fact that Massachusetts requires of the plaintiff from three to five years residence, according to the cause alleged, the longest term of any State in the Union. No one would come to Massachusetts to get divorce; they might very well leave Massachusetts to get it, so that the figures probably somewhat understate the facts. The causes for absolute divorce are, however, numerous. In addition to the one ground recognized in New York, Massachusetts admits cruelty, desertion, neglect, habitual intoxication, incapacity, felony and "joining a sect believing marriage unlawful." The increase in the ratio of divorce in Massachusetts is not due to a relaxation of the law, but shows the cumulative effect that long-continued laxity produces.

A step toward the stricter regulation of Sunday entertainments, musical or dramatic, was made on Jan. 21, when an intended performance of "Cavalleria Rusticana," at the Academy

of Music, was stopped by police interference. This was on Sunday afternoon. On Sunday evening there was a concert made up of selections from various grand operas at the Metropolitan Opera House. There was no police interference. The difference between the two performances was that at the latter the singers dressed up; at the former they were to wear costumes. The police did not interfere either with vaudeville performances, disgusting in various degrees, at the baser theatres, or with the humbler efforts at romantic melodrama in which our Hebrew citizens delight. It is understood, however, that the managers of these "sacred concerts" have been warned to close. There is no doubt that the law has not been enforced and no

doubt that it can be. If any large major- of Christ gathered in seventy-five years,
ity of our people find its enforcement op- or the "millions" that have entered
pressive, they can urge a change in the the Christian Science fold in the last quar-
law. But enforcement should not be ter century. The Church, it says, has
sporadic.
grown partly because the general level of
culture in the country has been rising and
with it the number of people who are at-
tracted by dignity, reverence and beauty
in worship and by our historic position.
But if the Church has grown only "in this
leisurely way" it is because her appeal is
"to just this one type and no other." The
Church, says The Pacific Churchman,
never can be the Church of even a large
fraction of the American people until she
ceases to be Episcopalian and becomes
Catholic; and "Catholic," if it is to mean
"universal," must be inclusive of the great
types of religious life. "It is psychological-
ly absurd to think to make all men
'Prayer Book Churchmen'—as absurd as to
try to make them Broad Churchmen, or
Ritualists or Methodists." "Let us stop
being Episcopalians and become Catho-

lics."

Sunday Performances in New York.

American Church

News.

The students of the Virginia Theological Seminary, at Alexandria, were received by President Roosevelt on Jan. 17, at the White House. "I have to work in a great many different parts of our country, and under a great many different conditions," he told them, "and in

plements.

Speaking of "The Atroci Sunday Sup- ties of Color Supplements" in The Printing Art, Mr. Lindsay Swift says: "Even readers whose time is so valueless that

they can afford to waste more than a glance at a Sunday paper must realize how worthless pictures of this sort really are. It is the children who suffer, for they absorb unconsciously the unsavory quality of such efforts to amuse, and are thus the involuntary victims of voluntary and responsible corruptionists. At a time when this country is seriously trying to implant a knowledge of and stimulate a taste for better things, artistic and æsthetic, through exhibitions in museums, libraries, and even in Sunday-schools, it is not a little disheartening to realize that

clergyman who has a spiritual side and
yet is not a prig. It is the spiritually- Bishop Hall on
minded clergyman who is not a prig who
counts for most as a focus in the higher
life, which if it is not represented in the
several communities will not be repre-
sented in the nation. I feel that each man
here should leave this seminary feeling
that it behooves him to try to be such a
focus, such a centre of the right kind of
spiritual and social life, and he should do
all that in him lies, with fervor, and also
with sanity-I need not say to any older
men here that the more fervor you have
every step in this direction gets a weekly if you have no sanity the worse it is for
setback through these colored atrocities.
The child of sensible parents will not see
or know about them, but the child of the
street, the child of the indifferent house-
hold, will warm to them like a cat to the
back of the stove. There are certain nega-
tive results at least that parents have a
right to expect from every educative force

you to try to make things a little better
in this great country of ours."

as a

which is brought to bear on their chil

dren: that these children shall not be de

That the President should have taker
time from his full life to gratify
the desire of these students to come
into personal touch with him
moral leader of their country was
in itself much. That he should have
improved the occasion by these forc-
ibly brief words, which will be an endur-
ing inspiration to the students, shows
once more how exceptionally President
Roosevelt realizes that all leadership
worthy of the name must base itself on a
sober appeal to the moral forces of human
nature. There may be no politics in our
religion, but it was well for the President
to remind us that there ought to be re-
ligion in our politics.

