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Gunston Hall W906 Florida Ave., NW WALTER JANES & CO., Colonial Home School for young ladies. Illustrated Cata- 31 Union Endorsed by leading Eastern colleges. Recommends superior 70 Fifth Avenue, New York Recommends teachers to colleges, schools and families. Advises parents about schools. Wm. O. Pratt, Mgr. CHURCH FURNISHINGS. Church Vestments EMBROIDERIES 262 Fourth Avenue, New York. MEMORIAL WINDOWS, 123 East 23d Street, NEW YORK MASSACHUSETTS 150 NASSAU ST, NEW YORK CITY FREE BOOKLET G TRADE MARK, 24&26 JAST 13 TR-ST NEW YORK Chas. G. Blake & Co. 770 Woman's Temple, Chicago, Ill. Are makers of correct and durable CELTIC and other CROSS MONUMENTS Distance is no obstacle. Write for free booklet to-day. THE CHURCHMAN will gladly answer requests of its readers for information about advertisements. The Churchman The Faith once delivered unto the Saints Ascension Tide. The Ascension does not tell us of an absent Christ. We mistake its meaning if we imagine that it reminds us that He Who once walked this earth has now gone away. There would be no joy, there would be only sadness in the Ascensiontide commemoration, if its message were of a Christ departed. He has not gone away, He is still here, though His pres Inspired by Bishop Francis's address, it by fair means or foul. Bishop Francis is ence is a different presence than that vouchsafed to those who knew Him in the flesh. It is an unseen presence, yet none the less real, a veiled presence; He is here, but a cloud has received Him out of our sight. When we say that Christ has ascended into heaven, we remember that and that heaven is a higher order of being. Our Lord has vanished from sight, not because He has left earth, but because He has taken again what He laid aside at the Incarnation, and, though still here, transcends the power of mortal eyes to see Him. A recent book bears the striking title, "Where Does the Sky Begin?" We know that it is not a vault of blue above us; Saturday, May 26, 1906. her beware now, lest in a zeal for ortho- little it may feel that it merits, such sneers and future fact rather than a present reality. Christ is in heaven, but heaven lies all about us. The Church needs now and again to be reminded of this. Her teachers need to be warned that because this is so it is as much their duty to make a heaven for men here on earth as it is to prepare them for a heaven hereafter. The Church can count nothing foreign to herself that makes for righteousness here. She dare not by her indifference or aloofness repel those who, whether within or without her fold, are giving themselves heart and soul to the service of their fellows. The whole life of the community, its politics, its business, its charities, its educational and municipal activities, are as much the affair of the Church as any of those things to which we mistakenly appropriate the term “spiritual." Woe to her if she do not realize this, if she fail to arouse the enthusiasm of her members in such works of the new creation, if she allow orthodoxy or anything else to become a substitute for them. Too often in the past she has lagged behind while others have done the works of righteousness in which she should have been a leader. Let Tainted Money and the Church. The diocese of Indianapolis, following and bettering the good example of Milwaukee, has spoken once more for us all on corruption in business life. One must choose to know very little of the diocese of New York not to know that up and down are after all mere figures, before they are rich; that success gained this aspersion is unjust. But it is only an anachronism. He is as impolite as Isaiah or St. Paul himself. His kind of talk was all right 'down in Judee'; it the Church to speak out. And it spoke. may still be tolerable in Indiana; but it wont do in New York." This is what it said: rose to the opportunity with resolutions "We declare that it is the business of Christians and Churchmen to be honest by violating the law or by swindling one's proval, can be purchased by gifts from them; that unless the Church does take a strong stand against these sins of the rich and powerful, she will inevitably lose her it is light and air, the life-giving atmos- weight and influence, and sink to the level phere, and though it becomes less dense of the world's life. Justice to the sinners makes us think of heaven as a distant Church cannot afford to allow men to : think that her silence, much less her ap- The English Education Bill. The bill which Mr. Birrell has introduced in Parliament is the subject of eager and voluminous discussion in the English religious and secular press, some policy of the Anglican communion as the It is inevitable and it is unfortunate that no Churchman of the diocese of New York can read this resolution without recalling that it might have been our place to lead in this matter. It ought to have been, for New York City has been a chief offender in the nation, and the Church men of New York certainly need to too obvious in what painful position the timidity of last October's convention has placed the Churchmen of New York in making to it the reply that it deserves. take the lesson of the insurance and other It cannot be true, and it ought not to be assumed as true, that there is no common ground of dogmatic teaching between the