las I., emperror of Russia, king of Poland, &c. When by our manifesto of January 2d, last year, we announced to our faithful subjects the march of our troops into the kingdom of Poland, which was momentarily snatched from the lawful authority, we at the same time informed them of our intention to fix the future fate of this country on a durable basis, suited to its wants, and calculated to promote the welfare of our whole empire. Now that an end has been put by force of arms to the rebellion in Poland, and that the nation, led away by agitators, has returned to its duty, and is restored to tranquillity, we deem it right to carry into execution our plan with regard to the introduction of the new order of things whereby the tranquillity and union of the two nations, which Providence has entrusted to our care, may be forever guarded against new attempts. Poland, conquered in the year 1815 by the victorious arms of Russia, obtained, by the magnanimity of our illustrious predecessor, the emperor Alexander, not only its national existence, but also special laws sanctioned by a constitutional charter. These favors, however, would not satisfy the eternal enemies of order and lawful power. Obstinately persevering in their culpable projects, they ceased not one moment to dream of a separation between the two nations subject to our sceptre, and in their presumption they dared to abuse the favors of the restorer of their country, by employing for the destruction of his noble work the

very laws and liberties which his mighty arm had generously granted them. Bloodshed was the consequence of this crime. The tranquillity and happiness which the kingdom of Poland had enjoyed to a degree until then unknown, vanished in the midst of civil war and a general devastation. All these evils are now passed. The kingdom of Poland again subject to our sceptre will regain tranquillity, and again flourish in the bosom of peace, restored to it under the auspices of a vigilant government. Hence we consider it one of our most sacred duties to watch with paternal care over the welfare of our faithful subjects, and to use every means in our power to prevent the recurrence of similar catastrophes, by taking from the ill-disposed the power of disturbing public tranquillity. As it is, moreover, our wish to secure to the inhabitants of Poland the continuance of all the essential requisites for the happiness of individuals and of the country in general, namely, security of persons and property, liberty of conscience, and all the laws and privileges of towns and communes, so that the kingdom of Poland, with a separate administration adapted to its wants, may not cease to form an integral part of our empire, and that the inhabitants of this country may henceforward constitute a nation united with the Russians by sympathy and fraternal sentiments, we have, according to these principles, ordained and resolved this day, by a new organic statute to introduce a new form and order in the ad

the insurrection which had broken out in our kingdom of Poland. Deeply affected by the innumerable evils to which that country was given up, we wished to employ only the means of persuasion to recall our misguided subjects to their duty; but our voice was not heard, and Poland will owe the return of peace and legal order only to the victorious arms of the empire to which its fate is indissolubly united. We shall, however, distinguish the great majority of those who were carried beyond the bounds of their duty from the evil-minded, who, deceived by melancholy illusions, and dreaming of an impossible state of things, had recourse to calumny and treachery to attain their object. They alone are answerable for the violation of the most solemn oaths; for the ruin of their country, which had flourished ever since its union with Russia; for the blood shed in the civil war; for the insurrection in the Imperial provinces; and lastly, for the burden which has been laid upon Russia. Their punishment, commensurate with their crimes, is fixed by the laws; but our justice and our clemency shall allay the fear of the weak, and of those who were only misled. To end their apprehension once for all, and make them positively acquainted with our will, we have ordained as follows.

I. A complete and unconditional amnesty is granted to all those of our subjects in the kingdom of Poland who have returned to their obedience. None of those included in this amnesty

1. The authors of the bloody insurrection of the 29th November, 1830; those who on that night repaired to the Belvedere Palace with a view to take the life of our beloved brother, the deceased Cesarewitsch; the murderers of the Generals and of the Russian and Polish Officers.

2. The authors of the horrors which occurred in Warsaw on the 15th August last.

3. Those who since the 25th of January have at different times been concerned as chiefs or members of the Government illegally established in the kingdom of Poland, and who have not sent in their submission previously to the 13th of September, as well as those who, after the subjection of Warsaw, formed an illegal Government at Zakroczyn, and thereby forfeited all claim to our mercy.

4. The members of the Diet

who proposed or supported the act of deposition of the 25th of January.

5. The officers belonging to the corps of Romarino, Rozyck, Kaminski, and Rybinski.

6. The subjects of the western. governments who may have participated in the Polish insurrection.'

Manifesto.

