navigation and commerce which natives enjoy.) "The subjects of the most christian king shall pay no other duties or imposts, in the ports, havens, roads, countries, islands, cities or towns of the said United States, or any of them, than the natives thereof or any commercial companies established by them or any of them shall pay, but shall enjoy all other the rights, liberties, privileges, immunities and exemptions in trade, navigation, and commerce, in passing from one part thereof to another, and in going to and from the same, from and to any part of the world, which the said natives or companies enjoy."

ARTICLE II.-(Reciprocal rights and privileges of American citizens in France.)-"The subjects, people and inhabitants of the said United States, and every of them, shall pay no other duties, or imposts, in the ports, havens, roads, countries, islands, cities or towns of the most christian king, than the natives of such countries, islands, cities or towns of France, or any commercial companies established by the most christian king, shall pay, but shall enjoy all other the rights, liberties, privileges, immunities and exemptions in trade, navigation and commerce, in passing from one port thereof to another, and in going to and from the same, from and to any part of the world, which the said natives or companies enjoy."

ARTICLE III. (France to retain same rights of fishery in Newfoundland banks and islands, as stipulated in the treaty of Paris, 1763.)-"His most christian majesty shall retain the same rights of fishery on the banks of Newfoundland, and all other rights relating to any of the said islands, which he is entitled to by virtue of the treaty of Paris."

ARTICLE IV. (France to protect U. S. vessels in her ports and on the high seas near her coasts; and to recover and restore ships taken in her jurisdiction; and her ships of war in convoy shall take U. S. vessels under convoy and protect them, etc.) "The most christian king shall endeavour, by all the means in his power, to protect and defend all vessels, and the effects belonging to the subjects, people or inhabitants of the said United States, or any of them, being in his ports, havens, or roads, or on the seas near to his countries, lands, cities or towns; and to recover and to restore to the right owners, their agents, or attorneys, all such vessels and effects, which shall be taken within his jurisdiction; and his ships of war, or any

convoys sailing under his authority, shall upon all occasions take under their protection all vessels belonging to the subjects, people, or inhabitants of the said United States, or any of them, and holding the same course or going the same way; and shall defend such vessels as long as they hold the same course, or go the same way, against all attacks, force, and violence, in the same manner as they ought to protect and defend vessels belonging to the subjects of the most christian king."

ARTICLE V.-(Reciprocal of IV.)-" In like manner the said United States, and their ships of war, and convoys sailing under their authority, shall protect and defend all vessels and effects belonging to the subjects of the most christian king; and endeavour to recover and restore them, if taken within the jurisdiction of the said United States, or any of them."

ARTICLE VI.-(Neither shall receive pirates into ports; but shall seize them, and restore property taken by them.)-"The most christian king and the said United States, shall not receive nor suffer to be received, into any of their ports, havens, roads, countries, islands, cities or towns, any pirates or sea robbers, or afford or suffer any entertainment, assistance or provision to be afforded to them; but shall endeavour by all means, that all pirates and sea robbers, and their partners, sharers, and abettors, be found out, apprehended, and suffer condign punishment; and all the vessels and effects piratically taken, and brought into the ports and havens of the most christian king, or the said United States, which can be found, although they be sold, shall be restored, or satisfaction given therefor; the right owners, their agents or attorneys demanding the same, and making the right of property to appear by due proof."

ARTICLE VII.-(France asked to protect U. S. vessels from the depredations of the Barbary pirates.)—“ The most christian king shall protect, defend, and secure, as far as in his power, the subjects, people and inhabitants of the said United States, and every of them, and their vessels and effects of every king, against all attacks, assaults, violences, injuries, depredations or plunderings, by or from the king or emperor of Morocco, or Fez, and the states of Algiers, Tunis and Tripoli, and any of them, and every other prince, state and power on the coast of Barbary in Africa, and the subjects of the said king, emperor,

states and powers, and of every of them, in the same manner, and as effectually and fully, and as much to the benefit, advantage, ease and safety of the said United States, and every of them, and of the subjects, people and inhabitants thereof, to all intents and purposes, as the king and kingdom of Great Britain, before the commencement of the present war, protected, defended and secured the people and inhabitants of the said United States, then called British colonies in America, their vessels and effects, against all such attacks, assaults, violences, injuries, depredations and plunderings."

ARTICLE VIII.-(If Great Britain declare war upon France, the United States not to assist Great Britain in any way.)-" If, in consequence of this treaty, the king of Great Britain should declare war against the most christian king, the said United States shall not assist Great Britain in such war, with men, money, ships, or any of the articles in this treaty denominated contraband goods."