members of the Anglican Communion and those organized bodies of Christians which are found all over Anglo-Saxon Christendom carrying out with unsurpassed energy and success the mission imposed by Christ on all the baptized members of His Kingdom. Instead of minimizing the extent or the importance of this common inheritance in the faith, it is an obligation imposed on the bishops of the English Church to use the present debates on religious education as an occasion for pointing out the actual existence of a basis for common concord among all Christians. Exactly in what way the primary elements of the Christian inheritance and of Christian civilization may be made accessible to the young is a question which must be decided by the principles of psychology and pedagogics. It is quite possible that a dogmatic vehicle, expressive of this primal union among Christians, is too abstract to be of any real use to the minds of children. That is the position, as we understand it, taken by the Bishop of Birmingham. The problem, however, is one which demands calm discussion, and the heated language of some of the bishops has not helped to its solution. It is a sign of the possibility of a better spirit that Bishop Gore has stated his case so strongly and yet so dispassionately that so good a representative of the opposite side as Mr. Morley has acknowledged the force of his argument. As Mr. Morley says, however, a right view of the relations of the Church and the State would logically carry such an argument even further, and would lead to the strictly "secular" school. This is not likely, though, to be an issue in England for some time to come. In the meantime, the fear of an irreligious education is to a large degree a mere bugaboo. At the present day it is not possible to ignore Christianity, either in theory or in practice. And in all civilized countries the school as well as the family is Christian. Its Christianity does not depend on formal declarations which have come down from the centuries of theological controversy. As the ethical and the spiritual achievements of the Christian When President Roosevelt began his character are undeniably mutilated by agitation three and a half years ago, legislation seemed improbable. Marshalling the sentiment of the country, he has forced a substantially unanimous vote for a measure to which the railroads of the country were opposed, against which all its great capitalists protested, and which the presence of sectarianism it is a real few Congressmen really desired. In this his achievement. Chronicle and The Senate passed the Hepburn Rate Bill by a practically unanimous vote, 71 to 3. Senators Foraker, Morgan and Pettus alone opposed it. Not in years has such a measure been passed under public pressure so universal. The bill, whose acceptance by the House without substantial change is altogether probable, makes a radical change in railroad legislation. Three months of debate, amendment, compromise and adjustment It compels, have produced a measure that promises to The can own any The Railroad The Senate Committee on A Sea Level Canal kota, to restrain the Comptroller of the over the for the Sioux band amounts to about $3.50 whole sum that was available the cost of balance for sectarian schools at the dis- rata share is determined of the whole ing the Government school. they are contending in every case where contests arise of this character. Addressing representatives of State and Municipal Civil Service Commissions and of the Na tional Civil Service Reform League, in conference at Washington, President Roosevelt, on May 15, said he had grown every year more convinced of the importance of the movement they represented. It was a movement for common sense business methods. Its enemies were always on the watch. He had found, practically without exception, that where there was laxness in the administration of the Civil Service law or an effort to get around it, there was poor service, and yet found any position or any branch of greater chance for fraud. "I have never the service as regards which the intrusion of political reasons in making appointments does not do damage." The President The Interstate Commerce Commission investigation into the management of the Pennsylvania Railroad has revealed that coal companies were in the habit of paying the various officers who controlled the distribution of cars sums varying from $10,000 to $50 a month, and petty perquisites such as boxes of cigars. The evidence is clear that the supply of cars depended on their gifts, that firms closely connected with the management of the road received every facility, even at the cost of the road itself. Nothing in the insurance scandals was worse than these revelations in what has been considered the best managed road in America. Pennsylvania The strong hope-it can be called no more than hope is that he will be wise enough to accept the position of a constitutional sovereign, and meet the demands of the Duma by organizing a ministry which can command a majority in its ranks. A vote on the revolutionary proposal of a single chambered legislation was defeated 253 to 153, a gratifying proof of conservatism, as the point where the French Revolution wrecked was in the determination to make the States-General the one authority in the State. Female suffrage was also voted down. Russia