8. Mr. A. B. Benedict, treasurer of Vanderbilt University and chairman of Meharry's finance committee. Past president and coowner of the Ward-Belmont College, famous Nashville school for girls. Civic leader and financial expert. Serves on boards of several banks.

9. Dr. Edward J. Perry, graduate of Meharry Medical College; humanitarian and lifetime director of the Kansas City Negro Hospital. Retired from the Kansas City institution a few years ago; but, refusing to become inactive, is now director of the Houston Negro Hospital, Houston, Tex. A writer who is active in Negro education. Present chairman of the board of trustees of Lincoln Negro College, Jefferson City, Mo. Has served most of his professional lifetime on the Meharry board of trustees.

10. Dr. Merrill J. Holmes, able Methodist educator and churchman. Has served for years on the faculty of Illinois Wesleyan University and was elected its thirteenth president on November 1, 1947. A member of Meharry's board for over 20 years.

11. Dr. Paul Jeserich, considered by many as the greatest dental educator in America. Director of the W. K. Kellogg Institute of Graduate and Postgraduate Dentistry, Michigan University, Ann Arbor, Mich. A civic and social leader in

his community. He has served on Meharry's board since 1942.

12. Dr. W. H. Slaughter, prominent and wealthy Negro physician of Oklahoma City, Okla. Graduate of Meharry and active in our alumni association. Has served on Meharry's board for over a quarter of a century.

13. Mr. George Claridge, retired treasurer and Methodist churchman. Meharry as treasurer and assistant administrator for over 40 years. Meharry's greatest friends.

Served One of

14. Dr. Walter Morgan, a third generation dentist, and like his cousin Hugh, third generation of the Morgans to serve Meharry. Walter's grandfather founded Vanderbilt University Dental College and his father was its second dean. Walter was in line for the deanship when the school closed because of diminishing financial support in 1926. Walter and Hugh had a grandfather who was one of the founders of Meharry in 1876. Walter is an authority on dental education. He reorganized the American Council on Dental Education in the early thirties, when he served on its board. He has been the perpetual vice chairman of the Meharry board since the death of his father, W. H. Morgan, in the early twenties. 15. Dr. Henry Hill, Kentucky born educator, a civic leader and past director of education for the city of Pittsburgh when called to the presidency of Peabody College for Teachers in Nashville in 1943. Has served on Meharry's board since taking over the presidency of Peabody. His trusteeship continues the tradition of Meharry service by Peabody's president.

16. Dr. E. T. Belsaw of Mobile, Ala., wealthy dental graduate of Meharry and first graduate in dentistry to be elected to the Meharry board. Nationally known social and civic leader. National officer in Negro Elks and president of American Bridge Association, with which organization he is rated as master. One of the most influential Negro citizens of Alabama and one of our newest trustees, being elected in June 1947.

17. Dr. A. M. Townsend, Baptist churchman and civic leader. Director of the Negro branch of the Baptist Publishing Board; he has served Meharry well as a member of its board for a quarter of a century.

18. Dr. W. T. Sanger, president of Virginia Medical College, Richmond. Outstanding educator and civic and social leader in his home State of Virginia. He has received most of the honors in medical education and is a respected authority in his field of pharmacology. One of the most recent elected members of the board, serving since October 1947. His joining the board is being hailed by Meharry men everywhere.

19. Dr. M. Don Clawson, dental educator, president of Meharry since 1945. Served as director of dental education at Meharry from May 1942 to the present. Past director of dental education American University of Beirut, Syria. President of the International College of Dentists.

20. Dr. Karl P. Meister, D. D., executive secretary, board of hospitals and homes of the Methodist Church, 740 Rush Street, Chicago, Ill. Graduate of Ohio Wesleyan University, former superintendent of St. Luke's Methodist Hospital, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and of the Elyria, Ohio, Methodist Home for the Aged, and former Norwalk district superintendent of the Methodist Church's Northeast Ohio Conference.

21. Mr. Basil O'Connor, B. A., LL. B., LL. D., elected to the board of trustees of Meharry Medical College in 1947. Mr. O'Connor is an internationally known New York lawyer, educated at Dartmouth and Harvard. He is the senior

member of the law firm of O'Connor & Farber and former law partner of the late President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Mr. O'Connor is president of the American National Red Cross, the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, the Georgia Warm Springs Foundation, the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, the Finlay Institute of the Americas, the Johnson O'Connor Research Foundation, and several other nationally known organizations. Serves as either member, director, or chairman of a score or more of important boards in this country and abroad, among these his chairmanship of the board of trustees of Tuskegee Institute is of special interest to Meharry because of the close cooperation between Tuskegee and Meharry in the operation of John A. Andrew Hospital and Clinic. Between January 1945 and December 1947 Mr. O'Connor has received honors, citations, or decorations from 17 different foreign countries. His business address is 120 Broadway, New York 5, N. Y., his summer home in Westhampton Beach, Long Island, and his city residence is 49 East Ninety-sixth Street, New York 28, N. Y. 22. Mr. Grady Huffman, secretary of the board of trustees and treasurer of Meharry Medical College, succeeding the late W. M. Duncan. Part owner of the Engineered Equipment Sales Co. here. Native of McKenzie where he received his education and where he began his business career with the Bank of McKenzie. Connected with the American National Bank from 1918 to 1926. Has also served with the W. G. Bush & Co., T. L. Herbert & Sons, and Sangravl Co. here until 1946.

