P. 86. nodding places, etc. An allusion to Horace's lines, —

Indignor quandoque bonus dormitat Homerus:

Verum operi longo fas est obrepere somnum;

whence Homer's nodding has become a commonplace.

P. 89. this new imprimatur. See Knight's History, Vol. V., p. 394.

P. 97. Signor Nicolini, an Italian actor and singer; Hydaspes, an Italian opera. Morley's note will be found interesting.

P. 100. the famous equestrian statue. What king is meant? P. 106. Doggett. See Adams's Dictionary of English Literature.

P. 108. Mr. Rymer that great critic. This is Thomas Rymer, author of the Fœdera, a work of the first importance to English history. He is here, however, alluded to as a critic. Read him up in the Encyclo. Brit., and, by all means, find Macaulay's characteristic allusion to him in the Essay on Boswell's Life of Johnson, at the end of a paragraph near the close of the essay.

P. 111. To find the passages referred to in South's Sermons and in Pliny's Natural History would be literary enterprises of the first order.

P. 112. Aldus and Elzevir. Do not fail to look up these names, the former under the family name Manutius.

With his familiar "Harry Stephens," Tom undoubtedly refers to the celebrated French printer and author, Henri Estienne, who may be looked up in the Encyclo. Brit., under the Anglicized form of his name, Stephens.

a late paper. Tatler, No. 154. P. 113. Ah! Mr. Bickerstaff.

The reader will note that this

paper and the next are Tatlers, not Spectators. See note to p. 263, this volume.

This means, "the clergy are

P. 119. Should our clergy, etc. so numerous that if, as is done by lay land-holders, they could cut up their glebes and tithes into forty-shilling freeholds, each of which would entitle the holder to vote at the election of county members, they would command most of the (county) elections in England."- Arnold.

P. 135. within the bills of mortality. See Webster's International Dictionary.

P. 136. the Succession to the Spanish monarchy. See Ploetz' Epitome of Universal History, pp. 390–393. A readable account of the War of the Spanish Succession may be found in Kitchin's History of France.

P. 141. this was the long-expected hour of projection; i.e., the hour had at length come for throwing upon the elaborately prepared metal in the crucible the powder of projection (see Webster), which was to turn this metal into gold. Note that this paper is from the Guardian, and that it is Nestor Ironside, not the Spectator, who has this adventure with the alchemist. See note to p. 275, this volume. But by all means look up the word projection, definition No. 7, in the Century Dictionary, and note the quotations. Chaucer, in his Canon's Yeoman's Tale, describes the frauds practised in his day by the men who pretended to skill in alchemy. P. 142. the Act of Uniformity; the Act of Toleration; the Act of Settlement. See Gardiner's Student's History of England, pp. 585, 650, 672.

P. 144. The date of this paper is March 3, 1711. Bearing in mind this date, see Gardiner's History, p. 643, par. 18. Addison had, in 1706, accompanied Halifax on his mission to the electoral court of Hanover (see p. 252, this volume). But it must be remembered that Addison is not the Spectator. We could hardly expect of the Spectator that, in those extensive journeys he made in Europe, he should have foreseen what personages were destined to become great in the future.

P. 146. the old philosopher; Diogenes the Cynic, as reported both by Lucian, in his dialogue on the Sale of Lives, and by Diogenes Laertius.

P. 149. Freeholder No. 22. The fifty-five numbers of the Freeholder were all written by Addison. Hence the entire series is printed in Addison's works. These papers appeared from December, 1715, to June, 1716. To understand the title and scope of the work, the reader should look up Freeholder, No. 1. Remember that here the pronoun I no longer means the Spectator.

P. 150. Dyer's Letter. See Macaulay's History, Chap. XX., and Spectator, 43 and 127.

P. 151. burgesses. See the dictionaries, and Fonblanque's How we are Governed.

P. 158. When I was at Grand Cairo. See Spectator, No. 1, p. 2.

P. 160. 'I see a bridge standing in the midst of the tide.' Note that this "bridge" does not lead across the tide. The people on it move in a direction parallel to the flow of the current.

