they pointed out where he lived. Raven went to Kanu'gu's house and entered. He called him "brother-in-law," and asked for a drink. Kanu'gu said, "Water is very scarce. I can give you only a mouthful." Raven watched where Kanu'gu obtained the water, and saw that it was kept in a hole like a cellar in a strong house. Kanu'gu watched it all night, and slept by it in the daytime. When Raven had taken a mouthful, he went out and deliberated what to do. A shower of rain came, and Raven opened his mouth and caught as much of it as he could. He returned to Kanu'gu's house, keeping the water in his mouth. Kanu'gu spoke kindly to him when he entered, and asked him how he had fared. Raven said, "I feel very full and swelled out. I am full to the mouth with the water I have drunk." Kanu'gu asked him where he had obtained it, and Raven answered, "I found some in a certain place. There is much of it there. You are not the only one who possesses water." Raven then spit out the water he had in his mouth, and Kanu'gu almost believed him.

Raven said, "I will work for you, chopping wood and doing anything you wish, for my food." Kanu'gu agreed, and gave him tools with which to chop and split wood; and Raven cut and carried wood to the house. After working there a while, Kanu'gu became less suspicious of him. One day Kanu'gu was asleep, as usual, alongside the hole in which he kept the water. Raven went outside, collected some excrements, and put them under Kanu'gu, saying, "Brotherin-law, you have soiled your bed." Kanu'gu was ashamed, for he thought he had really done it. Raven said, "My mother was always wont to tell me, when I did anything like that, that it meant I would have bad luck, that some of my friends or relatives would die or leave me, or that something bad would happen." Kanuʼgu did not know what to do. Raven said, "I know a medicine. If you take it, no bad luck will come to you." Kanu'gu asked him what it was; and Raven said, "You must wash some distance away from the house with old urine. The Raven people do that, and wash one another." Kanu'gu asked him if he belonged to the Raven phratry; and he answered, "Yes." Kanu'gu then believed him, and, stripping off his clothes, asked him to wash him. Raven said, "You must open your eyes wide." Then Raven poured the urine over the head of Kanu'gu, who for a while could not see. Raven ran quickly to the house, and drank as much as he could hold. Then he burst the tank and let the water run out. Just then a voice from the sky called, "Kanu'gu, Raven is stealing your water!" Kanu'gu reached his house too late to save his water. The tank was empty, and he saw supp icating, and put their offerings or sacrifices in the fire or in the sea. When they pray to him, they turn seaward or to the west.

Raven flying away up through the smoke-hole. He threw pitch-wood on the fire; and the smoke went up so thickly, that Raven could not fly for a while, and stuck on the crosspiece in the smoke-hole. Here he was covered with soot, and became quite black; and that is the reason why ravens are black. Before this happened, Raven was white.1 Now Raven flew off and scattered water all over the country, saying, "Henceforth water will run here and there all over the country, and every one will have plenty of water."

3

(4) ORIGIN OF OLACHEN. - Raven now went to a village of people, and asked them if they had any olachen. They answered, "No, we have no olachen. It is in possession of a man who lives a little distance from here." Raven went to the house that had been pointed out to him, and entered. The owner believed that Raven was a distinguished person, and treated him hospitably. Plenty of food was placed before him, but very little olachen. Raven went out, and went to Sea-Gull, who had eaten olachen, and to Heron, who had also eaten olachen. He said to Sea-Gull, "Heron talks evil of you, and calls you bad names." Then he went to Heron, and told him that Sea-Gull called him bad names. Thus he caused them to quarrel. He told Heron he would help him fight Sea-Gull. Heron said, "I push back the heads of people when I fight, and break their necks. I have done that often." Heron attacked and fought Sea-Gull, and broke his neck. Sea-Gull then vomited up all the olachen that he had in his stomach, and Raven gathered it up and put it into his canoe. He also gathered up broken shells, and put them into his canoe to make it look greasy and as if covered with fish-scales. He also rubbed shells on his arms to make them look as if they were covered with fish-scales.

