Schuyler now devoted himself with all his energy to the work of prepara tion for the opening campaign, and

unpleasant correspondence, growing ment seemed to be fully restored. In out of an intercepted letter, in which the conflict of authority with Gates he was charged by the Commissary which ensued, the extent of the NorthGeneral, Joseph Trumbull, with secret-ern Department was defined to include ing or suppressing a commission sent Albany, Ticonderoga, Fort Stanwix, for his brother, Colonel John Trumbull, and their dependencies, and its comas Deputy Adjutant General. Schuy- mand was assigned anew to Schuyler. ler deeply resented the charge, calling This disappointed Gates, who now left upon Congress to decide between the Ticonderoga to push his interests with utterer of it and himself, by dismissing Congress at Philadelphia. General St. one of them from the service, that he Clair was placed in charge of his post. might be "upon a footing to do what the laws of honor, and a regard to his own reputation, rendered indispensably necessary." Schuyler also addressed a particularly to the defence of Ticonremonstrance to Congress, in February, deroga, which needed extraordinary 1777, on the dismissal, without con- efforts for its support. He had colsulting him, of an army physician, in lected men and supplies, and was on whose appointment he had interested his way with a considerable force to himself. As these complaints received strengthen the place, when he was met no attention, he reminded Congress that it had failed in what he conceived to be a duty to him. That body, in return, rebuked him for the tone of his epistles. This occurred in March; in April he himself took his seat as a member of Congress, and demanded an investigation of his conduct in the army through the whole of his career. Meanwhile, he held a command at Philadelphia, and was actively employed in the construction of military works on the Delaware, and assisting the commander-in-chief. The report of the committee, which consisted of a member from each State, rendered in his favor, was highly complimentary to his military character and devotion, and drew from him a memorial in reply, in explanation of the remarks in his correspondence, so that his former gered posts on the Mohawk, and good understanding with the Govern- in correspondence with Washington,

on the way by the intelligence of its surrender by St. Clair. This unfortu nate event proved, as usual with the disasters of the war in this region, a new injury to the fortunes of Schuyler, who was in no way responsible for the circumstance. It found him in the midst of difficulties; the enemy was pressing on; there was imminent danger both from the north and west. The remainder of July and half the month of August were passed in extraordi nary efforts to collect troops, prepare defences, and meet the advancing army which was making its way from Canada under General Burgoyne. Schuyler had the roads broken up to impede the advance of the enemy, removed provisions from the route, dispatched Arnold to the assistance of the endan

In

whose masterly mind was fully dis-tary rewards of one of the most patriplayed in the military arrangements otic and laborious officers of the Revono less than in the moral courage with lution, who had just organized a great which he sustained the endeavors of victory for another. The self-sacrific. the defenders, he stood prepared for ing hero gets an acquittal; the medal the foe. At this movement, on the eve is struck for the chance comer. of the engagements of Saratoga, with military affairs the tulit alter honores victory, in a measure, already secured, has seldom received a more remarkable by his exertions, with Bennington exemplification. fought and won, he was superseded in General Schuyler, a few months after his command by Congress, by the ap- his character had been thus certified, pointment of General Gates. The old resigned his commission, and withdrew New England prejudice was still ope- from the army. He by no means, howrative against him. The manner in ever, abandoned public life. He again which Schuyler received the officer who took his seat in Congress, as a delegate came to pluck the laurels from his from New York, where his military brow afforded only a new proof of the experience in committee and other sterling nobility of his nature. He duties was of no little advantage. In cheerfully offered him every facility, 1780 he served on the committee apasking only the privilege of assisting pointed to confer with Washington on his country in a region where no man the needed reforms in the army-an had more influence, at this critical appointment suggested by the commoment. After the victory, his cour- mander-in-chief himself, who wrote, tesy to the officers of the captured" there is no man that can be more usearmy, to the Baroness Reidesel, and to Burgoyne, on whom, though he had suffered severe losses in the destruction of his property, by orders of that general, before his surrender, he bestowed all the resources of his ample hospitality, calls forth a distinguished word of praise from his ardent appreciator, Washington Irving. "This," writes he, "was indeed realizing the vaunted courtesy and magnanimity of the age of chivalry."

ful, as a member, than General Schuyler," enumerating particularly his "perfect knowledge of the resources of the country, the activity of his temper, his fruitfulness of expedients, and his sound military sense."

