OUTLINE OF EACH YEAR.

Ideals of form come from Observation, they lead to Expression, and may be combined into new forms by Invention or Design.

FIRST YEAR.

Ten minutes daily, using slates and blackboard.

OBSERVATION of the forms of objects in each year, by eye and hand.

Expression.

Employing Construction, Drawing, and Language.

GENERAL FORM OF OBJECTS. Sphere, Cube, Cylinder, Square Prism, Triangular Prism. Teach objectively as wholes. Construct each of clay. Observation and expression further developed by moulding simple objects based on them; as an orange, dice, stick of candy, etc. From the objects first used teach the common qualities of form, viz.: SURFACE, plane and curved; LINE, and POINT.

Commence teaching and representing the details of these qualities from models and objects.

I. POINTS: Position,-Centre, Above, Below, Right, Left.

II. LINES: Direction,—Straight, Curved; Position,-Vertical, Horizontal, Oblique; Relation,-Parallel, Perpendicular, Inclined; Color,-Light, Dark. Dividing into halves and fourths.

III. ANGLES: Right, Acute, Obtuse.

Objects and figures containing the above should be drawn.

Invention.

Optional. If taught, to be similar to that of the second primary year.

SECOND YEAR.

Fifteen minutes daily, using slates, paper, and blackboard.

Review work of the first primary year, including moulding.

Expression.

Employing Construction, Drawing, and Language.

From the following models:-Triangular Prism, Square Prism, Pyramids, etc., teach:

IV. TRIANGLE: Right-Angled, Isosceles, Equilateral.

V. SQUARE: Diagonals, Diameters.

Judging, Measuring, Dividing, and Ruling Distances.

Draw SINGLE FREEHAND WORKING VIEWS of models, objects, and ornament, illustrating the above plane figures. Construct them of clay, paper, wood, etc. Substitute paper for the slate during the last half of the year.

Invention.

PRINCIPLES. Symmetry, Repetition, and Alternation.

MATERIALS. Sticks, colored paper Triangles, Squares, etc.

Teach pupils to arrange the materials so as to express the principles. Subse quently replace the materials by lines. Tracing around units allowed.

The materials may also be used to represent various objects, as house, ship, etc. Teach the names of colors represented by the sticks and papers, and cultivate a taste for beautiful combinations.

Combine at times, in the same lesson, form, drawing, invention, color, arithmetic, language, etc.

THIRD YEAR.

Thirty minutes three times a week, using paper and blackboard.

The first exercises review the work of previous grades, in order that special attention may be given to the proper use of paper and pencil.

Expression.

Employing Construction, Drawing, and Language.

From Models and Objects teach:

VII. CIRCLE: Semi-circle, Quadrant, Circumference, Diameter, Radius.
VIII. ELLIPSE: Long Diameter, Short Diameter, Foci.

IX. OVAL.

Draw SINGLE FREEHAND WORKING VIEWS of models, objects, and ornament, illustrating the above plane figures. Construct them from drawings, using wood, paper, etc. Compare the beauty of curvature illustrated by different forms.

Invention and Design.

PRINCIPLES. Symmetry, Repetition, and Alternation.

MATERIALS. Colored Paper geometric forms both simple and varied. When pupils create the variations of units, the arrangements are called designs.

Ruling allowed. In all grades teachers should be familiar with the principles of growth, contrast, repose, etc.

FOURTH YEAR,

Thirty minutes three times a week: using paper and blackboard.

Review the Circle, Ellipse, and Oval.

Draw SINGLE FREEHAND WORKING VIEWS of models, objects, and ornament, illustrating the above plane figures. Construct the plane figures, and objects based on them, of paper, wood, etc.

Design.

PRINCIPLES. Symmetry, Repetition, and Alternation,

MATERIALS. Conventionalized Leaves, Flowers, and Buds.
Ruling allowed.

In all work strive for beauty of form.

FIFTH YEAR.

Thirty minutes three times a week; using paper and blackboard.

Expression.

Employing Construction, Drawing, and Language.

From Models and Objects teach and draw:

FREEHAND WORKING VIEWS, single and combined, illustrating Plans and Elevations. Construct the models of paper, first making simple developments. These models will be useful in teaching Freehand Perspective.

PERSPECTIVE VIEWS, Freehand. The effects of foreshortening and distance explained in connection with drawing spherical objects, circles, cones, cylinders and objects based on them. Explain that in a Working View the eye is supposed to be opposite each part of the view represented. In Perspective Drawing the eye remains in one position.

PRINCIPLES. Symmetry, Repetition, and Alternation. Making arrangements on given main lines introduced. MATERIALS. Conventionalized Plant Form. Use ruler and tracing paper. Designs may be applied to objects, as pen-wipers, book-marks, etc., constructed by pupils. In this and the following years have pupils take "main lines" from good examples and clothe them with different material. Cultivate taste by comparing examples of good and bad design.

SIXTH YEAR.

Thirty minutes three times a week; using paper and blackboard.

Expression.

Employing Construction, Drawing, and Language.

