drew his fleet, and Lincoln returned to Charleston, which in its turn was soon to become the object of attack.

vicinity of New York, which preceded the march to Yorktown.

Thither Lincoln conducted the army, Sir Henry Clinton left New York the through New Jersey and Pennsylvania day after Christmas, but owing to the to the Chesapeake, and thence to Virtempestuous weather, did not reach the ginia. He commanded a division in mouth of the Savannah till the end of the field operations, and at length had a month. He approached Charleston his share of victory, of which fortune in February, but it was not till the be- had so often deprived him. He was ginning of April that he invested Char- appointed to conduct the fallen enemy leston on the land, and brought his to the field where they were to lay fleet into the harbor, passing Fort Moul- down their arms, and a proud recom trie, on Sullivan's Island, with mode pense for the day of surrender at rate loss. Everything was done for the Charleston-the same terms of capitudefence of the place, under the direc-lation were arranged for the reversed tion of Rutledge and Lincoln, but of what avail were a limited garrison, feeble earthworks, and a scanty armament, against the strong, well-appointed army of the assailants? It was a compliment to the gallant band of American defenders, that Sir Henry Clinton took time for his work, and went step by step through the regular approaches of an invested town, which he might have blown to pieces and overrun at any moment. The garrison held out to the last, at the peril of starving, and when resistance was no longer possible, surrendered. It was the 11th of May, three months after the first landing of Clinton's force in South Carolina, before he entered Charleston. This, under the circumstances, was praise enough for Lincoln. Lincoln was allowed in the capitulation to return to his friends on parole, which was terminated in November by exchange for General Phillips, who was captured at Saratoga. He was then employed by Washington in the recruiting service in Massachusetts, after which he joined him in the operations in the

parties as on that occasion. Lincoln, having thus partaken of the honors of the brief campaign, returned with his troops to the Hudson. He was next, in October, 1781, created by Congress Secretary of War, one of the new administrative offices which were substituted for the committees and boards with which the old Confederation had managed to struggle through the war. It was a post which required peculiar talents, and for which he was especially fitted, involving not merely attention to business, but many delicate duties. Lincoln discharged these faithfully, and was thanked by Congress, when he retired at the close of the war, for his diligence, fidelity, and capacity in the execution of the office, as well as for his perseverance, fortitude, activity, and meritorious services in the field.

He now retired to his farm and his private affairs, from which he was called, in 1784, to act as commissioner for his State in a treaty with the Pe nobscot Indians. Two years afterwards, he had a more delicate and

Having now been elected Lieutenant Governor, he was drawn into the political arena, where he was looked upor with disfavor as a Federalist by the dominant friends of the governor, Hancock, and thrown out of office in favor of Samuel Adams. Washington then

responsible duty to perform, in the command of the troops sent by Governor Bowdoin to repress the western insurrection in the State, known as Shay's Rebellion. It was a rude attempt of the people to throw off the burdens of debt and financial difficulty which were brought home to them interposed-for Lincoln stood in need with the depreciated currency at the close of the war, and was really a formidable rebellion. Again the prudence and courage of Lincoln were invoked, and again they were of service to the State. He marched to the scene of the insurrection in January, 1787, relieved Springfield, and, encountering the full hardships of the northern winter in the pursuit, in the course of which he made a famous night march of forty miles through a furious snow storm, captured and put to flight the main body of the rebels without bloodshed. He continued to follow up the remainder in Berkshire, and in the spring relieved the State of this oppressive burden of revolt.

Shay's rebellion was in time to teach the people of the country the need of a strong constitutional government. The agitation bore directly upon the great national question of the year, and though it furnished materials of dissent to the Massachusetts Convention for the ratification of the Constitution, yet, upon the whole, it strengthened the cause of law and order. Lincoln was too firm a friend of Washington, too well tried in the adversities of the Revolution, to be on the wrong side in such a question. He supported the measure, which, it will be remembered, was carried by a small majority in Massachusetts.

of interposition in the state of his affairs, and appointed him Collector of the port of Boston. He held this lucra tive office for twenty years-a satisfac tory reward for his long services. His quiet enjoyment of this post was twice interrupted by public employments, in 1789 to act as commissioner to treat with the Creek Indians on the frontiers of the Southern States, and again in 1793, on a similar mission to Sandusky, in what was then the West. His last two years, after the resignation of his office, were passed in retirement and feebleness. He was old and failing in health. Death brought him relief on the ninth of May, 1810, at the age of seventy-seven.

The military appearance of Lincoln is spoken of by his biographers. He was broad-chested and muscular, and, in later life, corpulent. His religious temperance and moderation were be yond praise. He had some taste for literature and science. He wrote out with care his observations of climate and the productions, and other matters of interest, of the distant States which he visited. Several of these papers are published in the Collections of the Massach isetts Historical Society, of which he was a member, as well as of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

ISRAEL PUTNAM.

ISRAEL PUTNAM, the redoubtable hero | then a literal application. Every child of Indian and French adventure in the in the days of our fathers knew the old colonial wars, the survivor of many story of Putnam and the she-wolf; they a Revolutionary fight, was born at Sa- read it in almanacs and in the dingy lem, Massachusetts, January 7, 1718. little newspaper, and in the elegant His grandfather, from the south of Eng- narrative of the accomplished Colonel land, was one of the first settlers of the Humphreys, who brought to it a skill place. The boy was brought up with in composition unrivalled even by his father on the farm. He had little Defoe, in his similar account of the tereducation in literature; much in the rors of Robinson Crusoe and the goat. development of a hardy, vigorous con- The elegant plausibility of Humphreys, stitution, in his contest with the soil and the minute particularity of his deand the actual world about him. He scription equally amuses and astounds. was fond of athletic exercises, an adept | A gloomy background is first laid in on in running and wrestling, in which he his canvas, of the not uncommon afflic proved himself more than a match for tions of a farmer's life in a new settlehis village companions. The story is ment, and a remote wintry region. told of his being insulted for his rus- Drought in summer, blast in harvest, ticity, on his first visit to Boston, by a loss of cattle in winter, are sepia tints youth of twice his size, when he taught spreading a pleasing horror over the the citizen better manners by a sound landscape. The formidable she-wolf is flogging. then brought upon the scene, one of a herd which had killed on the farm in a single night seventy-five sheep and goats, "besides many lambs and kids wounded." This female depredator is entirely too sagacious to come within gunshot, though her footprints may marked by the loss of the toes of one foot, vestiges of some chance encounter with a steel trap. Going about thus, mutilated like that fearful cut-throat, Three-Fingered Jack, her movements

Before he was of age, he was married to the daughter of John Pope, of Salem, and presently removed with his wife to a farm in the town of Pomfret, in eastern Connecticut. His rugged powers were no doubt sufficiently taxed in the ordinary labors of the field. In those days the farmer had enemies to encounter, which have since vanished from the land. The well known fable of Æsop, of the boy and the wolf, had

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