THE DELEGATION IN CONGRESS Every ten years, after the Federal census is taken, Congress decides how many Representatives there shall be from each State according to a certain fixed ratio. In August, 1911, the ratio for the next ten years was fixed at one Representative to each 211,877 inhabitants (but States having a population of less than that number are given one Representative). This establishes the present total number of Representatives at 435. A State's "Delegation in Congress" consists of its proportionate number of Representatives and its 2 Senators. The number of Presidential Electors from each State is the same as the number of its Delegation. The total of Presidential Electors for 1912, therefore, is 531 (see opposite page for the Delegation of each State). (1) The District of Columbia. The residents have no vote in the election of either local or national officials, nor are they represented in Congress by a Delegate. Congress itself acts as the local legislature for the District, and administrative powers are vested in a board of three Commissioners appointed by the President with the consent of the Senate. (2) Alaska. This Territory is still in the first stage of Territorial development, having no legislative body. Its officials are appointed by the President, and it is represented in the Federal House of Representatives by a Territorial Delegate who is elected by the people; he may debate in the House, but not vote. (3) Hawaii. This is a regular Territory, with a Governor appointed by the President and a legislature of two houses. The people are represented in the Federal House of Representatives by a Territorial Delegate, who can debate but not vote. The Territory takes no part in the election of the President. (4) Porto Rico, and the Philippines. These are dependencies, not Territories. Their local affairs are administered by a legislature of two houses. They are represented in the United States by Resident Commissioners elected by the legislatures-one for Porto Rico, two for the Philippines. The dependencies, of course, take no part in the election of the President. (5) Minor dependencies. Guam and the Tutuila group, Samoa, are under the control of naval officers in command of the naval stations; while our smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean require no government, being practically uninhabited. The Panama Canal Zone is governed by the Isthmian Canal Commission under the supervision of the War Department. 1 The figures for the Philippines are from the official census taken in 1903. APPENDIX E-TERRITORIAL GROWTH OF THE UNITED STATES, 1783-1912 1 Includes interest payments. 2,851,172 $96,939,768 Our title to the Oregon territory was contested by Great Britain from 1818 to 1846, during which years the two nations jointly occupied the region. Of which $3,250,000 was in payment of claims of American citizens against Mexico. Area purchased from Texas amounting to 123,784 square miles is not included in the column of area added, because it became a part of the area of the United States with the admission of Texas. I. POPULATION DURING THE COLONIAL PERIOD AND The figures of population for the colonies which became the thirteen original States are taken from estimates prepared by the Census Bureau. The first U. S. census was taken in 1790. 1 During the Colonial Period the population of Delaware was included with that of Pennsylvania. 2 Maine was a part of Massachusetts until admitted as a State in 1820. At the time of the First Census the population of Maine as a "District " was taken separately. II. TOTAL AND URBAN POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES 1 By "urban population " is meant the total number of inhabitants in places of over 2500 population. This total is made up of five elements: (a) native whites of native parentage, 49,488,441; (b) foreign whites or of foreign parentage, 32,244,246; (c) negroes or of negro descent, 9,828,294; (d) Indians, 265,683; (e) Asiatics, 145,602. Element (a) comprises more than half the total population in 29 States; element (b), in 13 States - Minnesota, North Dakota, Rhode Island, Wisconsin, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Michigan, South Dakota, Montana, Utah, and Illinois; element (c) in South Carolina and Mississippi. In Florida, element (a) is over 49 per cent of the total population; and in Louisiana, over 46 per cent. In Nevada, element (b) is over 47 per cent; and in Arizona, over 45 per cent. ABOLITIONISTS, 274, 275, 314. Adams, John Quincy, President, 264-269; in Agriculture, in colonial times, 109; in 1790, 258; admission to Union, 259; slave State, Alabama, Confederate cruiser, 355; claims for, 40; relations to colonists, 32-34, 95. Allen, Ethan, captures Ticonderoga, 154. American Desert, 300; transformed, 406. ū as in mute n as in pound Anarchists, in United States, 421. Arizona, explored by Coronado, 23; Indians of, Arkwright, Sir Richard, inventor, 210. treason, 179, 180, 190; in Connecticut, 184. Amusements, in colonial times, 114, 115; at Austin, Stephen F., Texas settler, 289. present, supp. ch. ix. Anæsthetics (an-es-thet'iks), discovered, 328. Australia, commerce with, 319, 407. |