necessary to strengthen the northern army, Colonel Morgan was ordered by Washington to join the forces of Gates, who received the gallant partisan with the attention due his merit and reputation. Nor was he disappointed of his expectations from the spirit of his command in the events that ensued. Morgan was employed in advance, watching the movements of the enemy, and was in action in the close fighting at Behmus Heights, rallying his forces, at the outset, to a charge which he led with great gallantry; afterwards bearing the brunt of the hard-fought field in the thickly sown ranks of death. Morgan was also prominent in the decisive second action, when, as usual, he was pushed forward to the advance. It was before the unerring aim of his riflemen, directed by himself, that General Frazer fell. At the beginning and close of the day, he was in the thickest of the fight, skillful in his dispositions and invincible in arms. At a moment when his men were scattered, he was found by General Wilkinson alone with two men summoning his dispersed followers with a turkey-call at his lips. The faithful fellows recognized the signal and started up from unseen quarters to hasten to their chief.

The splendid victory of that day is sullied in history by the use to which it was turned, in the efforts of Gates to supplant Washington in the command. The battle was hardly over before Morgan was approached by that officer with suggestions of disaffection to the commander-in-chief. The gallant Virginian was the last man to whom the overture should have been addressed.

"I will serve," said he, "under no other man but Washington."

Morgan returned to the headquarters of the army in Pennsylvania, where he speedily found employment against the enemy, distinguishing himself in the engagement at Chestnut Hill. In the brilliant campaign of the following year, 1778, he was still with the army of Washington, rendering signal ser vice at various points. To follow all his movements would be to write the history of the war. We must pass over his occupations in the central portions of the country, to his retirement to Virginia in ill health, in 1780, from which he was recalled to take com mand in the southern campaign under Gates, to whom he had now become reconciled. Joining Gates at Hillsborough, in North Carolina, in the autumn, after the retreat from the dis astrous field at Camden, he was advised there of his promotion by Congress to the rank of brigadier-general.

The hero of Saratoga, condemned by the voice of the country for his management of the campaign, was now superseded in his command by General Greene, who came at the special solici tation of Washington, to redeem, if possible, the fortunes of the year. Arriving in North Carolina, he ar ranged his forces in two divisions for the defence of the country and annoyance of the enemy. One of these, embracing various companies of the army and the local militia, destined to occupy an advanced position to the west of the Catawba, and to operate in the rear of the enemy in their movement towards North Carolina, was assigned

to Morgan. He advanced into the natural defence of which was its ridges country from Charlotte, and took post of earth, with the corresponding depres in the vicinity of the junction of the sion, sufficient to shelter the reserve, Broad River with Pacolet. Lt. Col. and a growth of pines over its surface. Washington, of the South Carolina There was no protection on the sides, service, with a regiment of light dra- and near by, in the rear, was the Broad goons, was under Morgan's command. River to cut off the retreat. Morgan On the arrival of the latter in the drew up his troops on the elevations appointed district, he dispatched Col. and in the rear. The first line of North Washington against a body of loyalists, and South Carolina militia was held who were laying waste the neighboring by General Pickens; Lt. Col. John settlements. The enterprise was gal- Eager Howard commanded the second, lantly carried out, and to avenge the embracing the Virginia militia, and Col. defeat and repair its consequences, the Washington was posted with the reformidable Colonel Tarleton was sent serve. In front of all was a body by Cornwallis, with a force of twelve of Georgia and Carolina skirmishers, hundred men, against Morgan. "If whose rivalry was profitably employed Morgan is anywhere within your by Morgan to aid the fortunes of the reach," was the language of the British day. While the British were preGeneral, in issuing his orders, "I should paring for action, the American comwish you to push him to the utmost." mander was addressing his men, espe It was arranged that both should act cially stimulating the pride and raising in concert against the force of the the courage of the militia. The skir Virginian. An easy victory was pro- mishers having done their duty and bably anticipated. If so, calculation retired, Tarleton advanced under cover had not been made upon the man with of his artillery, to the line of Pickens' whom they had to deal. In the en- militia, which received him with a gagement which followed, known as steady fire, retreating to shelter accordthe battle of the Cowpens, the whole ing to orders. The British officer then force of the Americans, which was led pushed forward to the second line, by some of the most gallant officers of where he was met with great spirit. South Carolina, distinguished itself At the same time, a movement of his nobly. Tarleton, accustomed to vic- cavalry was repulsed by the reserve. tory, was pushing rapidly on in his Tarleton then ordered a general moveusual manner, driving, as he thought, ment. There were several fluctuations the enemy before him, when, after an in the battle retrieved by the military early march of five hours, on the morn- manoeuvres of Morgan, and the gallant ing of the seventeenth of January, 1781, bayonet charge of Howard, which deat eight o'clock, he came upon Morgan's cided the day. Tarleton escaped with a force, drawn up under arms, ready for party of his cavalry to Cornwallis, who the attack. The American General received a fugitive instead of taking part had chosen a piece of ground, the only in a victory. The British force was su

mained in quiet, profiting by the care of home, till he was summoned to aid in the defence of his State, which had now become the theatre of active hos tilities. Morgan again succeeded in assembling a force of riflemen, with whom he joined Lafayette. He participated in the defensive movements, which were terminated by the surren der at Yorktown, though ill-health prevented his sharing in the triumph of this final catastrophe of his old enemy.