liberately taught disrespect for old age
or for physical infirmities and deformi-
ties, that they shall not learn to cherish
contempt for other races or religions than
their own, that they shall not take satis-
faction in the tormenting of animals er
weaklings-in short, that they shall not
acquire an habitually cynical and
sportsmanlike attitude of mind. A morbid
gloating over the deficiencies and humilia-
tions of our neighbors is pretty sure to
develop vulgarity and a lax moral fibre in
ourselves; for vulgarity of mind and man-
ners seems to me to be primarily a lack
of restraint in thought, feeling and expres-
sion regarding those tendencies which
every civilized man and race is striving to
modify or to conquer."

un

The President
and the
Virginia Sem-
inary.

each community I find usually that

normally it is the

really hard-working

The Right Rev. H. H. Montgomery, D.D., secretary of the English Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, has been invited by the Presiding Bishop to attend the General Convention of 1907. The general committee of the Society has cordially agreed to the plan, and proposes to draft an address to be sent to the Church in the United States by the hand of Bishop Montgomery. The Archbishop of Canterbury has, as president of the S. P. G., taken a leading part in making it possible for Bishop Montgomery to accept the invitation of the has done so much for missions and for the Bishop Montgomery missionary ideal that his presence in this country cannot, on this memorable centenary, but prove a happiness and a source of inspiration.

American Church.

An Invitation
to Bishop
Montgomery.

Inner peace, said Bishop Hall, in his sermon on the Sunday after Christmas, was an essential mark of the Christian life and the spirit of tranquillity based upon it was no discovery of Christian Science, but something as old as St. Paul, as one could see from the opening lines of the fifth chapter of the Epistle to the Romans and from his repeated utterances elsewhere. "There it is," he said, "in the old Bible, which you have not read or laid to heart. My friends, do not simply scoff at Christian Science. It is easy to sneer at anything that we do not take the trouble to try and understand. With all its exaggerations, its onesidedness, I will be frank to say its absurdities, Christian Science sets forth and insists on an element of Christian truth which we, and the Christian Church at large, have allowed to be too generally ignored. We have not shown forth in our lives this temper of trustfulness and tranquillity and superiority to external troubles, and so this has been thought of as no part of the Christian religion. And we are to blame. It is always the same story. Every heresy and false system that gains a wide and deep hold upon men and women does so not by reason of its errors, but by virtue of the element of truth which it emphasizes, which appeals to the heart and mind of people; it is some element of truth which has been ignored or allowed to fall into the background in ordinary teaching; this torn from its proper place, and exaggerated without balancing and supplementary truths, becomes an error, and in its isolation and exaggeration a falsehood..

"We accept pain and suffering then as a fact. But in a true sense we should make light of it, because our real life, our chief interest, is not in the outward things of which we may be deprived our wealth or our friends or our bodily health. Beneath all these is our companionship with God, and the development of our character. We know that God can and does overrule external and surface sorrow to the deeper He promises to make all things work together for good to them that love Him. (Rom. viii. 28.) We should therefore be comparatively indifferent to bodily pain or any form of suffering or trial."

and higher good of His servants.

The Growth of the Church.

Christian
Science.

The Pacific Churchman in a striking editorial on the progress of the past year says that while the Church seems to The Joint Commission of be growing a little more rapidly than the the General Convention population or than other religious bodies, on Sunday-school Inthere is little in the facts, as reported, to struction met for the fifth time on Jan. give color to the hope of those who desire 16, in Philadelphia, 7 bishops, 4 presbyters to see this Church in fact the Church of and 2 laymen attending. Reports of comAmerica. And it contrasts our 800,000 mittees on special aspects of the Sundayor SO with the 1,000,000 Disciples school blem were considered, and it was

Sunday-school
Instruction.

noted that since the last meeting over a
hundred answers to the question paper
submitted by the Commission had been re-
ceived from Sunday-schools, a fact which,
with the increase of the secretary's corre-
spondence, is thought to indicate growing
interest. Dr. Bradner, in presenting the
report of the Committee on Teachers and
Teacher Training, analyzing the replies,
which represented about a fifth of the
schools of the Church, found that of these
only about four in a hundred were em-
ploying any system for the serious train-
ing of teachers, anything, that is, in the
way of systematic normal instruction.
About 40 per cent. had weekly teachers'
meetings, and half as many more occa-
sional social or business meetings of
teachers. Three-fifths of the schools pro-
vided teachers with reference books. The
newer the methods the younger the
teachers, as was natural. The average age
was found to be between twenty and
thirty. Dr. Harrower presented the re-
port of the Committee on Courses of