After the war was ended, General Schuyler was a member of the New York Senate, and employed in the negotiations of the State boundary line with Massachusetts. In the movements for the adoption of the Federal The following year, Schuyler again Constitution he was a zealous partici received the acquittal of a court sitting pant, and was chosen one of the first in judgment on his conduct of the cam- senators of the United States from New paign of 1777, "with the highest York when that instrument went into honor," and Congress approved the operation. He served until 1791, when verdict. Such were the negative mili- he was elected a senator of his native

State, and in that capacity particularly Society of the year 1828, thus spoke interested himself in the establishment of his distinguished merits in the counof companies for inland lock naviga- cil and the field. "If the military life gation, and may thus be regarded as of General Schuyler," he said, "was one of the fathers of the eminently inferior in brillancy to that of some successful canal policy of the State. others of his countrymen, none of them In 1797 he introduced to the Senate, ever surpassed him in fidelity, activity, and afterwards published in a pam- and devotedness to the service. The phlet, a plan for the improvement of characteristic of all his measures was the State revenues-a topic on which utility. They bore the stamp and he was much at home, from his unerring precision of practical science. fondness for arithmetical investiga- There was nothing complicated in his tions. He was subsequently returned character. It was chaste and severe to the United States Senate in 1797 as simplicity; and, take him for all in all, the successor of Burr. Failing health, he was one of the wisest and most however, soon compelled him to seek efficient men, both in military and civil repose in retirement at his hospitable life, that the State or the nation has mansion at Albany, where his last days produced." Of his more purely persowere visited by domestic affliction in nal traits, Chancellor Kent added: the loss of his wife in 1803, followed "His spirits were cheerful, his conver the next year by the fatal duel of his sation most eminently instructive, his eminent son-in-law, a pillar of strength manners gentle and courteous, and his to the household, Alexander Hamilton. whole deportment tempered with grace General Schuyler survived the event and dignity. His faculties seemed to but a few months, dying at Albany the retain their unimpaired vigor and 18th of November, 1804, at the age of untiring activity; though he had eviseventy-one. dently lost some of his constitutional ardor of temperament and vehemence of feeling. He was sobered by age, chastened by affliction, broken by disease; and yet nothing could surpass the interest excited by the mild radi ance of the evening of his days."

Of the character of General Schuyler we may safely adopt the judgment of one who knew him well, and whose praise was never lightly bestowed, the late Chancellor Kent, who, in his discourse before the New York Historical

DANIEL MORGAN.

An uncertainty hangs over the birth- | Ridge were indebted to the teamsters place of this gallant partisan officer of for their supplies and means of comthe Revolution. Indeed, very little is munication. It was a service which known of his early years. When he required strength and courage, and became celebrated, he appears to have Morgan was fully equal to both detaken little pleasure in such distant mands. His frame was of extraordireminiscences, and the track is too ob- nary vigor, and his manly spirit rapidly scure to be followed by the most zeal developed itself in this free, bold, fronous biographers. The latest and most tier life. authoritative, Mr. James Graham, gives the preference to New Jersey over Pennsylvania, as the State where he first saw the light. He decides that he was born in Hunterdon County, in the former State, in the winter of 1736. His parents, it is ascertained, were of Welch extraction, who landed in America at Philadelphia, and settled upon the Delaware: upon which side of the river they lived at the time of their son's birth is really of little consequence, since neither State could claim much from the man. He really belongs to Virginia, where he first appeared as a runaway from home, in his seventeenth year, a rude, uncultivated farmer's boy, seeking employment in the labors of the field in what is now Jefferson County. He had work in him, proved it to the satisfaction of his employer, and speedily rose to the responsible post of wagoner-for in those days the settlers west of the Blue

It was quite to be expected that such a man, on the breaking out of the French hostilities, and the arrival of Braddock, should be called upon for his services in the war. He was ac cordingly engaged as a teamster, and joined the British forces on their disas trous expedition against Fort Du Quesne. At the time of the defeat he was with Colonel Dunbar, who was following the commander with the heavy baggage. His duties, conse quently, did not call upon him to participate in the fight, though he had his share of the excessive labors of the campaign. A story is told of his prowess, which, as an indication of his career, may be worth repeating. His immediate officer in command was upon the point of engaging with a notorious pugilist and bully who followed the camp. "Captain," says Morgan, "you must not fight that man. It would be a disgrace for you to be flogged. I