Gregory, since he called the tones of St. Ambrose authentic, and his own plagal or collateral. This reform was introduced by him because the Ambrosian series of four tones only appeared insufficient for the new chants. He then established four new modes or tones, founded upon the same notes as the four of St. Ambrose, but with different extension of scale, because the first ascended to the octave from the tonic, and the second to the octave from the fourth below the tonic, and were therefore called plagal or oblique. In other and clearer terms, the said tonalities regarded, not the scale in itself, but the whole melodic thought; and when the final of the chant was also the tonic, the mode was called authentic; but when it fell upon the dominant it was called plagal. Thus the fifth note of every authentic scale is the first of its plagal. That is to say, the plagal tone is formed by placing the second tetrachord of the authentic tone below the first, and in reverse order, as a cadence. Here is a prospectus of the authentic and plagal tones, which will make their difference clear: Auth. (Tono 1) RE, mi, fa, sol, la-la, si, do, re. Plag. (Tono 2) RE, mi, fa, sol, la, Re, do, si, la. Auth. (Tono 3) MI, fa, sol, la, si-si, do, re, mi. Plag. (Tono 4) MI, fa, sol, la, si, Mi, re, do, si. Auth. (Tono 5) FA, sol, la, si, do-do, re, mi, fa. Plag. (Tono 6) FA, sol, la, si, do-Fa, mi, re, do. Auth. (Tono 7) SOL, la, si, do, re-re, mi, fa, sol. Plag. (Tono 8) Sol, la, si, do, re-Sol, EUROPE and ORIENT fa, mi, re. Twenty-fifth season of uninterrupted success. Comfort and leisure. Thorough sightseeing under expert guidance. Limited parties. All arrangements first class. Special tours arranged for small private parties. DR. and MRS. HOWARD S. PAINE, 148 Ridge Street, Glens Falls, N. Y. TO RENT. CAMDEN, ME. Furnished Cottages to rent located on Seashore Mountainside or Inland Hills. Ideal scenery and climate. Plans, photos, circulars. WILLIAM A. FRENCH, 79 Milk St., Boston, Mass. IMPORTED -CHOICE English Lawn Grass Seed We are the only exclusive Importers of this fine Seed. Anyone desiring a beautiful and luxuriant Lawn similar in every respect to the best English Lawns and free from weed seeds and coarse grasses, write us. Sample 5 lb. Bag, sufficient for 75 x 75 feet, sent anywhere in the Central and Eastern States, express paid, on receipt of $1.50. Address: Blatchford's Calf Meal Factory AND AGRICULTURAL WORKS ESTABLISHED AT LEICESTER, ENGLAND, IN 1800 SAPOLIO ARE QUICKLY MARRIED. To this was limited the impulse given to music by St. Gregory. He excised from the music of his day the alterations imported into it from the language and the songs of the barbaric peoples, and all of pagan art that was beginning to bud anew through the relaxation of manners, and the Greek theories then recently translated and commented upon by Severinus Boetius. He collected and emended the ecclesiastical chants composed by others, making an intelligent selection from them, and, uniting them with his own compositions, thus formed the so-called Antiphonarium Centonem Cantorum. As I have said above, this antiphonary is a subject of the keenest discussion among the learned. The fame of the Gregorian Antiphonary spread rapidly throughout the world, copies were sought everywhere, and although the original, preserved for centuries, was unfortunately destroyed by fire, Charlemagne had by good fortune obtained one copy of it from Pope Adrian, and other copies are to be found at Montpellier, at St. Gall in Switzerland, and elsewhere. The most recent studies of Plainsong, or the Gregorian Tones, establish the fact that all plainsong was executed in measure, like all music, ancient and modern, and in a rhythm, well understood, free and unrestrained as that of oratorical THE CHURCHMAN will gladly answer requests of its readers for information about advertisements. prose. And it seems just to hold that music cannot be conceived of without rhythm and without measure. At any rate, it is assured to-day that the Gregorian chanting differed from the Ambrosian in that it was independent of the value of syllables, and had a character proper to musicality, being free from the word, so that at times several notes were set to a single syllable. Therefore it was not a simple intensive declamation attached to the word, but unfolded a true musical thought standing by itself. The period in which Ambrose and Gregory flourished could be called the period of transition from the ancient art to that of the Middle Ages. Now at length the era of pagan art was closed, and that of Christian art was initiated, and of its first efforts there remained an enduring monument, the Gregorian tones, as a boundary stone between the ancient and the modern world. The Three Hours' service was observed in nearly every parish in the diocese of Chicago. In the evening Passion Music was sung at several churches, St. James's choir giving Dubois's "The Seven Last Words," and Grace and Trinity, Chicago, Gaul's "Passion Music." At Grace church, Oak Park, on the evening of Palm Sunday, the choir sang Mercedante's "The Seven Last Words." By actual count, there were twice as many people present at this service as there were at all the denominational services in Oak Park put together that same evening. St. James's choir sang Dubois's "The Seven Last Words" on Palm Sunday afternoon, and Epiphany choir sang the same cantata in the evening. On Wednesday evening before Easter, the rector of St. Peter's parish, Chicago, conducted a service of special preparation for the Easter Holy Communion and on Good Friday evening a similar service was held at the Church of the Epiphany. On Easter Day there were two celebrations at least in all the Chicago parishes, and in many there were three. At the Church of the Epiphany there were four, and at St. Peter's there were five, the first at 5:30 A.M. At the Church of the Epiphany the music at mid-day was mainly by Warwick Jordan in C, and the organ was assisted by a quartette of brass from the Theodore Thomas Orchestra. In many of the parishes there was music at one of the early celebrations, as well as at midday and in the evening. The vested choir of Christ church, Nashville, Tenn., consisting of thirty-five mixed voices, rendered at the Easter night service a cantata, "The Resurrection," by Charles F. Manney; Mr. Charles Wanzer Starr was director, and Paul Thomson organist. The cantata gave great satisfaction to a large congregation. During the Lenten season Mr. V. Raymond Nold, organist and choirmaster of Trinity church, Newark, O., gave a series of Thursday afternoon organ recitals which were well attended. The programmes were made up of compositions of Bach, Mendelssohn, Hesse, Guilmant, Widor, Dubois, etc. The service at Trinity church on Easter Day comprised Eyre's Communion Service in E flat, and Handel's "Hallelujah." FACTURERS' CHURCH AT MANU JOHN H.PRAY & SONS CO. ARPETS PRICES. 658 WASHINGTON ST. BOSTON. Please mention THE CHURCHMAN in writing to advertisers. Seasonable Wash Goods AT "THE LINEN STORE" White and Colored Swisses. 40C., 50c., 60., 75c., $1.00, $1.25 per yard. White and Colored Madras in several hundred designs. 35c. 40c., 45C., 50c. per yard. White Embroidered Linens in different weights. 75c., 90c., $1.00, $1.25, $1.50 per yard. White Embroidered Dimities. $1.00, $1.10, $1.25 per yard. 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