Study, saying that though the Joint
Diocesan Lessons were used in most
schools the subject graded systems seemed
to be growing in favor and he thought
the Joint Commission should issue a cur-
riculum of some kind. This the com-
mittee was instructed to prepare for
future consideration. The Rev. Dr.
Duhring, speaking for the Committee on
Organization, Administration and Equip-
ment, noted advance in the East and great-
est need west of the Mississippi. Laymen
showed greatest activity in the South;
there was lack of lay helpers in the West.
He noted a healthy trend toward the use

of Prayer Book and Hymnal alone in the
opening and closing services. In general
the progress of the past fifteen years had

been greater than the previous fifty.
Bishop Brewster, speaking for the Com-
mittee on the Spiritual Life of the Child,
urged that the Sunday-school should not
be treated as a substitute for the Church

and that the Sunday-school should be con-
sidered as a continual confirmation class,
and the fact of baptism made always the

no re

basis of teaching. From the Committee on
Larger Organizations there was
port, but its secretary, Mr. Gardiner,
speaking informally, said that the multi-
plying and growing organizations of Sun-
day-school workers showed the need of a

strong policy on the part of the General
Convention. He would recommend a per-
manent salaried commission with

a

central office and field secretary, which
should prepare and present to the schools
alternative courses of study and co-operate
with similar boards in other bodies. The
reports presented at this meeting showed
once more the usefulness of the Commis-
sion for the gathering and sifting of in-
formation as to Sunday-school work with-
in and without our Communion. The
Commission's next meeting will be on
Oct. 4, 1906, in New York.

Albany, where services are regularly
maintained in seventy-one towns of less
than 1,000 inhabitants each. Such work,
he contended, demanded exceptional
devotion, intelligence and training. The
vice-dean, the Rev. Dr. Samuel Hart,
spoke of the work of the school, which
now has on its roll 350 living graduates
doing duty in fifty dioceses, and 10 do-
mestic and 4 foreign jurisdictions. Eight
graduates have been elected to the episco-
pate. The institution, he testified, was
moving on its way with diligence, inter-
est and success. Other addresses were
made by the Bishop of Newark; the Rev.
Professor Rhinelander, who declared his
belief that there was a real supply of
young men for the ministry and a desire
on their part to render the service, if only
they could be led to see that in the min-
istry was the opportunity for which they
were waiting; the Rev. Professor Colladay,
who emphasized the importance of Sun-
day-school work; the Rev. Frank F. Ger-
man and the Rev. Horace B. Hitchings,
whose offer to provide for the printing of
Bishop Nelson's paper was gladly ac-
cepted. The Rev. Dr. William H. Vibbert
was re-elected president, the Rev. George
Biller, Jr., was chosen vice-president, and
the Rev. Melville K. Bailey was re-elected
secretary and treasurer.

New York
Association of
Berkeley
Alumni.

President Hall
on Bible
Study.

defective

In The Independent for Jan. 18, the Rev. Dr. W. D. P. Bliss indicts rather sweepingly the Christian Churches of New York for their antagonism or indifference to the movement for social and political reform. The socialist. orator and radical pamphleteer are, indeed, he thinks, quite in error when they claim that the clergy pose professionally, that their words are for sale, or their free speech muzzled, or their hearers largely mammon worshippers or hypocrites. The reality, he says, is far different, but far more serious and more sobering. He reviews successively the condition in the chief religious bodies of the city. "Rome's The Bible is becoming ob democracy," he finds, "ends with_the solete, said President Hall, of Clark University, in a recent lecture reported in the New York Sun. This conclusion he thought justified by the answers in question papers received from high schools and Sunday-schools. These he declares show an amazingly knowledge of the Bible, especially of the Old Testament. Complaint comes to him from professors of literature, even in colleges, that they cannot count upon the recognition of Biblical allusion by students of English classics. He concludes that "a knowledge of the Bible should be made a requirement in English of all colleges." Certainly the translators of the Bible would not have passed such a sentence as we have just quoted. And there can be no question that any writer's style will profit greatly from intimate acquaintance with the letter of Scripture, such as it is the aim of several recently-published textbooks, Professor Scott's "Memorable Passages from the Bible," for instance, to provide. But because students are no longer familiar with details of the Old Testament story it by no means follows that the Bible is "becoming obselete." The Student Volunteer Movement, the college branches of the Y. M. C. A. and local religious organizations in our colleges generally report an interest far more general, vital and keen in Bible study than was the

case in the last or the next to the last

generation. Only to-day they leave the let
ter to the professor of literature that they
may be the more intent on the spirit.

