7. Fraud or breach of trust by a bailee, banker, agent, factor, trustee or other person acting in a fiduciary capacity or director or member or officer of any company, when such act is made criminal by the laws of both countries and the amount of money or the value of the property misappropriated is not less than two hundred dollars ($200) or forty pounds sterling (£40.)

8. Perjury; subornation of perjury.

9. Rape; abduction; kidnapping.

10. Willful and unlawful destruction or obstruction of railroads which endangers human life.

11. Crimes committed at sea:

(a.) Piracy, by the law of nations;

(b.) Revolt, or conspiracy to revolt, by two or more persons on board a ship on the high seas, against the authority of the Master; (c.) Wrongfully sinking or destroying a vessel at sea, or attempting to do so;

(d.) Assaults on board a ship on the high seas with intent to do grievous bodily harm.

12. Crimes and offenses against the laws of both countries for the suppression of slavery and slave-trading.

Extradition is also to take place for participation in any of the crimes and offenses mentioned in this treaty, provided such participation may be punished in the United States as a felony, and in the Orange Free State by imprisonment at hard labor.

ARTICLE III.

Requisitions for surrender of fugitives from justice shall be made by the diplomatic agents of the contracting parties, or in the absence of these from the country or its seat of government may be made by the superior consular officers.

If the person whose extradition is requested shall have been convicted of a crime or offense, a duly authenticated copy of the sentence of the court in which he was convicted, or if the fugitive is merely charged with crime, a duly authenticated copy of the warrant of arrest in the country where the crime has been committed, and of the depositions or other evidence upon which such warrant was issued, shall be produced.

The extradition of fugitives under the provisions of this Treaty shall be carried out in the United States and in the Orange Free State, respectively, in conformity with the laws regulating extradition for the time being in force in the state on which the demand for surrender is made.

ARTICLE IV.

Where the arrest and detention of a fugitive are desired on telegraphic or other information in advance of the presentation of formal proofs, the proper course in the United States shall be to apply to the judge or other magistrates authorized to issue warrants of arrest in extradition cases, and present a complaint on oath, as provided by the Statutes of the United States.

In the Orange Free State the proper course shall be to apply to the Foreign Office, which will immediately cause the necessary steps to be taken in order to secure the provisional arrest and detention of the fugitive.

The provisional detention of a fugitive shall cease and the prisoner be released, if a formal requisition for his surrender, accompanied by the necessary evidence of his criminality, has not been produced, under the stipulations of this Treaty, within two months from the date of his provisional arrest or detention.

ARTICLE V.

In no case shall the nationality of the person accused be an impediment to his extradition, under the conditions stipulated by the present Treaty, but neither Government shall be bound to deliver its own citizens for extradition under this Convention; but either shall have the power to deliver them up, if, in its discretion, it be deemed proper to do so.

ARTICLE VI.

A fugitive criminal shall not be surrendered if the offense in respect of which his surrender is demanded be of a political character, or if it shall be made to appear that the requisition for his surrender has, in fact, been made with a view to try or punish him for an offense of a political character.

No person surrendered by either of the high contracting parties to the other shall be triable or tried or be punished for any political crime or offense, or for any act connected therewith, committed previously to his extradition.

If any question shall arise as to whether a case comes within the provisions of this article, the decision of the authorities of the government on which the demand for surrender is made, or which may have granted the extradition shall be final.

ARTICLE VII.

Extradition shall not be granted, in pursuance of the provisions of this Treaty, if legal proceedings or the enforcement of the penalty for the act committed by the person claimed has become barred by limitation, according to the laws of the country to which the requisition is addressed.

ARTICLE VIII.

No person surrendered by either of the high contracting parties to the other shall, without his consent, freely granted and publicly declared by him, be triable or tried or be punished for any crime or offense committed prior to his extradition, other than that for which he was delivered up, until he shall have an opportunity of returning to the country from which he was surrendered.

ARTICLE IX.

All articles seized which are in the possession of the person to be surrendered at the time of his apprehension, whether being the proceeds of the crime or offense charged, or being material as evidence in making proof of the crime or offense, shall, so far as practicable and

in conformity with the laws of the respective countries, be given up when the extradition takes place. Nevertheless, the rights of third parties with regard to such articles shall be duly respected.

ARTICLE X.

If the individual claimed by one of the high contracting parties, in pursuance of the present Treaty, shall also be claimed by one or several other Powers on account of crimes or offenses committed within their respective jurisdictions, his extradition shall be granted to the State whose demand is first received: Provided, that the Government from which extradition is sought is not bound by Treaty to give preference otherwise.

ARTICLE XI.

The expenses incurred in the arrest, detention examination and delivery of fugitives under this Treaty shall be borne by the State in whose name the extradition is sought: Provided, that the demanding Government shall not be compelled to bear any expense for the services of such public officers of the government from which extradition is sought as receive a fixed salary; and, Provided, that the charge for the services of such public officers as receive only fees or perquisites shall not exceed their customary fees for the acts or services performed by them had such acts or services been performed in ordinary criminal proceedings under the laws of the country of which they are officers.

