The next important point is to secure a uniform upward current. This can only be done by the application of some motive power. In certain states of the atmosphere there will be little or no action in the ventiducts; at other times there will be a downward current, which will fall like a cold shower bath upon the heads of the audience. In the French Chamber of Deputies the upward current is established by means of blowers carried by steam. In the British House of Parliament, heat is employed. This latter method will be usually most convenient and economical. In the Corinthian Hall in Rochester, in the Philadelphia High School, and in some other buildings, coal stoves employed. Shaw, of Boston, has patented a gas stove which seems admirably adapted to the purpose, which, at an expense of a cent and a half an hour, gives a heat equal to a ten-inch cylinder stove. Such a stove, placed in the tube between the ceiling of the audience-room and the roof, would create a very powerful and perfectly uniform upward current. Of course it must be accessible from the attic floor, and the danger of fire must be carefully guarded against.

are

A defect will be observed in the tubes in this church, the tube in the tower having a much less perpendicular height than the tube in the steeple. The tendency is, of course, to produce a downward current in the shorter tube to feed the upward current in the longer tube. It was hoped that this tendency might be overcome by an increase of heat in the shorter tube-a hope which has not as yet been fully realized. This difficulty will not occur if the tubes are carried out directly through the roof.

The third point mentioned, viz., the control of the force of the upward current, is fully secured by the use of gas, the flow of which can be regulated at pleasure.

The basement rooms in this church are emptied of foul air through the bespace tween the brick wall and the plastering. From this space the air is taken into a

horizontal tube two feet square which passes through the attic under the eaves and communicates with the perpendicular tubes in the tower and steeple. If a wide space is furred out, a tolerable ventilation can be secured for a lower story in this way. Tubes communicating directly with the roof would be much more efficacious. All these tubes above and below are closed in winter by slides.

These arrangements for ventilation are not by any means a model. They were made under peculiar embarrassments and were imperfect, simply because the means of making them better could not be secured. Imperfect as they are, however, their value can hardly be over estimated. A few hundred dollars devoted to this purpose will do more to give success to the preaching of the word than many thousands or even tens of thousands expended in finical decorations, or in operatic music, or even in pulpit learning and eloquence. The plainest principles of economy justify the outlay. The entire expense of the ventilating apparatus in this church was less than three hundred dollars. 1

1

Should any one undertake a similar experiment he should be prepared to encounter several difficulties. First, he will meet with indifference and opposition, and even ridicule, from the mass of those who are to be most benefited. Secondly, not one architect in a hundred will render him the least assistance,—a remark, it should be said, which does not apply to the architect of this church. Thirdly, builders will be sure to regard the whole thing as a humbug, and if not closely watched, will brick up his flues or floor over his tubes, or do some other careless or malicious thing which will frustrate all his plans. The price of ventilation is eternal vigilance!

1 The reader is referred to Dr. L. V. Bell's lecture before the Massachusetts Medical Society in 1848, and to the highly satisfactory experiments of Dr. Butler, at the Retreat for the Insane at Hartford, for a further understanding of these principles.

The architect of the building is Mr. Evan Burdick, of Norwich.

596.

This compilation embraces three sermons from the younger Jonathan Edwards; two from Dr. Smalley; a discourse from President Maxy, and two sermons from Dr. Emmons, all designed to illustrate the doctrine of the Atonement. Then follows

Dr. Griffin's more stately treatise, "An humble attempt to reconcile the differences of Christians respecting the extent of the Atonement"; Caleb Burge's "Essay on the Scripture doctrine of the Atonement"; ́and Dr. Weeks' "Dialogue" on the Atonement. It will be seen that, among these names are some of the best theologians and deepest thinkers which our country has produced. The specimens of their works here brought together have been too long before the public to require a critical notice of their contents now. Their republication by a Society whose object is to supply existing demands, is evidence that they have already stood the test of an ordeal more searching and severe than any mere booknotice or review,-they have been read and accepted by the Christian public. There may be slight diversities of judgment among good people in respect to some things here written, as we mark a difference also on minor points among the writers; but that there is a general agreement in these views by Evangelical Christians-certainly here in New England-we have never seen cause to doubt. The question, therefore, as to who should give the book an introduction to the reader, or whether any one should, has not the importance, in our view, which was attached to it, as we learn, by the Board. Each writer must, of course, stand on his own independent merits, and his production pass for just what it is worth in the estimation of a discriminating pub

lic-the writer of the Introduction and his performance along with the rest. Any other supposition reflects on the reading community, by placing too low an estimate on their capacity for independent thinking. Let us not be understood to express a feeling of indifference, with regard to Prof. Park's Introductory Essay of some seventy pages, on "The Rise of the Edwardean Theory of the Atonement," which the Executive Committee of the