Thirty-nine of the
Alumni of the Berkeley
Divinity School, repre-
Methodist ministers of
The Type-
senting twenty-five
New York were invited
setters and the
classes, met at the an-
i-V the striking type-
Methodists.
nual reunion of the New York Associa-
setters of the Methodist
tion of Alumni on Wednesday of last Book Concern and the typographical union
week. After the president had read a in which they form a "chapel" to meet
letter from Dean Binney, expressing his them on Jan. 18 to consider the action of
regret that the state of his health did not the Methodist Concern and what should
allow him to be present, and a letter from be the attitude of the Christian clergy
the Rev. Walter Mitchell, one of the old- toward organized labor in general and the
est living graduates, who touchingly ap- specific demands that had led to the pres-
plied to himself the Horatian phrase: ent strike. There was much discussion,
"Solve senescentem equum ne peccet riden- some of it aimless, some foolish, such as
dus," the paper of the day was read by the plea that as the profits of the Book
the Bishop Coadjutor of Albany on "The Concern went to help the aged and infirm
Training of Men for Rural Mission Work." ministers it should not be treated by its
He mentioned facts as to the condition employees as a business enterprise. Final
of the Church's work in the diocese of ly a joint committee of ministers and

union printers was appointed with instructions to investigate and power to act. The discussion and the action is of less significance than the fact of the appeal by the Union to the Christian sense of the Methodist Church, which, like every other communion, is under an obligation that it cannot avoid to grapple with social problems and endeavor to solve them to the best of its knowledge and conscience. Of course we shall all make mistakes in this, but no mistake could be more fatal than the mistake of supposing that until we can reach a safe and a sure conclusion, we are under no obligation to make any decision at all.

The Church
in Social
Service.

getting of the money." It is, "like Tammany's equality under a boss." "The world has found Rome out and few workers for the future will look to her for help." The parish priests, the Sisters of Charity may be faithful and hardworking, but "their hands are tied and they have to work in a narrow groove." "Rome in America is with the railroad king, the real estate owner, the wealthy convert." In the Protestant Episcopal Church he recognizes conditions very different but hardly more hopeful. We have, indeed, free speech in the pulpit, and advocacy of positive reform, though not very radi

So

cal or strenuous, "is perhaps more than in all the other religious bodies put together." He finds us also doing probably more institutional and philanthropic work than all the others together, and yet he fears that "there is no other Church organization in the city so much under the power of money." Not indeed through direct dictation from wealthy Churchmen, but through the influence that these exercise directly and indirectly as monopolists of public utilities, leaders in the world of transportation, banking, insurance and real estate. "These multi-millionnaires do not muzzle the mouths of their rectors; why should they? Shares vote, not voices." We are far from thinking this wholly just, but there is an element of truth in the reproach, and it is true, too, that some of our churches most generously active in institutional work are extremely aristocratic in the spirit in which they undertake it. We have ourselves heard Christ's "many mansions" explained and defended by a New York rector as a social necessity. Nor does Dr. Bliss see anything to be hoped from the Lutherans, "a typical church of the lower bourgeoisie"; nor from the Presbyterians, unless it were at the Union Seminary where he finds a little group of men "progressive in almost every line." Of Methodists and social reform "merely nothing can be said. The two do not go together. Evangelicalism has seemed to quench the social Gospel of the evangels." The Baptists are under the cloud of the elder Rockefeller's money and the younger Rockefeller's much advertised Bible-class. The Reformed Church lives in the past. So the Church is without a prophet and the people languish, though, as Mr. Bliss promises to

show us later, they do not mourn. Surely the indictment is too sweeping; there is no city in the world where so much social work is being done by Christians, not always under their denominational names, as in New York and everywhere we find signs of growth and vitality rather than of decline or decay, but it is quite true that few of our churches and few of their members have realized the essential democracy of the Gospel or live in the spirit of Christian brotherhood on weekdays or on Sundays. Till they do the poor may have the Gospel preached at them, but it will not be preached to them.

seven.