After the war, he passed his time at home, engaged in the business of his farm, and the care of a large landed

perior by about one-third to that of the Americans; they had the advantage of two field-pieces as well as in cavalry and in picked troops, against a body largely composed of militia. "Our loss," says Morgan, in his dispatch to General Greene, "is very inconsiderable, not having more than twelve killed and sixty wounded. The enemy's loss was ten commissioned officers killed, and upwards of one hundred rank and file; two hundred wounded; twenty-nine commissioned officers and more than five hundred privates, prisoners, which fell into our hands, with two fieldpieces, two standards, eight hundred property, of which he had come into muskets, one travelling forge, thirty-five wagons, seventy negroes, and upwards of one hundred dragoon horses, and all their music. They destroyed most of their baggage, which was immense. Such was the inferiority of our numbers, that our success must be attributed to the justice of our cause and the gallantry of our troops. My wishes would induce me to name every sentinel in the corps." This brilliant action, following upon the defeat of Camden, was received with admiration through the country. Congress, "impressed with the most lively sentiments of approbation," voted its thanks to officers and men, and a medal of gold, appropriately inscribed, to the commander.

Morgan continued in the field, in the rapid retreat to Guilford, an active service of this crowded era, but he was soon obliged to ask leave of absence to recruit his health, now much broken by a painful sciatica. Retirement was a measure of necessity. He consequently withdrew to Virginia, where he re

possession by grant and purchase. He was once more called into service by Washington, at the head of the Vir ginia militia, in the suppression of the whisky insurrection in Pennsylvania, when he marched with his command to Pittsburg. When resistance was over, he was judiciously employed in healing the remaining disaffection.

After his return, he was elected to Congress, as a representative from his district, in the federal interest, when he gave his support to the administration of Adams. He retired stricken with illness, before the end of his term. Though he continued to be afflicted with disease, which would have prevented his participation in active service, he was yet consulted by Washington in his arrangements, in 1799, for meeting the threatened war with France. His last days were given to religion. He was a devout member of the Presbyterian Church. His death took place at Manchester, Virginia, July 6, 1802, in his sixty-ninth year.

ANTHONY WAYNE.

THE grandfather of this spirited and may make a soldier," says the uncon efficient soldier of the Revolution, bear-sciously prophetic teacher, "but one ing the same name, emigrated to Ame- thing I am certain of, that he will never rica in 1722. He was English by birth, make a scholar. I must be candid had made Ireland his residence, where with you, brother Isaac," he concludes, he sided with William, the Protestant" unless Anthony pays more attention Deliverer, fought at the battle of the Boyne, and experienced, as he thought, the not uncommon ingratitude of princes. With this experience of the Old World, he turned to the New. Alighting upon Pennsylvania, he settled as a farmer in Chester County, where his grandson, Anthony, the subject of our sketch, came into the world on the first of January, 1745, “and a better new year's gift," adds his biographer, Headley, "fortune could not have presented to the nation." His father, a farmer, was for many years a representative of the county in the Colonial Assembly.

to his books, I shall be under the painful necessity of dismissing him from the school." The boy never would have made a good soldier if he had proved insensible to this appeal. He rallied his mental forces, made a fresh attack on the fortified camp of the sciences, and carried it by storm. He was sent to the Philadelphia Academy, which returned him to his rural county, in his eighteenth year, sufficiently qua lified to open a land surveyor's office.

At the close of the old French war, at this time, he was chosen, by a com pany of merchants of Philadelphia, to superintend a colonization scheme The young Anthony seems to have which they were putting into effect in had some rubs at school. We find his some land investments in Nova Scotia. preceptor, his uncle Gilbert, writing Benjamin Franklin was one of the to his brother Isaac, the boy's father, speculators, and it is said that Wayne, of his indifference to his studies, and then at the age of twenty-one, was inof his zeal for military amusements. trusted with this duty at the philosoHe neglected his books, and set the pher's special recommendation. It is school topsy-turvy with his redoubts not unlikely; for Franklin was an exceland intrenchments and skirmishing, lent judge of character, and quite likely out of which the boys came with to appreciate Wayne's good qualities. broken heads and black eyes. "He The latter appears to have continued