Board of Publication adopted. Such a theme, discussed with such ability, can hardly fail to interest intelligent minds, whether published in the Bibleotheca Sacra, or as the first chapter in a volume like this. At the same time many, and perhaps a majority of those for whom the publications of this Society are especially designed, will read this volume with such an absorbing interest in its subject matter, as to care but very little what the so called "Edwardean Theory is, or whether in fact there be any such theory at all. In their hearts they will thank the Board of Publication, as we do, for putting forth such a precious volume, and we hope will be disposed to give it their generous patronage.

THE LIMITS OF RELIGIOUS THOUGHT Examined in Eight Lectures Delivered before the University of Oxford, in the year MDCCCLVIII., on the Bampton Foundation. By Henry Longueville Mansel, B. D., Reader in Moral and Metaphysical Philosophy at Magdalen College; tutor and late fellow of St. John's College. Boston: Gould & Lincoln. 1859. 12mo., pp. 364.

The object of this work-a production of much ability, -is to show that human reason is entirely unable to construct a scientific Theology independent of, and superior to, Revelation. The method of argument is, not to employ revelation in the discussion; but to prove, upon philosophical principles, themselves, that the fundamental conceptions, by "Rational Theology," of the First Cause, the Absolute and the Infinite, are self-destructive through the self-contradictions which every such con

ception involves; that thus we cannot start with any abstract conception of infinite Divinity, and reason down to the human; but must examine our own religious consciousness, which manifests itself within certain specified limits; that the conceptions of this consciousness are such as revelation in general and its several doctrines in particular, agree with; and that in revelation there are no difficulties not previously met with in philosophy. The result

is to show the utter worthlessness of "Rational" Theology by its own principles of argument, and to prepare the way for the positive evidence of the truth of the Christian faith. The ridiculous cant of the "Absolute Religion" is, in this work, demolished in a masterly manner.

ELOQUENCE A VIRTUE; or outlines of a systematic Rhetoric, from the German of Theremin, by Prof. Shedd. Andover: W. F. Draper, 1859. 2d edition, revised and enlarged.

That such a mind as that of Prof. Shedd should feel sufficient interest in this treatise to take the trouble of its translation, is, of itself, a guarantee of its substantial excellence, which the study of the work will confirm. It is not a work of surface suggestions, but of thorough and philosophic analysis, and as such, is of great value to the student, and especially to him who habitually addresses men on the most important themes.

Alford's Greek TESTAMENT, Vol. I. The Four Gospels. New York: Harper & Brothers. For sale by Messrs. Crosby, Nichols & Co.

This will take rank at once here, as it has in England, as the critical edition of the sacred original. In the most condensed and convenient form, it furnishes a complete critical apparatus; showing the discrepancies of the MSS. and furnishing the data for estimating the exact position of every disputed reading and doubtful passage. Brief, yet most useful comment is added on every page, while a very thorough collection of parallel passages is noted in the margin. In the admirable style of this reprint, and the varied excellencies of the work, little seems to be left for further effort in this department. Of course every clergyman should own and master the

book. Three volumes more will complete the design.

The PURITAN HYMN AND TUNE BOOK; Designed for Congregational Singing, Social Meetings and the Family. Third Edition. Boston: Congregational Board of Publication, Chauncy Street, 1859. 8vo. pp. 112.

vor.

The compilers of this book have aimed to adapt a limited number (366) of choice hymns, to a few (67) "simple, standard, and familiar tunes," such as have received the stamp of general use and popular faFor vestry and family use, we doubt whether a better compilation has appeared. For the "great congregation," an objection may be raised against the poverty of subjects or perhaps we should say the narrow range of hymns to which each subject is confined. Tunes that have given utterance to the praises of former generations, are blended with modern favorites, of which we notice a goodly number of Dr. Mason's, without which no compilation at the present day can be regarded as complete. great improvement in this third edition, is a supplement containing eight pages of Chants,-that early, and for many ages, only method of singing God's praise. The typographical execution of the work leaves little to be desired.