By the Grace of God, Nicho

las I., emperror of Russia, king of Poland, &c. When by our manifesto of January 2d, last year, we announced to our faithful subjects the march of our troops into the kingdom of Poland, which was momentarily snatched from the lawful authority, we at the same time informed them of our intention to fix the future fate of this country on a durable basis, suited to its wants, and calculated to promote the welfare of our whole empire. Now that an end has been put by force of arms to the rebellion in Poland, and that the nation, led away by agitators, has returned to its duty, and is restored to tranquillity, we deem it right to carry into execution our plan with regard to the introduction of the new order of things whereby the tranquillity and union of the two nations, which Providence has entrusted to our care, may be forever guarded against new at tempts. Poland, conquered in the year 1815 by the victorious arms of Russia, obtained, by the magnanimity of our illustrious predecessor, the emperor Alexander, not only its national existence, but also special laws sanctioned by a constitutional charter. These favors, however, would not satisfy the eternal enemies of order and lawful power. Obstinately persevering in their culpable projects, they ceased not one moment to dream of a separation between the two nations subject to our sceptre, and in their presumption they dared to abuse the favors of the restorer of their country, by employing for the destruction of his noble work the

8

very laws and liberties which his mighty arm had generously granted them. Bloodshed was the consequence of this crime. The tranquillity and happiness which the kingdom of Poland had enjoyed to a degree until then unknown, vanished in the midst of civil war and a general devastation. All these evils are now passed. The kingdom of Poland again subject to our sceptre will regain tranquillity, and again flourish in the bosom of peace, restored to it under the auspices of a vigilant government. Hence we consider it one of our most sacred duties to watch with paternal care over the welfare of our faithful subjects, and to use every means in our power to prevent the recurrence of similar catastrophes, by taking from the ill-disposed the power of disturbing public tranquillity. As it is, moreover, our wish to secure to the inhabitants of Poland the continuance of all the essential requisites for the happiness of individuals and of the country in general, namely, security of persons and property, liberty of conscience, and all the laws and privileges of towns and communes, so that the kingdom of Poland, with a separate administration adapted to its wants, may not cease to form an integral part of our empire, and that the inhabitants of this country may henceforward constitute a nation united with the Russians by sympathy and fraternal sentiments, we have, according to these principles, ordained and resolved this day, by a new organic statute to introduce a new form and order in the ad

Poland.

NICHOLAS.

St Petersburgh, Feb. 26, 1832.
COUNT STEPHEN GRABOWSKI,
The secretary of State.

After this manifesto, the organic statutes of Poland are given. The principal provisions are as follows:

Poland is forever united with the Russian empire, of which it forms an integral part. The kingdom shall have its separate administration, its own code of civil and criminal laws, and the privileges of towns and communes shall remain in force. The coronation of the emperor of Russia and king of Poland will in future take place at Moscow by one and the same act, in the presence of special deputies appointed for the occasion. In case of a regency in the empire, the power of the regent will extend over the kingdom of Poland. The liberty of worship is guaranteed; the Catholic religion being that of the majority of the inhab itants, will be under the special protection of the government; personal liberty is granted; no one shall be arrested except in cases provided for by the law and under the regular formalities, and must be brought before a competent court of justice within three days. The punishment of confiscation can only be applied to offences against the state of the first class. The press will be subject to some indispensable restrictions. The kingdom of Poland is to contribute to the gener

proportion. The taxes which existed previous to November 1830, shall be maintained. The commercial relations of the kingdom and the empire are to be regulated by the mutual interests of the parties.

For the future there shall be but one army for Poland and Russia, and the emperor reserves to himself to fix hereafter the part which Poland is to contribute to its composition. The inhabitants of either country may become mutually naturalized. The high administration is composed of the council of government, presided by the governor-general. The council shall consist of a director-general, a comptroller-general, and other members appointed by the sovereign. The council of government proposes the candidates for archbishops, bishops, directors-general, &c. who are to be chosen from among all the subjects of his majesty without distinction. There is also a council of state; to which is entrusted the care of administrative laws. All generally important laws, such as the budget, are to be sent into the council of state of the empire for revision and sanction. All administrative business is to be transacted in the Polish language. The old division of the country continues the same, as well as the committees of the Palatinates. The assemblies of the nobility, of the communes, and the councils of the Palatinate shall also continue.