may pass, if the Russia's First Tsar is wise, by a peace Parliament. ful revolution to a Constitutional State. If the Tsar's speech from the throne was disappointing, the address in return from the Duma, adopted without delay, without vaporous debate and without visionary demands, is an unexpected proof of the capacity of Russia for self-government. In tone and temper English, without a trace of the mere theory which is apt to mar like German political utterance, without the needless assertion of abstract principles which interferes with the force of similar declarations in French history, the Duma proposes an entire constitutional programme, workable, necessary and in evitable. It demands responsible ministers, a Tsar guided by their advice, a rule resting upon a majority of the representatives of the people, the usual safeguards for personal liberty and property, and complete control by the popular assembly of the power of the purse, and universal amnesty. These demands are presented practically by the entire body, a small fraction only representing reaction. The only excess which marred an otherwise decorous and dignified national act was the refusal to hear the reactionary leader, Prince Volkonsky. The peasants stood as strongly for the constitutional programme as the representatives of the cities. For the peasants a clause was inserted de manding land reforms and the control of the distribution of land by the Duma. In order to satisfy the just aspirations of the ring of conquered States which surrounds central Russia, the address boldly proposed the recognition of their rights to self-government. Finland already has this. Poland and other subject lands now demand it. To the Tsar and his advisers, nothing can be more portentous than this calm assertion of popular rights. It is treated as radical by the official papers, but it is accompani by the appearance in stronghold of despotism, the Supreme Council, an upper chamber composed only of those who have served autocracy, of a constitutional opposition led by Count Witte. No one can doubt his loyalty or his support of order, but he sees, as does all the world, save the interested advisers whose personal fortunes are made from the plunder of the State, that the day of Russian despotism is over. Meanwhile, public feeling is so strongly against the existing order that the bureaucracy is unable to protect its own functionaries. Almost every day some great officer is slain. His assassin disappears in the general throng and the police are either unable or unwilling to make wholesale arrests. The Tsar's action still remains in doubt. But it has been noted with regret, rather than surprise, that he refused an audience to the President of the Duma on May 20. The Grand Marshal offered to convey the address to the Tsar, but the offer was de clined. The Tsar had just been in prolonged conference with Premier Goremy kin, General Trepoff and M. Durnovo, and is supposed to have been persuaded by them to attempt resistance to popular demands. There are rumors of a reactionary plot to dissolve the Duma by a coup d'etat, but probably the wish here is father to the thought. The Duma was wise enough to modify its demand for amnesty to a plea for pardon "for all crimes committed from religious Ultramontane or political motives, as well as agrarian Opposition to liberalism offences." The experience of all European Reaction in in journalism, literature Italy. revolutions shows that, however he may deand politics is still the order of the day at the lay and seek to restrain the demand for Vatican. At present the forces of reacself-government, it will be impossible tion are making themselves felt, and they wholly to refuse constitutional rights. are acting on the effective Irish axiom of, The French Election. On May 20 those election majority at the election on May 6 held second ballottings, the result of which was to emphasize the radical character of the first elections. There were 155 contested seats; 15 of these were carried by conservatives and reactionaries of various names, 140 by the bloc and their more radical associates. Among the more notorious reactionary agitators defeated were M. Paul Deroulede, Colonel Marchand, of Fashoda fame, Major Briant, son-in-law of General Boulanger sponsible for the fall of the Combes and M. de Villeneuve, who was chiefly recabinet on a question of military espionage. Altogether the opposition will count 178. Church and State. The Left Centre Republicans have 200; the Socialist Radicals, 165; the Parliamentary Socialists, 30; the irreconcilable Socialists, 15. All these are staunch advocates of the separation of equally jority is, therefore, 232, thus almost exThe anti-clerical maactly confirming our forecast of 230. Yet some foresee that impractical Socialist demands may bring the ministry to a speedy fall. For the Left Centre Republicans, if they should act with the Conservatives against the Radicals, would have a majority in the Chamber of Deputies. Now that the new French Chamber of Deputies is elected nothing more is likely to be heard of the Inventory Agitations. As was intimated in these columns many months ago, the factitious character of the opposition to the Separation Bill is made plainer than ever by the May elections. The Paris "Temps," which did not approve of the bill, points out the great tactical