ARTICLE IX. (France is never to possess any part of the North American Continent, nor the islands about the Gulf of St. Lawrence, the intention being that these shall belong to the United States.)-"The most christian king shall never invade, nor, under any pretence, attempt, to possess himself of Labrador, New Britain, Nova Scotia, Acadia, Canada, Florida, nor any of the countries, cities or towns on the continent of North America, nor of the islands of Newfoundland, Cape Breton, St. Johns, Anticosti, nor of any other island lying near to the said continent in the seas, or in any gulph, bay or river; it being the true intent and meaning of this treaty, that the said United States shall have the sole, exclusive, undivided and perpetual possession of the countries, cities and towns on the said continent, and of all islands near to it, which now are or lately were under the jurisdiction of or subject to the king or crown of Great Britain, whenever they shall be united or confederated with the said United States."

ARTICLE X.-(The citizens or inhabitants of neither nation shall fish in places possessed by the other.)-" The subjects, inhabitants, merchants, commanders of ships, masters and mariners, of the states, provinces and dominions of each party, respectively, shall abstain and forbear to fish in all places, possessed, or which shall be possessed by the other party. The

most christian king's subjects shall not fish in the havens, bays, creek, roads, coasts, or places which the said United States hold or shall hereafter hold. . . And if any ship or vessel shall be found fishing, contrary to the tenor of this treaty, the said ship or vessel, with its lading, proof being made thereof, shall be confiscated."

ARTICLE XI.—(If France gets possession of the British West India Islands, the people of the United States shall have the same rights there as are mentioned in Article II.)-"If in any war the most christian king shall conquer, or get possession of, the islands in the West Indies, now under the jurisdiction of the king or crown of Great Britain, or any of them, or any dominions of the said king or crown, in any other parts of the world, the subjects, people and inhabitants of the said United States, all and every of them, shall enjoy the same rights, liberties, privileges, immunities and exemptions, in trade, commerce and navigation, to and from the said islands and dominions, that are mentioned in the second article of this treaty."

ARTICLE XII. (No higher duties shall be imposed on exports from French West Indies, etc., to the United States than the lowest imposed on export to France.)-"It is the true intent and meaning of this treaty, that no higher or other duties shall be imposed on the exportation of anything of the growth, production or manufacture of the islands in the West Indies, now belonging, or which may hereafter belong to the most christian king, to the said United States, or any of them, than the lowest that are or shall be imposed on the exportation thereto to France, or to any other part of the world.

ARTICLE XIII. (No duties shall ever be imposed on the export of molasses from the French West Indies to the United States.) "It is agreed by and between the said parties, that no duties whatever shall ever hereafter be imposed on the exportation of molasses from any of the islands and dominions of the most christian king in the West Indies, to any of these United States."

ARTICLE XIV.-(Droit d'Aubaine.)-"The subjects, people and inhabitants of the United States, or any of them, being merchants and residing in France, and their property and effects of every kind, shall be exempt from the Droit d'Aubaine."

ARTICLE XV.-(Merchant ships to exhibit passports and certificates.)" The merchant ship of either of the parties which shall be making into a port belonging to the enemy of the other ally, and concerning whose voyage, and the species of goods on board her, there shall be just grounds of suspicion, shall be obliged to exhibit as well upon the high seas, as in the ports and havens, not only her passports, but likewise certificates, expressly showing, that her goods are not of the number of those which have been prohibited as contraband."

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ARTICLE XVI.-(Procedure in the case of contraband goods; free ships, free goods; ships may deliver contraband, and proceed.) If, by exhibiting the above certificates, the other party discover there are any of those sorts of goods, which are prohibited and declared contraband, and consigned for a port under the obedience of his enemies, it shall not be lawful to break up the hatches of such ship, or to open any chest, coffers, packs, casks, or any other vessels found therein, or to remove the smallest parcels of her goods, whether such ship belong to the subjects of France or the inhabitants of the said United States, unless the lading be brought on shore, in the presence of the officers of the court of admiralty, and an inventory thereof made: but there shall be no allowance to sell, exchange, or alienate the same in any manner, until after that due and lawful process shall have been had against such prohibited goods, and the courts of admiralty shall, by a sentence pronounced, have confiscated the same; saving always as well the ship itself as any other goods found therein, which by this treaty are to be esteemed free; neither may they be detained on pretence of their being, as it were, infected by the prohibited goods, much less shall they be confiscated as lawful prize. But, if not the whole cargo, but only part thereof, shall consist of prohibited or contraband goods, and the commander of the ship shall be ready and willing to deliver them to the captor who has discovered them; in such case the captor, having received those goods, shall forthwith discharge the ship, and not hinder her by any means freely to prosecute the voyage on which she was bound."

ARTICLE XVII.-(Neutral goods on board ships of the enemy subject to confiscation.)-"On the contrary, it is agreed that whatever shall be found laden by the subjects and inhabitants