A

The First Records of ANGLO-AMERICAN COLONIZATION: Their History, by John Wingate Thornton. Boston: Gould & Lincoln. 1859. 8vo., pp. 12.

In a prefatory note the author says, "This tract discloses in our own National possession the twice lost manuscript Records of our origin, of perhaps more pregnant interest to us, as a people, than any document which England holds of her own primitive history." It appears that original documents, which "have not been used by our historians, and lying virtually unknown," have come to light, partly among the transmitted papers of "Nicholas Farrar, a London merchant," who was one of the most active adventurers in colonizing Virginia, and partly in other byplaces, which have providentially come into the keeping of our National Congress; and Mr. T. most pertinently asks, “Is it not our National duty to have them appropriately edited and published, with all that

the Archives of England contain respecting both the London and Plymouth Companies." It certainly is; and we hope the subject will not be permitted to subside till this duty is discharged.

A MEMORIAL OF THE SEMI-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION OF THE FOUNDING OF THE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY AT ANDOVER. Andover: Published by Warren F. Dráper. 1859. 8vo. pp. 242.

A full account of the celebration at An

dover, August 4th and 5th, 1858, prepared by Rev. J. L. Taylor, the Treasurer of the Institution, and sanctioned by the Trustees. This document is not only an excellent history of that occasion, and, of course, an invaluable historical sketch of the half

century then commemorated, but it is full of interest to the general reader. The previous state of theological education, the plans consummated in the union of distinct schools in theology, the lives of the founders, the results of the establishment of the

"race will be assembled, and judgment passed upon them," but as the constant rewarding of every man according to his works. "The Resurrection" is held to be the succession of the "spiritual body" to the " animal,” immediately after death.

These views the writer fortifies with an examination of Scripture passages, exhibiting great industry and remarkable clearness of expression, and by the theory that these ideas are in accordance with the established

laws of nature. The work is able and valuable, and deserves consideration; if it shakes anybody's faith, it is because their faith needs shaking.

THE BIBLIOTHECA SACRA for April (the July number has not yet made its appearance on our table,) contains I., Dr. Hickok's Philosophy;-II., Three Eras of Revival in the United States;-III., Philological Studies;-IV., On the Descent of Christ into Hell;-V., The Theology of

which has led us to read every word of the history of services at which it was our privilege to be present. The Commemorative Discourse by Dr. Bacon, and the addresses of Drs. Asa D. Smith, J. S. Clark, Haines, Withington, Dimmick, Rowland, Wm. Adams, Anderson, Badger, Budington, Stearns, Wayland, Blagden, Braman, N. Adams, Howe, Jackson, Stone, and Sears, Professors Brown and Park, Rev. Messrs. Waldo, Couch, Newton, Taylor, and Wolcott, and Messrs. Hubbard and Quincy, here make inestimable additions to our theological history.

ESCHATOLOGY; or the Scripture Doctrine of the Coming of the Lord, the Judgment, and the Resurrection. By Samuel Lee. Boston: J. E. Tilton & Company. 1859. 12mo., pp. 267.

of a Future Life;-VII., Editorial Correspondence ;-VIII., Notices of New Publications;-IX., Literary and Theological Intelligence.

Large as the promise is, which this table of contents makes to the reader, it is fully realized. We have often wondered that the conductors of this Quarterly should find themselves able to maintain the high rank which they took in the outset, and even to rise above it, as we think they have, in each succeeding volume. Such articles as the first and fifth, of the present numbernot to disparage others-are sufficient to secure, for any periodical that can afford them, a high place in the esteem of the public-and a generous patronage.

CLEVELAND'S COMPENDIUM OF AMERICAN LITERATURE, for sale by Messrs. Shepard, Clark & Brown, is a very fair and faithful resume of the treasures of the young literature which it unfolds. It is done in good taste, and not only without that servility to slavery which disfigures so much of our general writing, but is specially faithful to freedom. For this, and many other reasons, it deserves a large circulation, and will prove the standard in its department.