68 SEC. 31. No extra compensation shall be made to any officer, public agent, or contractor after the service shall have been rendered, or the contract entered into; nor shall any money be paid on any claim the subject-matter of which shall not have been provided for by pre-existing laws, and no public money or property shall be appropriated for local or private purposes, unless such appropriation, compensation, or claim be allowed by two-thirds of the members elected to each branch of the General Assembly.

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SEC. 32. Members of the General Assembly shall, before they enter upon the duties of their respective offices, take and subscribe the following oath or affirmation: "I do solemnly swear [or affirm, as the case may be] that I will support the Constitution of the United States and the Constitution of the State of Iowa, and that I will faithfully discharge the duties of Senator [or Representative, as the case may be] according to the best of my ability." And members of the General Assembly are hereby empowered to administer to each other the said oath or affirmation.

SEC. 33. The General Assembly shall, in the years One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, and One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, and every ten years thereafter, cause an enumeration to be made of all the [white] inhabitants of the State.

[Amended by striking out the word "white" at the general election in 1868.]

SEC. 34. The Senate shall be composed of fifty members to be elected from the several sensatorial districts, established by law and at the next session of the General Assembly held following the taking of the State and national census, they shall be apportioned among the several counties

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or districts of the State, according to population as shown by the last preceding census.

SEC. 35. The House of Representatives shall consist of not more than one hundred and eight members. The ratio of representation shall be determined by dividing the whole number of the population of the State as shown by the last preceding State or national census, by the whole number of counties then existing or organized, but each county shall constitute one representative district and be entitled to one representative, but each county having a population in excess of the ratio number, as herein provided of threefifths or more of such ratio number shall be entitled to one additional representative, but said addition shall extend only to the nine counties having the greatest popula tion.

SEC. 36. The General Assembly shall, at the first regular session held following the adoption of this amendment, and at each succeeding regular session held next after the taking of such census, fix the ratio of representation, and apportion the additional representatives, as hereinbefore required.

[Amended at general election in 1904.]

74 SEC. 37. When a congressional, senatorial, or representative district shall be composed of two or more counties, it shall not be entirely separated by any county belonging to another district; and no county shall be divided in forming a congressional, senatorial, or representative district.

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SEC. 38. In all elections by the General Assembly, the members thereof shall vote viva voce, and the votes shall be entered on the journal.

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Article IV. Executive Department`

SECTION 1. The Supreme Executive power of the State shall be vested in a Chief Magistrate, who shall be styled the Governor of the State of Iowa.

SEC. 2. The Governor shall be elected by the qualified electors at the time and place of voting for members of the General Assembly, and shall hold his office two years from the time of his installation and until his successor is elected and qualified.

SEC. 3. There shall be a Lieutenant Governor, who shall hold his office two years, and be elected at the same time as the Governor. In voting for Governor and Lieutenant Governor, the electors shall designate for whom they vote as Governor, and for whom as Lieutenant Governor. The returns of every election for Governor and Lieutenant Governor shall be sealed up and transmitted to the seat of government of the State, directed to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, who shall open and publish them in the presence of both Houses of the General Assembly.

SEC. 4. The persons respectively having the highest number of votes for Governor and Lieutenant Governor shall be declared duly elected; but in case two or more persons shall have an equal and the highest number of votes for either office, the General Assembly shall, by joint vote, forthwith proceed to elect one of said persons Governor, or Lieutenant Governor, as the case may be.

80 SEC. 5. Contested elections for Governor or Lieutenant Governor shall be determined by the General Assembly in such manner as may be prescribed by law.

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SEC. 6. No person shall be eligible to the office of Governor or Lieutenant Governor who shall not have been a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the State, two

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years next preceding the election, and attained the age of thirty years at the time of said election.

SEC. 7. The Governor shall be commander in chief of the militia, the army, and navy of this State.

83 SEC. 8. He shall transact all executive business with the officers of government, civil and military, and may require information in writing from the officers of the executive department upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices.

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SEC. 9. He shall take care that the laws are faithfully executed.

85 SEC. 10. When any office shall, from any cause, become vacant, and no mode is provided by the Constitution and laws for filling such vacancy, the Governor shall have power to fill such vacancy, by granting a commission, which shall expire at the end of the next session of the General Assembly, or at the next election by the people.

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SEC. 11. He may, on extraordinary occasions, convene the General Assembly, by proclamation, and shall state to both Houses, when assembled, the purpose for which they shall have been convened.

SEC. 12. He shall communicate, by message, to the General Assembly, at every regular session, the condition of the State, and recommend such matters as he shall deem expedient.

SEC. 13. In case of disagreement between the two Houses with respect to the time of adjournment, the Governor shall have power to adjourn the General Assembly to such time as he may think proper; but no such adjournment shall be beyond the time fixed for the regular meeting of the next General Assembly,

SEC. 14. No person shall, while holding any office under the authority of the United States, or this State, execute the office of Governor, or Lieutenant Governor, except as herein after expressly provided.

90 SEC. 15. The official term of the Governor and Lieutenant Governor shall commence on the second Monday of January after their election, and continue for two years and until their next successors are elected and qualified. The Lieutenant Governor, while acting as Governor, shall receive the same pay as provided for Governor; and while presiding in the Senate, shall receive as compensation therefor the same mileage and double the per diem pay provided for a Senator, and none other.

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SEC. 16. The Governor shall have power to grant reprieves, commutations, and pardons, after conviction, for all offenses except treason and cases of impeachment, subject to such regulations as may be provided by law. Upon conviction for treason, he shall have power to suspend the execution of the sentence until the case shall be reported to the General Assembly at its next meeting, when the General Assembly shall either grant a pardon, commute the sentence, direct the execution of the sentence, or grant a further reprieve. He shall have power to remit fines and forfeitures, under such regulations as may be prescribed by law; and shall report to the General Assembly, at its next meeting, each case of reprieve, commutation, or pardon granted, and the reason therefor; and also all persons in whose favor remission of fines and forfeitures shall have been made, and the several amounts remitted. SEC. 17. In case of the death, impeachment, resignation, removal from office, or other disabilities of the Governor, the powers and duties of the office for the residue of the term, or until he shall be acquitted, or the disability removed, shall devolve on the Lieutenant Governor.

SEC. 18. The Lieutenant Governor shall be President of the Senate, but shall only vote when the Senate is equally divided; and in case of his absence or impeachment, or when he shall exercise the office of Governor, the Senate shall choose a President pro tempore.