From Models and Objects teach and draw:

WORKING VIEWS, Freehand and Instrumental, single and combined, Two views given to find a third. Marking dimensions. Simple sections. Construct simple objects from Working Views, especially models useful in Freehand Perspective. GEOMETRIC PROBLEMS, and their applications.

PERSPECTIVE VIEWS, Freehand. The convergence of parallel lines. Drawings made from the cube, oblong block, etc., and objects based on them.

Design.

PRINCIPLES. Symmetry, Repetition, and Alternation.
MATERIALS. Conventionalized Plant Form.

Use Rulers, Compasses, Tracing Paper, and Geometric Problems. Make more elaborate bisymmetrical arrangements, with and without outlines. Exercises may be planned in which designs are applied to objects constructed by pupils. Historic Ornament or Naturalistic Views of Plant Form occasionally. Use them as a means of cultivating taste.

SEVENTH YEAR.

Thirty minutes three times a week; using paper and blackboard.

Expression.

Employing Construction, Drawing, and Language.

From Models and Objects teach and draw :-

Working Views. Freehand and Instrumental, Single and combined. Marking dimensions. Advanced developments. Simple intersections. From measurement make full sized, and scale drawings; also encourage home construction from drawings of such objects as Lamp-shades, Picture-frames, Foot-stools, etc.

GEOMETRIC PROBLEMS completed.

PERSPECTIVE VIEWS, Freehand. General Review. Prisms, Pyramids, Plinths, and objects based on them; Groups, Tinting.

Design.

PRINCIPLES. Symmetry, Repetition, Alternation, and Balance.

MATERIALS. Conventionalized Plant Form and Details of Historic Ornament. Use Instruments, Tracing Paper, and Geometric Problems. Designs may be applied to objects constructed by children, such as Lamp Mats, Pin Cushions, Match Boxes, etc.

HISTORIC ORNAMENT OR NATURALISTIC VIEWS OF PLANT FORM, occasionally. In all exercises cultivate appreciation of the beautiful.

EIGHTH YEAR.

Thirty minutes three times a week; using paper.

Expression.

Employing Construction, Drawing, and Language.
From Models and Objects teach and draw:—
WORKING DRAWINGS. Freehand and Instrumental.

Instrumental work to em

ploy the T Square, Scale, Triangles, and Drawing Board. Practical illustrations of drawing applied in industrial pursuits, Sections, Intersections, and Developments. Continue to encourage home construction from drawings of useful objects; such as Boxes, Bird Houses, Tool Boxes, Brackets, Trays, etc.

PERSPECTIVE VIEWS, Freehand. Frames, Crosses, and objects based on them. Leaning objects, Groups, Tinting.

Design, Optional.

PRINCIPLES previously studied combined with those of Applied Design.
MATERIALS. Conventionalized Plant Form, Historic Ornament, Nature.

Design Wall Paper, Inkstand, Paper Weight, Hinge, etc. Occasionally have objects designed that may be constructed by needlework, etc. Miscellaneous ornament illustrating the highest forms of beauty.

Use Drawing freely each year in illustrating other studies.

ART EXHIBITION.

The Art Exhibition at Library Hall, in connection with the meetings of the Art Department, was one of the most attractive places during the meetings of the National Educational Association.

The hall was so crowded constantly that it was impossible to hold the meetings of the Department there.

The exhibition was planned and arranged by the President of the Art Department, Walter S. Goodnough of Columbus, O., and in some respects was the best ever held at a meeting of the National Association. The hall was a beautiful one, being built expressly for Art purposes. It was finished in hard woods, with nicely tinted walls and top light. The walls were hung with a fine collection of autotypes, and a large and excellent selection of casts, imported expressly for the building, filled all available places. A beautiful little stage, delightfully furnished, hung with fine draperies, and set off with several full length pieces of statuary, occupied one end of the hall.

The following cities and institutions were represented in the exhibition: The public schools of St. Louis, St. Paul, Cincinnati, Columbus, Cleveland, and Nashua, N. H., Cook County, Illinois, Normal School, and Tulane University, New Orleans.

ST. PAUL PUBLIC SCHOOLS.

On the south wall and table was an excellent exhibit from these schools. Work was shown from the eight primary and grammar and three high school grades. Drawings, showing work in construction, representation, and decoration, filled the walls, and on the table was a large and varied collection of objects, made by the pupils in connection with their study of drawing. The Primary pupils model of clay the geometric solids, and other simple, common objects founded on them. A great variety of simple designs were made with splints, sticks, shoe pegs, wire, and clay balls. Many designs and forms were made after the Kindergarten fashion, by folding or cutting of colored paper. Casts of natural leaves were made in clay in the study of conventionalism in design; and as an application in the study of construction, pupils were required as home work, to make some object of their own selection, different from those in the drawing books. There were bedsteads, book cases, chairs, sleds, guitars, banjos, and a great variety of tools, implements, and utensils. Miss Ada M. Laughlin, Supervisor of drawing in St. Paul, was in charge of the exhibit.