and ending at 4 p. m. and the night shift beginning at 6 p. m. and ending at 4 a. m., while in 8 mines the day shifts were the same but the night shifts were from 4 p. m. to 2 a. m. In individual cases, however, mine workers at certain classes of difficult or straining occupations were found to work only 8 hours, even though the customary shift was 10 hours.

The hours of labor of surface workers were mostly 12 per day, with an intermission of 2 hours. Persons employed in handling the coal at the mouth of the pit, such as wheelers, screeners, and loaders, worked 10 hours without intermission. Enginemen and firemen employed above ground at the pumping, ventilating, compressing, and electrical machinery worked 8 hours per day in a number of the mines, but hoisting engineers as a rule worked 8 hours per day. There was no overtime worked at any of the mines in the Ostrau-Karwin district during the year.

COKE. The data relating to coke workers cover 8 establishments, employing an average of 2,287 persons. The statistical presentation is analogous to that relating to coal-mine workers, and shows in various combinations the number of employees, the number of shifts worked, the wages, and the earnings of employees. The following table shows, by occupations, the actual number of coke workers employed in the entire district during each month, and the average number for the entire period from July 1, 1900, to June 30, 1901:

ACTUAL NUMBER OF COKE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN THE OSTRAU-KARWIN COAL-MINE DISTRICT EACH MONTH DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1901.

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Occupation.

July, Aug., Sept., Oct.. Nov., Dec., Jan., Feb., Mar., Apr., May, June, age 1900. 1900, 1900, 1900. 1900. 1900. 1901. 1901. 1901. | 1901. | 1901. 1901. for

year.

Foremen, etc..
Enginemen

17

17

119

120

Skilled workers

161

Furnace men

981 988

992

Laborers, male

Laborers, female.

17 17 17 17
115 117 118 118
151 154 150 155 161
978 980 987
618 620 634 678 706 705
287 i
275 273 272 276 277 303 316 317 317 318 311

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Total

2,166 2, 163 2, 179 2, 221 2,267 2,272 2,310 2,358 2,373 2,381 2,406 2,348

2,287

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