The following list of medical schools shows all Negro medical students now enrolled outside of Meharry and Howard:

1. University of Michigan Medical School_

2. Wayne Medical School__

3. Evangelists, California_.

4. University of Illinois_-_.

5. Columbia, College of Pharmacy and Surgery

6. New York University Medical College_-_.

7. Ohio State___

8. Yale

9. University of California___

10. Washington University.

11. University of Pittsburgh_

12. Women's Medical College of Philadelphia_

13. Loyola Medical College, Chicago_

14. Long Island Medical College-.

15. Rochester Medical School__.

16. University of Colorado__.

17. University of Indiana.

18. University of Iowa--

19. University of Kansas___.

20. University of Pennsylvania--21. Harvard___

Total

18

3

3

3

1

1

1

1

1

86

The CHAIRMAN. Dr. Rolfe, you can come over on this side. In your own way you can tell us whatever you want to say on this subject First tell us something about yourself.

STATEMENT OF DR. DANIEL THOMAS ROLFE, PROFESSOR OF PHYSIOLOGY, MEHARRY MEDICAL COLLEGE, AND EXECUTIVE SECRETARY OF THE MEHARRY ALUMNI ASSOCIATION

Dr. ROLFE. Mr. Chairman, I am Professor of physiology at Meharry Medical College, and am executive secretary of the Meharry Alumni Association. I am a graduate of Meharry of 1927.

I took postgraduate work in physiology at the University of Chicago and at Cornell University in New York.

I have been teaching physiology there since 1930. I have been secretary of the Alumni Association since 1938, and I know more about

73947-48- -4

the alumni of Meharry Medical College than any other person, because of my position. I am closer to their real thoughts, because, during the past 2 or 3 years I have had an opportunity to travel about wherever our alumni were in sufficiently large groups raising money for an alumni hall.

In that period I was successful in collecting $200,000 for the construction of this building that was given solely by the alumni of Meharry Medical College, without appeal to outside aid.

I think that the fact the alumni of Meharry Medical College out of their own resources, which are not too great, gave $200,000-incidentally, that was given by 1,200 out of a possible 2,500-shows their fundamental interest, and it has been said that it was the finest alumni group of any medical institution in point of loyalty and in point of interest.

Being the executive secretary of the association, I am in a position to get comments and opinions.

The CHAIRMAN. Are you satisfied that the institution will go down unless you get this compact arrangement?

Dr. ROLFE. Yes; I am.

The CHAIRMAN. Are you in favor of this compact arrangement? Dr. ROLFE. I am.

The CHAIRMAN. Are the alumni in favor of this compact arrangement?

Dr. ROLFE. The overwhelming majority, as Dr. Clawson has pointed out. Only three groups have evinced any opposition, and it was out of ignorance, because soon after we publicized what the regional plan was about and how dependent Meharry was on it, to these people, they formally withdrew what they had said; and in my personal communications and conversations with large numbers of them, they are behind it.

They issued a simple challenge: If the people who oppose this compact are supporting Meharry, what have they to offer?

The CHAIRMAN. If this compact arrangement goes through, can you in any way foresee any jeopardy to the rights of the colored citizens of the South?

Dr. ROLFE. I think it is a great step forward.

The CHAIRMAN. In other words, it cannot jeopardize their rights? Dr. ROLFE. No. Taking this compact at this stage, it does not jeopardize any rights of anybody. If they have more rights in a given year, they still have them.

The CHAIRMAN. Is there anything else you want to say, Doctor? Dr. ROLFE. No.

Senator HOLLAND. May I ask a question, Mr. Chairman?

The CHAIRMAN. Senator Holland.

Senator HOLLAND. You are a native of Florida?

Dr. ROLFE. Yes; I was born in Tampa, Fla.

Senator HOLLAND. You are a graduate of our State Negro college? Dr. ROLFE. The Florida Agricultural and Medical College.

Senator HOLLAND. Are you able to tell us how many Florida boys are at Meharry now?

Dr. ROLFE. In all departments, I should say we have about 20, in both dentistry and medicine, and I think we have 27 in one of the dentistry auxiliaries.