mistake which led the parties of conservatism into an alliance with the clerical faction. At the Vatican a high official, in an interview accorded to the Roman "Italie," intimates The Church and the French Election. "Whenever you see a head, hit it." In Northern Italy the campaign against the Christian democrats is being vigorously pushed since the Bishop of Cremona, who strongly sympathizes with the younger lay element in the Church, was called to account for his Pastoral. Only the other day the Archbishop of Genoa, in accordance with instructions from Rome, formally condemned a Genoese journal representative of the new school, and in doing so took occasion to use strong language against the "Avvenire"-the chief organ of Catholic liberalism in Lombardy. Even Fogozzaro's submission after his novel, the "Santo," had been placed on the Index, has not protected him from fresh attacks. Lately his name has been associated with the English bête noir of the reactionary party, the ex-Jesuit Father Tyrrel, and he has been accused of translating Father Tyrrel's recent apology into Italian. He has publicly disclaimed this, but the tone of his letter in the press is a proof that he regards the imputation as in no way misrepresenting his own views or sympa thies. An independent movement in the Polish Catholic Church, corresponding somewhat to that in this country associated with the name of Bishop Kozlowski, has followed almost immediately on the proclamation of somewhat restricted religious liberty by Russia. The clearest account that we have seen of least, is still somewhat obscure, is in The this movement which, at this distance at Independent. According to its advices the movement is strongest in Western Poland, where there is a distinct effort to organize an independent Church, whose members are currently known as Mariavites, a name suggestive to Poles of a similar agitation six centuries ago. spirit of the agitation is said to be a cerThe moving Her re tain Kozlowska who is accounted a prophetess. She claims that visions have been vouchsafed her and that she has been bidden to censure the hierarchy and to appeal to the younger clergy to lead a higher and more spiritual life. She has found many followers, especially among young priests and theological students. jection of the veneration of saints in general, coupled curiously enough with the demand for peculiar devotion to the patroness of Poland, the Madonna of Czenstochowa, has led political authorities to join with the Roman Catholic hierarchy in antagonizing the movement. This is said to have gained such proportions that whole congregations, led by their priests, have joined the heretical sect, and in some places there have been bloody contests for the possession of churches, as between the followers of Rome and of Aglipay in the Philippines. There is a national point in the appeal to the Virgin of Czenstochowa. This holy picture, which attracts about a quarter of a million pilgrims annually, is in a convent fortress, the defence of which in 1655, by a handful of monks and soldiers against a large Swedish army, is one of the most heroic episodes in the annals of the Polish nation. Polish Defection from Rome. that the failure of the French Church to secure popular support in the electorate points to the need of a thorough reformation. In the Vatican sense of this term, as developed by the same authority, this is equivalent to the purgation from French religious life of all the elements in the French Church which have shown this policy of thorough is carried out, as sympathy with liberalism in any form. If might conceivably be, since all trace of has disappeared, the prospects of UltraGallican liberties in the Church of France montanism are from one point of view very brilliant. Harmony will be secured but at the price of the divorce of religion from The Disorders in Natal. all of those elements which have placed France in the forefront of European civilization. Natal has been for nearly three months the scene of a desultory warfare between the police and other forces of the colony, and wandering blacks under a chief who seems never to have been able to gather more than a small band. The disturbances which led to the present outbreak began two or three years ago with the "Ethiopian movement," as it was called, whose origin runs back to missionary effort conducted from this country by African churches. They considered it necessary to begin an agitation in favor of an "Ethiopian" Church which could claim "Africa for the African." Natal had a population of 1,039,787 in 1903. Of these the Europeans were less than one-tenth, or 82,542. They were nearly equalled by Asiatics, 79,857, and the negroes numbered almost nine-tenths of the population, 877,388. The white population has been for three years under a perpetual strain of apprehension. Drastic legislation has been passed which extended to the point of forbidding any Christian services to be held unless a white man was present, a piece of gross tyranny, but such as always appears when race repression is considered necessary. It is greatly to be regretted that the missionary effort conducted by negro organizations of this country in Natal has not taken the shape of that carried on by those going from Tuskegee to German colonies in East Africa, of building roads, training the natives