5. And if any vessel be wrecked or in distress, and the captain or crew do not demand assistance, being in a situation to do so, and consequently the Malagasy do not save anything, the governor and people will not be responsible.

6. However, in case the captain or crew demand assistance, or are in a situation where making such a demand is impossible, and it is known that the governor did not do his utmost to move the people to save such vessel and cargo, he shall be punished according to the laws of Madagascar.

7. The same protection shall be granted to Malagasy vessels attacked or plundered in the waters of the United States of America.

ARTICLE IX.

1. American goods may be landed in bond to be reshipped to other ports without payment of duties, under the following rules:

2. When it may be desired to so land goods to be reshipped to other ports, the owner of the goods, or the consignee, or master of the vessel, as the case may be, shall present to the local governor, or to the collector of customs, as the governor may direct, a correct invoice or manifest of the goods so landed, showing values by detail when there are goods of different kinds, or of different values, and quantities of each and the total value.

3. The Malagasy customs officers shall verify by inspection the goods when landed with the invoice or manifest; then the owner, consignee, or master of the vessel, as the case may be, shall execute a bond payable to the governor or collector of customs, as may be directed by the local authority, conditioned to pay the established duties on such goods, or on such part of them as shall not have been reshipped within the period agreed upon, which period shall be mentioned in the bond as the date of its maturity. Then such goods may be stored on the premises of their owner or consignee, or in magazines rented by him for that purpose.

4. When he reships the goods, he will notify the party to whom this bond has been given to be present and again verify the goods with the invoice or manifest, when, if none are lacking, he will be entitled to the return of his bond, or if the goods or any part of them are lacking, he must pay the duty established by Article IV. on such as are not found and reshipped, which will equally entitle him to receive back his bond.

ARTICLE X.

Her Majesty's Government desires the development of the dormant resources of the kingdom, and the advancement of all the useful mechanical and agricultural industries therein, and thereby to promote the best interests of commerce and Christian civilization by adoption and application of such modern improvements and appliances as shall be suitable for such purposes and best adapted to the condition of Madagascar, and for the best interests of Her Majesty's people; and toward the accomplishment of these objects, should any United States citizens or protegés of good character, and possessing the requisite qualifications for the special business proposed, desire to engage in such industries in Madagascar by investment of capital or labor, or in teaching the people how to apply the modern improvements in the prosecution of the industries, their applications to the

government will be favorably received, and their propositions liberally entertained; and if they and the government can agree upon terms, they will be permitted to engage in such avocations by contracts, grants, commissions or salaries.

ARTICLE XI.

1. It is agreed between the high contracting parties that the levy of taxes on United States citizens, as hereinbefore provided for conditionally in Article III., section 13, shall never be at a higher rate than shall be levied upon Her Majesty's subjects for the same purposes and upon like values, except the special land tax hereinbefore provided for in Article III., section 12.

2. United States citizens and protegés shall not be deprived of any privileges relinquished by this treaty unless the same restrictions be placed upon the citizens and subjects of all other foreign nations residing in Madagascar, but shall enjoy all the privileges that may be granted to the most favored nations.

3. And Her Majesty's subjects while sojourning in the United States of America shall enjoy all the privileges conceded by the United States Government to the citizens or subjects of the most favored nation.

ARTICLE XII.

1. The above articles of treaty made in good faith shall be submitted to both the Government of the United States of America and Her Majesty, the Queen of Madagascar, for ratification; and such ratification be exchanged within one year from date of ratification at Antananarivo.

2. Should it at any future time seem desirable in the interests of either of the contracting parties to alter or add to the present treaty, such alterations or additions shall be effected with the consent of both parties.

3. Duplicate originals of this treaty, with corresponding text in the English and Malagasy languages, which shall be both of equal authority, have been signed and sealed at Antananarivo, Madagascar, on this thirteenth day of May (seventeenth of Alakaosy), one thousand eight hundred and eighty-one.

[SEAL.] [SEAL.]

W. W. ROBINSON,
United States Consul for Madagascar.

RAVONINAHITRINIARIVO,

15th Honor Officer of the Palace,

Chief Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.

In the name of Her Majesty Ranavalomanjaka, Queen of Madagascar, and by Her Royal Command and authority, We, Her Majesty's duly empowered Ambassadors Plenipotentiary hereby ratify and confirm the within treaty and every part thereof. March twelfth, 1883. [SEAL.] RAVONINA HITRINIARIVO, 15 Vtra O. D. P. Chief Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Chief Ambassador of H. M. the Queen of Madagascar.

RAMANIRKA,

14 Vtra O. D. P. Member of the Privy Council, Ambassador of

H. M. the Queen of Madagascar

24449-VOL 1-10-68

MASKAT.

(SEE MUSCAT.)

MECKLENBURG-SCHWERIN.

(SEE NORTH GERMAN UNION.)

1847.

TREATY OF COMMERCE AND NAVIGATION.

