Analogical Reasoning: Perspectives of Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive Science, and PhilosophyD.H. Helman Springer Netherlands, 31. 7. 1988 - Počet stran: 428 In the last few years, there has been an enormous amount of activity in the study of analogy and metaphor. This is partly because of an interest of artificial intelligence researchers in simulating learning processes using analogy. It also arises from critical examinations of standard theories in the philosophy of language, with their inbuilt literal/meta phoric distinction. This volume consists of recent previously unpub lished work in this area, with a particular emphasis upon the role of analogies in reasoning and, more generally, their role in thought and language. The papers are contributed by philosophers, computer scientists, cognitive scientists and literary critics. Researchers in these fields whose focus is the study of analogy and metaphor will find much of interest in this volume. These essays can also serve as an introduction to some of the major approaches taken in the investigation of analogy. As noted, this volume brings together the work of researchers in several different disciplines. The various approaches taken with respect to the understanding of analogy tend to be rather different, however, the articles suggest a common conclusion. Analogy and metaphor pervade thought and language; their close investigation thus constitutes a valuable contribution to our understanding of persons. DAVID H. HELMAN Case Western Reserve University vii PART I CONCEPTUAL AND CATEGORICAL THEORIES OF ANALOGICAL UNDERSTANDING MARK TURNER CATEGORIES AND ANALOGIES I want to pursue the following claims: The way we categorize helps explain the way we recognize a statement as an analogy. |
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Strana 172
... objects also holds among the target objects . Thus an analogy is a way of noticing relational commonalties independently of the objects in which those relations are embedded . In interpreting an analogy , people seek to put the objects ...
... objects also holds among the target objects . Thus an analogy is a way of noticing relational commonalties independently of the objects in which those relations are embedded . In interpreting an analogy , people seek to put the objects ...
Strana 186
... objects unless they are implicated in relationships that are part of the causal structure being mapped . In fact , specific objects are never placed in direct correspondence at all . Instead , CARL's memory structures contain ...
... objects unless they are implicated in relationships that are part of the causal structure being mapped . In fact , specific objects are never placed in direct correspondence at all . Instead , CARL's memory structures contain ...
Strana 330
... objects and properties is equally probable . We now need to put constraints upon how the probabilities are ... objects to predicates relativised to background knowledge , and in particular we are given partial information about the ...
... objects and properties is equally probable . We now need to put constraints upon how the probabilities are ... objects to predicates relativised to background knowledge , and in particular we are given partial information about the ...
Obsah
MARK JOHNSON Some Constraints on Embodied Analogi | 25 |
P K SAHA Metaphorical Style as Message | 41 |
SMADAR KEDARCABELLI Analogy From a Unified | 65 |
Autorská práva | |
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abstract additional analogical reasoning analogy apply approach argument Artificial associated assume assumption attempt attributes base basic behavior called causal cause chromosome Cognitive common concepts conclusion connections consider constraints context corresponding defined described determination developed discussed domain example experience explanation expression fact Figure formation formula function genes Gentner given goal Hence human hypothesis idea identity important individual inductive inference initial Intelligence interpretation involved justification kind knowledge known language learning logical mapping match meaning metaphor nature objects particular possible predictions present Press principle probability problem solving properties question recognize relations relevant representation represented requires retrieval rules satisfy Science scientific semantic shows similarity situation solution specific statement structure studies subjects suggest target theory tion transfer understanding University variables