A copy of the report of the Commission of Inquiry in the Lien chau massacre has been sent by the Rev. Dr. Noyes to the Presbyterian Board. The investigation, says Dr. Noyes, seems to have been conducted with great carefulness and impartiality. The Viceroy, as a result of its findings, has caused three murderers to be executed; has imprisoned nine persons for terms varying from five years to six months and has in flicted corporal punishment on Others have been condemned, but are at present fugitives from justice. The heroism of the Chinaman, not a convert, who saved Miss Paterson's life, is specifically commended by Consul-General Lay as "the one bright spot in that dark day." But there was another. Dr. Noyes tells the story of a little boy, a scholar in the mission school, who came to see Dr. Machle, with a scar showing that he had received an ugly gash on the head, which had healed. He said that he had followed the missionaries to the cave and there received the cut, and that Dr. Chestnut, while at the tree before she was killed, tore off a part of her skirt and bound up the wound. It was the last patient she ever treated.

The Lienchau
Massacre
Report.

Under the lead of the son

A Chinese Missionary of a native clergyman of the C. M. S. mission Society. there has recently been formed in Changsha, China, a society called "The Association of the Disciples of Christ in China." Its purpose is to gather together all Christian converts in one association and to carry on evangelistic work supported entirely by Chinese. The Rev. Mr. Huang, our Chinese clergyman in Changsha, has been made treasurer of the association and has a large influence in determining its policy. If its course be wisely guided it contains great possibilities of usefulness.

The recent death of the Rev. Charles Hartwell, one of the pioneer missionaries of the American Board to China, recalls the contrast between the present Christian conditions and those which Mr. Hartwell found when he reached the city of Foochow in 1853. The first native Christian was not baptized until four years later. Now distrust has to a large extent been supplanted by confidence and often, even in the case of nonChristians, by positive friendship with the missionaries. When the higher officials heard of Mr. Hartwell's death, they either called in person or sent messages of condolence, while the general commanding the local military post sent a native band to escort the funeral procession. Though there were no native Christians in the province of Fuhkien when Mr. Hartwell arrived there, fifty-two years ago, they are now numbered by tens of thousands.

A Pioneer's

Death at Foochow.

Patiently waiting until
A Japanese
the excitement over the
Thanksgiving
Peace Treaty had sub-
Service.
sided, the bishops of the
Church in Japan set forth a service of

war

thanksgiving for use by all the congrega-
tions of the Nippon Sei Kokwei. At
Trinity cathedral in Tokyo this service
was held on Nov. 5. The sermon was
preached by the Rev. Ikuzo Tagawa. After
emphasizing the privilege and duty of of-
fering thanks to God for the victory and
the restoration of peace after a
unique in the history of the country, Mr.
Tagawa said that while war inevitably
brought many evils it was sometimes an
instrument for establishing righteousness
and securing just and lasting peace. For
the future Japan must stand steadfastly
to the highest principles, cultivating
calmness, patience and self-control. Mak-
ing a personal application of his theme,
Mr. Tagawa pointed out that mere passive
readiness to fight the forces of evil should
they attack us, is not a sufficient fulfilment
of the Christian obligation. The Christian
must take the offensive; evil thoughts,
corrupt customs, mercilessness, pride and
hypocrisy; these and all other causes of
offence must be attacked. The Christians
of Japan would, he said, be able to do
much toward healing the wounds which
the country received in the late war and
in leading the neighbor nations in their
social and religious development.

English Church
News.

de

The overwhelming
feat of the Conservatives
in the election now draw-
ing to a close casts a melancholy back
ward light upon the efforts of Church
papers to identify their cause with that
of the fallen party. The Guardian "went
into the struggle no longer in the sullen
expectation of inevitable and crushing de-
feat but with a genuine hope of winning
victory," and looked confidently to the
early elections to prove how vast was the
number of electors "who set the preserva-
tion of definite religious teaching far be-
fore mere questions of party." Doubtless
the majority of such people is great, but
they did not vote to maintain the present
Education Acts. Indeed as one studies the
returns from districts where the Church
is strongest and where it must, in the
Guardian's words, have rested in very
great measure with Churchmen to de-
termine the issue, there is little, if any,
evidence to show that parishioners cared
to encourage the vicar's pride in "my
school." We note with interest many evi-
dences of willingness, especially upon the
part of bishops, to consider an educa-
tional concordat with the Nonconform-

