The Revolt of the Netherlands, 1555-1609

able accordance already Antwerp appeared army attempt authority became become Beggars Brabant Brussels called Calvinism Calvinists carried Catholic cause century Charles Church citizens civilization continued Council Count course danger Dutch enemy especially fact Flanders followed force foreign formed France French Friesland Gelderland German Ghent give Government Groningen Habsburg hand Holland and Zealand importance independence influence interests Italy John King lands language leaders less Leyden longer marched matter means Mechlin ministers movement natural Netherlandish Netherlands never nevertheless nobility nobles North northern once Orange organization Parma party peace period Philip political position possessed possible Prince Protestant provinces raised Reformed region religion religious remained resistance revolt rivers rule ruler seemed side soon South Spain Spaniards Spanish Stadtholder States-General subjects taken took town trade troops true Union Utrecht Walloon whole