P. 163. Homer's balance. Iliad, XXII., 208–215. By all means look up this most impressive passage in one or more of the famous translations of Homer, in Chapman, or Pope, or Cowper, or in the prose translation of Lang, Leaf, and Myers.

a passage of Virgil. Æneid, XII., 725-727. Look this up, either in the original or in Dryden or Conington.

those noble passages of Scripture. To be found by means of Cruden's Concordance, a book indispensable to English study. P. 164. Milton, in that beautiful description. This may be found by means of the Milton Concordance, or, better, by searching Paradise Lost.

amusing. Look it up.

Note that this word is used in a sense now obsolete.

P. 170. Wapping. The sailor quarter of London. See Hare. P. 180. When I look, etc. Notice the charm which this passage has both for the mind and for the ear. Its thought is noble, elevated, and serious, its language rhythmical and melodious. Consider by what peculiarities of arrangement this effect of rhythm, or measure, is produced.

Sir Paul Rycaut. See Encyclo. Brit.

P. 183. What do you think of Addison as an apiologist?

P. 186. The shutting of a cardinal's mouth, etc. See Encyclo. Brit., article "Cardinal."

fresh and fresh; an intensive doubling no longer in use. We still use many similar expressions, through and through, out and out, over and over, many and many a day, etc.

P. 187. Zug and Bender. In 1712 the " Toggenburg War” was causing commotion among the cantons of Switzerland. Charles XII. was intriguing at Bender, in Russia, from 1709 to 1711.

P. 188. the battle of Almanza. See Gardiner's Student's History of England, p. 689.

P. 195. Pasquin. See Webster's Dictionary.

Aretine. To be looked up under his Italian name, Aretino. P. 196. As this week is in a manner set apart. This paper is dated March 27, 1711. Easter, that year, fell on April 1.

P. 197. who was head of a college in those times. This is

probably to be understood of a Dr. Thomas Goodwin, who was President of Magdalen College, Oxford, during the Commonwealth.

P. 209. that noble allegory. The story is told by Xenophon, who attributes it to Prodicus. It may be pleasantly and profitably looked up in the Bohn Xenophon, Memorabilia, II., 1., 21–33.

P. 213. as the finest author of all antiquity has said. The allusion is to Cicero, who, De Officiis, I., xxxii., 118, adduces Prodicus' story of Hercules, as told by Xenophon, and, a little further on, uses the language here translated by Addison. We quote Cicero's words, that the reader may consider the Spectator's rendering:

"Si igitur non poterit sive causas defensitare sive populum contionibus tenere sive bella gerere, illa tamen praestare debebit, quae erunt in ipsius potestate, justitiam, fidem, liberalitatem, modestiam, temperantiam."

In calling him "the finest author of all antiquity," Addison rates Cicero far more highly than modern opinion would sanction.

P. 216. that clouded majesty which Milton takes notice of. It will be easy to find this beautiful passage in Book IV. of Paradise Lost.

P. 224. Spectator, No. 489. Note the biographical allusions in this hymn. See pp. 239, 242, 243, this volume.

NOTES

TO

MACAULAY'S ESSAY ON ADDISON.

P. 228. the Laputan flapper. Allusions like this, and like that to Rasselas, Prince of Abyssinia, on p. 236, should be understood from direct acquaintance with the books referred to. These are specimens of the reading that the young student of literature must command as the indispensable condition of intelligent progress.

The political and literary history of England during the reigns of William III., of Anne, and of George I. was the subject to which Macaulay's studies had been especially devoted, and of which he was an acknowledged master.

Theobald's. (Pronounce Tibbals.) If you will read Miss Strickland's lives of Queens Elizabeth, Anne of Denmark, and Henrietta Maria, or Miss Aikin's Memoirs of the Reign of James I., you will know what Theobald's was. Good maps of England show Theobald's Park in Hertfordshire. If you have not time to read so much as is indicated above, at least look up, by means of the index, the allusions to Theobald's in Miss Strickland's work.

Steenkirks. See Macaulay's account of the battle of Steenkirk in Chap. XIX. of the History.

P. 230. the Biographia Britannica. See Adams' Dict. of Eng. Lit., but especially Cowper's lines, "On observing some names of little note recorded in the Biographia Britannica."

the Charter House. See Hare's Walks in London, and the article "Carthusians" in Encyclo. Brit.

P. 231. Magdalene. (Pronounce Maudlin.)

P. 233. Charles Montague, who was then Chancellor of the Exchequer. The reader must bear in mind that it is precisely

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