The Church in
the Election.

ists, an attitude which the Church
journals, without exception, so far as
we have noticed, deplore, urging rather
that Churchmen fight for "their" schools
with every device of parliamentary ob-
struction.

a

tion, much less can truly religious knowl-
There
edge be tested by examinations.
may be more of the latter given in a
single botany lesson than in a complete
course of teaching in the book of Genesis
or Acts." And she goes on to show how
the recognition of an immanent divinity,
the highest attainment of modern thought,
is attained much more naturally through
nature lessons, if the instruction is in the
right spirit, than from questions and an-
swers about the Bible record or the learn-
ing by heart of doctrinal statements. "Re-
peating without understanding becomes a
habit and the gates of the mind may re-
main forever closed to the beauty and
significance of the words babbled as
child." To violate the laws of the child-
mind in order that the man-mind may
benefit in later years is, she suggests, do-
ing evil that good may come, with the
probability that evil will come after all.
Rather, she concludes, "let our teaching
imitate that of the great Teacher who
drew His model object-lessons from the
flowers of the field, from the daily occu-
pations of fisherfolk and farmers. Had
He modern children to teach, He would
probably point to the Sisters of Mercy at
their doors, instead of telling them of Jer-
usalem and Jericho; the Priest, the
Levite and the Samaritan. It is well that
the children should know of both stories,
but the knowledge of the near should pre-
cede the consideration of the far; and as
the child grows older the reading should-
be selected from the spiritual treasures of
world literature. . . So the growing
mind may gather for itself a treasure of
things new and old, whence it may draw
strength for the struggles of the inner and
of the outer life. Above all, let us not be
anxious to impress upon children our con-
ceptions of God and the universe. We
must not teach them thoughts, but how to
think; and in so doing, perhaps we shall
find, with Wordsworth, that they are
nearer than we to the golden gates."

The same number of The Hibbert Jour-
nal contains an article by Sir Oliver
"The Material Element in
Lodge, on
Christianity," to which we would direct

the attention of those who are interested in psycho-physical speculation. Curious, too, is "A Moslem View of Christianity," which Judge Ameer Ali dates from "the Reform Club, London."

Religion in
Schools.

The Rev. George Bladon of Preston protests against a remark of The Spectator that the clergy have not time for the work of teaching. Bishop Creighton, he says, "would have replied that they have all the time there is, and would have

told them to put first things first. What are we ordained for? 'Give faithful diligence . . . that thou mayest teach' are the words of the Ordinal; and a teaching clergy, fitting themselves by study to be

come efficient teachers and able to handle

The Priest as
Teacher.

large classes of boys and girls, and going themselves into the schools to teach, would even yet solve the difficulty." Perhaps the English Church may yet have its order of Christian Brothers.

now

It is gratifying to find in England at this juncture so full a recognition and so able an exposition of the American The Record in a discuspoint of view in regard to religious teachsion of the probable effect of disestablishment ing in public schools as that presented by on foreign missions, says Miss A. S. Furnell in the January number of The Hibbert Journal. Noticing first that Churchmen raise for work that two German conventions of school- among non-Christian people, for Anglican teachers have recently voted unanimously churches on the continent and in the against the teaching of religion in German colonies and for work in South America To this must be public schools on pedagogical grounds, she about $3,500,000 a year. goes on to discuss the educational worth added sums raised by smaller societies of the "religious knowledge" that English and contributed directly as special offerschools impart, and doubts whether it is ings or given by Churchmen to societies of any use, intellectual or moral. Religion, not specifically of the Church, amounting she says, "is a personal matter. Its es- in all to about $4,000,000, making a total sence cannot be made a subject of instruc- contribution for missions of $7,500,000

Disestablish-
ment and
Missions.

The Obligation of the Creeds."

By the Rev. William Sanday, D.D., LL.D., Lady Margaret Professor and Canon of Christ Church, Oxford.

[My good friend, the Editor of THE CHURCHMAN, has expressed a wish to reprint this article, contributed to The Independent Review in October, 1903, and I have consented. I am only sorry that it is not possible for me so to rewrite the article as to omit from it the element of controversy. For this I am afraid that I have not time, and I suspect truth that-if the toldmust be without the spice of polemics the article would fall rather flat. I must, therefore, let it go as it is; but at the same time I should be glad if the reader would ignore the polemical reference as far as he can. It is right to add that Dr. Rashdall replied in a later number of The Review (February, 1904).-W. S.]