Senator HOLLAND. Through the machinery set-up by this compact, our State of Florida will be able to carry that part of the load which is made by our own boys who are attending that fine institution?

Dr. ROLFE. Yes; that is true. I am glad you said that, because in my position as chairman of the faculty-student committee, I had a meeting with the students. They expressed approval.

You can say there is an amount of self-interest in it. They know that if Meharry closes in June, they are affected, and they are working hard to get in.

As Dr. Clawson said, we have 800 applicants, of which you can only take 65. Those people who make that achievement glory in it. They see the opportunity, and the thing they want to do is to get out and serve the people from whom they come. If this is closed up, they see everything gone, and it will be.

The CHAIRMAN. Is there anything further, Doctor?
Dr. ROLFE. Nothing further.

Dr. CLAWSON. Nothing further.

The CHAIRMAN. We want to thank you both for fine statements. Senator HOLLAND. Florida is proud to be able to turn out men like Dr. Rolfe to take the leadership in the cause of health education. I congratulate him and express the pride of our State in him. The CHAIRMAN. Cecil Sims?

Governor CALDWELL. He was prevented from appearing here this morning-he could not be here.

The CHAIRMAN. Thomas G. Pullen?

STATEMENT OF THOMAS G. PULLEN, STATE SUPERINTENDENT OF OF SCHOOLS, MARYLAND

Mr. PULLEN. Mr. Chairman, I have filed a copy of a statement by Governor Lane and also by myself, 30 copies of both statements, with your secretary.

My statement is merely in amplification of the Governor's statement, and I shall not bother to read it.

The CHAIRMAN. Is the statement confirmatory of all that has been has been said heretofore?

Mr. PULLEN. Yes, sir. However, I would like to make this statement. It will take me about 2 minutes for the statement.

The first point is this: I regret very much that the emphasis has been on segregation. As a professional educator, I would not be a party to any plan that had for its major purpose that particular thing. I believe that that is the sentiment of this entire group, as I had the privilege of attending the meeting in the South.

To be perfectly frank, I do not believe it is the answer to segregation. There are other things that settle that, temporarily, at least.

I am not the least bit interested in that. I am solely interested in this proposition from an educator's standpoint.

I would like to make two gratuitous statements. In the first place, we must look forward to seeing a greatly increased enrollment in professional, technical, and graduate schools all over the country. We have now some 3,000,000 people in those schools, against about 1,000,000 or one million and a half only a few years ago.

We are educating millions of GI's and rightly so. Anybody who knows anything about the psychology of the human being knows that

those people are going to insist that their children have the same opportunities for education that they had, and the burden of education or the burden of providing all sorts of education, all kinds and all levels of education, is going to be tremendous upon the States.

This is not a sectional matter at all. I would not like to come before this group asking some particular section be favored above others, but I do have the temerity-and I hope you will pardon me for it-to predict that the same type of thing is going to come to every section of this country.

It is fortuitous that New England, a wealthy section of this country, is able to take care of its situation; but, gentlemen, it is not being taken care of by public money.

It is very fortuitous that Dartmouth, Harvard, and Yale are able to supply to the great States of Connecticut, Massachusetts, and the other New England States the opportunities in these various schools. However, if you will look at the support of public education or the support of the States for education on this level, you will find it is very small.

However, the time is coming, in my opinion and in the opinion of a great many other people who are dealing with the whole matter of higher education, when these private institutions are not going to have the means to supply the kind and grade of education that they ought to have.

To summarize, first, we are all going to be faced with a much greater problem in the matter of professional, technical, and graduate education than ever before.

The second point is it is only a matter of time before some scheme of this sort is going to have to be put into effect if we are going to give our citizens the kind of education we want to give.

Thank you, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. Thank you very much, sir.

The Governor's statement will be incorporated into the record at this point.

(The statement is as follows:)

STATEMENT TO THE SENATE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE, MARCH 12, 1948, BY WILLIAM PRESTON LANE, JR., GOVERNOR OF MARYLAND AND PRESIDENT OF THE SOUTHERN GOVERNORS' CONFERENCE

Gentlemen, the purpose of the compact for which the Southern States are requesting congressional approval is to make it possible for these States to provide for all their citizens, through cooperative effort, sound, comprehensive, and high quality educational opportunities, with special relation to the professional, technical, and graduate fields.

Every State in the Union is faced with increasing demands on the part of its citizens for expansion and improvement of educational facilities, particularly in respect to the professional, technical, and graduate fields. Incidentally, it happens that the cost of operating such schools is the most expensive of all phases of education.

The demands for increasing facilities in the educational fields mentioned above are but the natural consequence of the operation over a long period of time of a free and universal system of education in a democratic society. General enlightenment, imperative in a free society, creates the desire and the demand for additional and advanced education.

Responsibility for providing educational opportunities for our citizens rests upon the several States. Because of the mobility of our national population, it is