Concluded December 9, 1847; ratification advised by the Senate May 18, 1848; ratified by the President May 20, 1848; proclaimed August 2, 1848.

Whereas a treaty of commerce and navigation between the United States of America and His Majesty the King of Hanover was concluded at Hanover on the tenth day of June, one thousand eight hundred and forty-six, by the Plenipotentiaries of the contracting parties, and was subsequently duly ratified on the part of both Governments;

And whereas, by the terms of the twelfth article of the same, the United States agree to extend all the advantages and privileges contained in the stipulations of the said treaty to one or more of the other States of the Germanic Confederation which may wish to accede to them by means of an official exchange of declarations, provided that such State or States shall confer similar favors upon the United States to those conferred by the Kingdom of Hanover, and observe and be subject to the same conditions, stipulations, and obligations; And whereas the Government of His Royal Highness the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin has signified its desire to accede to the said treaty, and to all the stipulations and provisions therein contained, as far as the same are or may be applicable to the two coun

tries, and to become a party thereto, and has expressed its readiness to confer similar favours upon the United States as an equivalent in all respects to those conferred by the Kingdom of Hanover;

And whereas the Government of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, in its anxiety to avoid the possibility of a misconception hereafter of the nature and extent of the favours differing essentially from those of Hanover, which it consents to bestow upon the United States, as well as for its own faithful observance of all the provisions of the said treaty, wishes the stipulations, conditions, and obligations imposed upon it, as also those which rest upon the United States, as explicitly stated, word for word, in the English and German languages, as contained in the following articles:

ARTICLE I.

The high contracting parties agree that whatever kind of produce, manufacture, or merchandise of any foreign country can be, from time to time, lawfully imported into the United States in their own vessels, may also be imported in the vessels of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and no higher or other duties upon the tonnage or cargo of the vessel shall be levied or collected, whether the importation be made in a vessel of the United States or in a vessel of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.

And, in like manner, whatever kind of produce, manufacture, or merchandise of any foreign country can be, from time to time, lawfully imported into the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, in its own vessels, may also be imported in vessels of the United States; and no higher or other duties upon the tonnage or cargo of the vessel shall be levied or collected, whether the importation be made in vessels of the one party or the other.

Whatever may be lawfully exported or re-exported by one party in its own vessels to any foreign country may in like manner be exported or re-exported in the vessels of the other; and the same duties, bounties, and drawbacks shall be collected and allowed, whether such exportation or re-exportation be made in vessels of the one party or the other.

Nor shall higher or other charges of any kind be imposed in the ports of one party on vessels of the other than are or shall be payable in the same ports by national vessels.

ARTICLE II.

The preceding article is not applicable to the coasting trade and navigation of the high contracting parties, which are respectively reserved by each exclusively to its own subjects or citizens.

ARTICLE III.

No priority or preference shall be given by either of the contracting parties, nor by any company, corporation, or agent acting on their behalf or under their authority, in the purchase of any article of commerce lawfully imported on account of or in reference to the national character of the vessel, whether it be of the one party or of the other in which such article was imported.

ARTICLE IV.

The ancient and barbarous right to wrecks of the sea shall remain entirely abolished with respect to the property belonging to the subjects or citizens of the high contracting parties.

When any vessel of either party shall be wrecked, stranded, or otherwise damaged on the coasts or within the dominions of the other, their respective citizens or subjects shall receive, as well for themselves as for their vessels and effects, the same assistance which would be due to the inhabitants of the country where the accident happens.

They shall be liable to pay the same charges and dues of salvage as the said inhabitants would be liable to pay in a like case.

If the operations of repair shall require that the whole or any part of the cargo be unloaded, they shall pay no duties of custom, charges, or fees on the part which they shall reload and carry away, except such as are payable in the like case by national vessels.

It is nevertheless understood that if, whilst the vessel is under repair, the cargo shall be unladen, and kept in a place of deposite destined to receive goods, the duties on which have not been paid the cargo shall be liable to the charges and fees lawfully due to the keepers of such warehouse.

ARTICLE V.

The privileges secured by the present treaty to the respective vessels of the high contracting parties shall only extend to such as are built within their respective territories, or lawfully condemned as prizes of war, or adjudged to be fortified for a breach of the municipal laws of either of the high contracting parties, and belonging wholly to their subjects or citizens.

It is further stipulated that vessels of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin may select their crews from any of the States of the Germanic Confederation, provided that the master of each be a subject of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.

ARTICLE VI.

No higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the United States of any articles the growth, produce, or manufacture of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin or of its fisheries, and no higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin of any articles the growth, produce, and manufacture of the United States and of their fisheries, than are or shall be payable on the like articles being the growth, produce, or manufacture of any other foreign country or of its fisheries.

No higher or other duties and charges shall be imposed in the United States on the exportation of any articles to the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, or in Mecklenburg-Schwerin on the exportation of any articles to the United States, than such as are or shall be payable on the exportation of the like articles to any other foreign country.