ARTICLE XII.

The present Treaty shall take effect on the 30th day after the date of the exchange of ratifications, and shall not operate retroactively. On the day on which it becomes operative however, the extradition articles in the Treaty of December 22, 1871, between the two High Contracting Parties which has been denounced to take effect in January, 1895, shall terminate.

The ratifications of the present Treaty shall be exchanged at Washington as soon as possible and it shall remain in force for a period of six months after either of the contracting Governments shall have given notice of a purpose to terminate it.

In witness whereof the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the above articles and have hereunto affixed their seals.

Done in duplicate at the city of Washington, this 28th day of October one thousand eight hundred and ninety-six.

RICHARD OLNEY

[SEAL.]

CHARLES D. PIERCE. [SEAL.

OTTOMAN EMPIRE.

(TURKEY.)

1830."

TREATY OF COMMERCE AND NAVIGATION.

Concluded May 7, 1830; ratification advised and time for exchange of ratifications extended by the Senate February 1, 1831; ratified by the President February 2, 1831; ratifications exchanged October 5, 1831; proclaimed February 4, 1832.

(The text here printed is a translation from the original treaty, which was in the Turkish language. Differences of opinion as to the true meaning of certain portions have been the subject of diplomatic correspondence without reaching an accord.)

ARTICLES.

I. Trade privileges.

II. Consular officers.

III. Treatment of United States mer

chants and vessels.

IV. Judicial treatment of United States citizens.

V. Use of United States flag.
VI. War vessels.

VII. Navigation of the Black Sea.
VIII. Ships not to be impressed.
IX. Shipwrecks.
Ratification.

The object of this firm instrument, and the motive of this writing well drawn up, is, that

No treaty or diplomatic and official convention having heretofore existed between the Sublime Porte, of perpetual duration, and the United States of America, at this time, in consideration of the desire formerly expressed, and of repeated propositions which have lately been renewed by that Power, and in consequence of the wish entertained by the Sublime Porte to testify to the United States of America its sentiments of friendship, we, the undersigned Commissioner, invested with the high office of Chief of the Chancery of State of the Sublime Porte, existing forever, having been permitted by His very Noble Imperial Majesty to negotiate and conclude a treaty, and having thereupon conferred with our friend the Honorable Charles Rhind, who has come to this Imperial Residence furnished with full powers to negotiate, settle, and conclude the articles of a treaty, separately and jointly with the other two Commissioners, Commodore Biddle and David Offley, now at Smyrna, have arranged, agreed upon, and concluded the following articles:

Federal cases: Dainese v. Hale (91 U. S., 13; 1 McArthur (D. C.), 86), Dainese v. United States (15 Ct. Cls., 64).

ARTICLE I.

Merchants of the Sublime Porte, whether Mussulmans or Rayahs, going and coming in the countries, provinces, and ports of the United States of America, or proceeding from one port to another, or from the ports of the United States to those of other countries, shall pay the same duties and other imposts that are paid by the most favored nations; and they shall not be vexed by the exaction of higher duties; and, in travelling by sea and by land, all the privileges and distinctions observed towards the subjects of other Powers shall serve as a rule, and shall be observed towards the merchants and subjects of the Sublime Porte. In like manner, American merchants who shall come to the well-defended countries and ports of the Sublime Porte shall pay the same duties and other imposts that are paid by merchants of the most favored friendly Powers, and they shall not, in any way, be vexed or molested; on both sides travelling passports shall be granted.

ARTICLE II.

The Sublime Porte may establish Shahbenders (Consuls) in the United States of America, and the United States may appoint their citizens to be Consuls or Vice-Consuls at the commercial places in the dominions of the Sublime Porte where it shall be found needful to superintend the affairs of commerce. These Consuls or ViceConsuls shall be furnished with berats or firmans; they shall enjoy suitable distinction, and shall have necessary aid and protection.

ARTICLE III.

American merchants established in the well-defended States of the Sublime Porte for purposes of commerce shall have liberty to employ semsars, (brokers,) of any nation or religion, in like manner as merchants of other friendly Powers; and they shall not be disturbed in their affairs, nor shall they be treated, in any way, contrary to established usages. American vessels arriving at or departing from the ports of the Ottoman Empire shall not be subjected to greater visit by the officers of the custom-house and the Chancery of the Port than vessels of the most favored nations.

ARTICLE IV.

If litigations and disputes should arise between subjects of the Sublime Porte and citizens of the United States, the parties shall not be heard, nor shall judgment be pronounced unless the American Dragoman be present. Causes in which the sum may exceed five hundred piastres, shall be submitted to the Sublime Porte, to be decided according to the laws of equity and justice. Citizens of the United States of America, quietly pursuing their commerce, and not being charged or convicted of any crime or offence, shall not be molested; and even when they may have committed some offence. they shall not be arrested and put in prison, by the local authorities, but they shall be tried by their Minister or Consul, and punished according to their offence, following, in this respect, the usage observed towards other Franks.