Now he went to the owner of the olachen, and entered his house. No one spoke to him. At last Raven said, "I am tired," and OlachenMan asked what he had been doing. He answered, "I have been working at olachen." The man inquired where he had found them; and Raven answered, "You are not the only person who has olachen. I have plenty at my place." Olachen-Man sent down some men to look at his canoe. They saw the olachen there, and what looked like the scales of fish all over the inside of his canoe. They came back and reported that the canoe must have been full of olachen. The houseowner then thought that Raven must be a great man, and that it would be better to treat him well. He placed before him as much olachen as he could eat. He took the precaution, however, of locking 1 See RBAE 31: 652. See also p. 208.

2 See p. 219.

* See BBAE 59: 291 (note 1); RBAE 31 : 653 (Bellabella, Haida, Newettee, Tlingit, Tsimshian).

him up in the house, intending to keep him until he had digested all the olachen that he had eaten; but Raven flew out of the smokehole and over to a tree near a stream. Here he vomited, and threw the olachen into the mouth of the stream, saying, "Henceforth olachen shall frequent the mouths of rivers, and all the people may eat them."

(5) ORIGIN OF DAYLIGHT.-At this time there was no daylight, or sun, moon, or stars. Raven went to a village and asked the people if they could see anything. They said, "No, but one man has daylight, which he keeps in a box in his house. When he takes off the lid, there is bright light in his house." The people could not work much, for it was night continually. Raven found out where DaylightMan lived, and went to his house. This man also had control of the sun, moon, and stars. Raven went into the house and came out again. He planned what to do to get daylight for himself and the people.

Daylight-Man had many slaves, and a daughter who had been a woman for three years, but she was still undergoing the ceremonies encumbent on girls at puberty. She lived apart in the corner of the house, in a room of her own, and was closely watched. She drank out of a white bucket every day, and she always examined the water before drinking, to see if there was anything in it. Slaves always brought the water to her. Raven changed himself into a cedar-leaf in the bucket of water the slave was bringing. The girl noticed it, and before drinking threw it out. He assumed his natural form again. Next day he transformed himself into a very small cedar-leaf, and hid in the water. The girl looked in the water, and, seeing nothing, she drank it all, and thus swallowed Raven. Mense sequente menstrua non habuit. Tribus post mensibus tumuit et ejus mater hoc animadvertit. Mater eam rogavit an persisteret menses habere et ea dixit eos non habuisse tres menses. Mater dixit, "Deinde gravida es et cum viro fuisti." Ejus parentes eam rogaverunt sed negativ se cum viro fuisse; and they could not see how she could have been, as she had been so closely watched. After nine months she gave birth to a Her parents said they would rear the boy and acknowledge him as their grandson, even if he had no father. They said, if she told who the father of the child was, they would agree that he marry their daughter, they would treat their son-in-law well, and all would be well; but she persisted in saying that she had never seen man.

son.

The boy grew very fast, and soon was able to walk and talk. His grandfather loved him dearly. One day he cried very much and wanted to be allowed to play with the moon. His grandfather ordered the moon to be taken down and given to him. The boy was

1 See RBAE 31: 641 (Anvik, Bellabella, Bellacoola, Carrier, Chilcotin, Alaskan Eskimo, Kaigani, Kodiak, Masset, Nass, Nootka, Rivers Inlet, Skidegate, Ten'a, Tlingit, Tsimshian).

pleased, and played with it until tired; and then they hung it up again. After a while he got tired of the moon and cried much, saying he wanted the sun. It was given to him; and he played with it until tired, then gave it back, and the people hung it up again. After a while he became tired of the sun, and cried for the Dipper (stars). Now they allowed him to play with these things whenever he wanted. After a long time, when he felt strong, he cried for the daylight. His grandfather was afraid to give it to him, because it shed so much light; besides, whenever it was lifted up, the sun, moon, stars, and everything worked in unison with it. It was their chief. At last, however, the boy was allowed to have the daylight, but his grandfather was uneasy when he played with it. When the boy lifted up daylight, much light would come; and the higher he held it, the brighter became the daylight. On these occasions, when the boy held the daylight high, the old man would say, "Eh, eh!" as if he was hurt or extremely anxious. The boy balanced the daylight in his hands to get used to carrying it.