in industry and raising them to civilization, in addition to religious teaching. It has equally been a mistake for the colonial authorities in Natal, to enter upon measures of repression which would obstruct the progress of the negroes in civilization, instead of taking up the question of industrial education and realizing that order can only come to an ignorant race, not by repression, but by education, by elevation, and an advance in religion, morals and industry. courts. The company, with Mr. Choate will conform with the latest teachings of Carl Schurz, most distinguished of many patriotic citizens that Germany has sent us, died in New York on His autobiography, which has May 14. been appearing for some months in a popular magazine, has made the early part of his romantic career generally familiar. Of his direct services to his adopted country estimates must greatly vary, but the indirect service that he did by the example of his high-minded and steadfast upholding of a noble ideal of citizenship is recognized by men of all parties, no less ungrudgingly by opponents than by friends. Born in 1829 near Cologne, educated in a Roman Catholic high school there, the revolution of 1848 found him a student at the University of Bonn. He took an active part in the inGospel, a piece of vellum perforated by surrection of 1849 and after the surrender worms, stained by time, for it is thought ownership may seem to many the lesser of Rastadt escaped from captivity with to be at least sixteen centuries old, but Dr. Grenfell and Dr. A New Oxyrhyncus Hart, continuing their fruitful researches Fragment. among the ruined monasteries of Oxyrhyncus, have come upon what seems like the fragment of a lost evil. The next stage of the case will be argued on June 4. covered with minute Greek characters perfectly legible, some 300 words in all. The fragment is in Queen's College, Oxford. The manuscript to which it belongs must have been of some pretensions, for the calligraphy is notable and the capitals are in scarlet. It is no part of any document previously known, but seems to form part of an uncanonical Gospel, composed with considerable literary skill. The fragment deals with purification and begins in the middle of a speech. Jesus with the disciples has apparently entered the Temple and met a Pharisee who has called them to account for the omission of some ceremonial ablution. The Pharisee is asked what he himself has done, and describes minutely a hitherto unknown ritual of purification which Jesus answers by de nouncing all outward purification, saying that He and His disciples have been purified by the waters of life. Incidentally a hitherto unknown part of the Temple, called Hegneuterian, or place of purification, is mentioned. The discovery has aroused much interest in England. Gas and Law. The New York Legislature appointed last year a commission to investigate the cost of making gas and fix a fair price for it for the various boroughs of New York City. They decided that eighty cents would be a fair rate for the borough of Manhattan. There was some question as to the power of the Legislature to delegate this right to fix a rate to a commission; the Legislature therefore passed what is known as the "Eighty Cent Gas Law." It was approved by the Mayor, signed by the GovAre the people therefore to have any reduction in the price of gas? Not at present. No price that a corporation cares to contest is operative till its constitution ality has been tested before all available ernor. Last April we gave an ac- It has Cleansing the Bill-boards. The Death of great daring, aided by good fortune, to Switzerland. He returned to Germany to assist in the liberation of Kinkel, his former teacher, showing in the whole episode a remarkable nobility of self-sacrificing heroism. Schurz then spent two years in Great Britain and France, where he married in 1852 and soon after came to America, living first in Philadelphia, then in Wisconsin, where he almost immediately became prominent in Free Soil politics and contributed materially to carry that State for Fremont by a remarkable majority. He soon became a national figure, and one of the most effective of our political speakers both in German and English. On the election of Lincoln his services were recognized by an appointment as Minister to Spain, but he held that post barely six months, returning to his adopted country to serve in the Union Army till the close of the war. Soon after he was commissioned by President Johnson to report on the condition and public sentiment of the South. Journalism and politics divided his attention till 1869, when he was chosen Senator from Missouri, distinguishing himself as an advocate of civil service, tariff and currency reform. Under President Hayes he was Secretary of the Interior and continued afterward to take an active interest in independent politics almost to the very last. His "Life of Henry Clay," published in 1887, showed insight, remarkable in a foreigner, into the spirit of our early political history. An ardent controversialist, he showed himself often radical, often intolerant, sometimes extreme, but always unselfish and patriotic, with the enthusiasm of a moral idealist; "indomitable in activity, he was unconquerable in hope." America may well be grateful to the Germany of '48 for the gift of such a citizen. |