At last, one day, he felt strong enough for the feat he intended to perform. He put two of the toys in each hand and balanced them. He felt he could carry them easily. Then, at a moment when the people were not watching, he flew out of the smoke-hole with them. He threw daylight away, saying, "Henceforth there shall be daylight, and people will be able to see and work and travel. After dawn the sun will rise; and when it sets, night will come. People will then rest and sleep, for it will not be easy to work and travel. Then the Dipper and moon will travel and give light. These things shall never again belong to one man, nor be kept locked up in one place. They shall be for the use and benefit of all people." He threw daylight to the north, the sun to the east, the moon to the west, and the Dipper to the south. Since the introduction of daylight, people and game rise with daylight, and go to sleep with nightfall.

(6) RAVEN AND THE SALMON.1-Raven travelled along the seashore. He knew of the salmon in the sea; and when he called them, they jumped out of the water. He thought he would try to catch one; so he went ashore on the beach, and called, "Come, friend, and jump on my belly!" The salmon jumped, and hit him so hard on the stomach that he was rendered unconscious for a time. When he came to his senses, the salmon was just about to enter the water again. He did the same thing again, with like result. Then he built a corral of stones on the beach, and lay down in the middle of it. Now he called for the third time, and the salmon struck him and again rendered him unconscious. When he revived, he saw the salmon jumping about in the corral, trying to get out. He clubbed and killed it.

1 See RBAE 31: 674 (Comox, Haida, Kwakiutl, Newettee, Tlingit, Tsimshian). MAFLS 11: 139 (Okanagon, Sahaptin, Sanpoil); also Tahltan (Emmons U Pa 4: 119);

Now Raven did not know how to cut up salmon. He defecated, and asked his excrements for advice.1 As soon as they began to speak, he held up his hand, and said, "Hush! I know." However, as soon as he began to cut the fish, he forgot what he had been told, and asked again. This happened many times in succession. At last, however, he listened to the end; and they said, "Make a cut around the neck to the bone, then around the tail the same way, then down the belly from one cut to the other. Take out the entrails and backbone, and then hang up until the skin is dry. Dry well. Then split well, spread out flat, and hang up to dry in the wind and sun."

(7) RAVEN CREATES THE SALMON, AND TEACHES PEOPLE HOW TO PRESERVE THEM.2 At this time salmon were numerous in the sea, but they did not go up the rivers. Raven said he would make salmon go up the streams. He took salmon-roe and flew with it to all the rivers and creeks, and put a salmon-egg in each. Now he said, "The salmon will breed and come back to these places again. These waters I will be the same as their mother's milk. The salmon must come back to them every year. The salmon belonging to one river or creek will always return to the same stream, because they were born there."

Raven now instructed the people how to make houses for drying salmon. Some of the people said, "Let us finish the house before we catch any salmon. If we catch salmon now, they will spoil before the houses are ready." They thought of houses like those people lived in. Raven said, "No, the houses we shall build do not take long to put up, only two or three days." He taught the people how to make salmon-drying houses of poles, like those used by people at the present day. He said, "If drying-houses are made too tight, like dwelling-houses, the salmon will not dry well." Raven taught the people how to catch, cut up, and cure salmon, and said, “Henceforth people shall have plenty of salmon for food. Salmon will be caught chiefly in the rivers and creeks during the periods of the run."

(8) RAVEN INSTITUTES BIRTH and Death. Now Raven thought of the people, how they died one at a time now and then, and that no children were born. They did not know how children originated. He thought that by and by there would be no people. He came to a village of Woodchuck people, et coepit cum virgine ludere. Cum pudenda ejus prehendit, ea fugit. She was afraid, for no one had ever done this before. He thought, "I will make this girl sick." Soon afterwards her leg swelled. He asked her if she was sick; and she showed him her leg, which was swollen. He told her, "I know 1 See BBAE 59: 294, note 5 (Chilcotin, Chinook, Flathead, Kaska, Kathlamet, Lillooet, Nez Percé, Okanagon, Shoshoni, Shuswap, Takelma, Thompson).

2 Distantly related to the end of RBAE 31: 671.

See Swanton, BBAE 39: 89 (Tlingit).