Titles, Conflict, and Land Use: The Development of Property Rights and Land Reform on the Brazilian Amazon FrontierUniversity of Michigan Press, 14. 7. 1999 - Počet stran: 227 The Amazon, the world's largest rain forest, is the last frontier in Brazil. The settlement of large and small farmers, squatters, miners, and loggers in this frontier during the past thirty years has given rise to violent conflicts over land as well as environmental duress. Titles, Conflict, and Land Use examines the institutional development involved in the process of land use and ownership in the Amazon and shows how this phenomenon affects the behavior of the economic actors. It explores the way in which the absence of well-defined property rights in the Amazon has led to both economic and social problems, including lost investment opportunities, high costs in protecting claims, and violence. The relationship between land reform and violence is given special attention. The book offers an important application of the New Institutional Economics by examining a rare instance where institutional change can be empirically observed. This allows the authors to study property rights as they emerge and evolve and to analyze the effects of Amazon development on the economy. In doing so they illustrate well the point that often the evolution of economic institutions will not lead to efficient outcomes. This book will be important not only to economists but also to Latin Americanists, political scientists, anthropologists, and scholars in disciplines concerned with the environment. Lee Alston is Professor of Economics, University of Illinois, and Research Associate for the National Bureau of Economic Research. Gary Libecap is Professor of Economics and Law, University of Arizona, and Research Associate for the National Bureau of Economic Research. Bernardo Mueller is Assistant Professor, Universidade de Brasilia. |
Obsah
List of Figures xi | 1 |
The Assignment | 31 |
Ratios of occupied land to total land 2 Gini coefficient of landownership distribution in Brazil | 37 |
Share of total number of farms and farm area occupied by squatters by region | 45 |
The Politics and Economics | 55 |
INCRAs budget and number of families settled | 61 |
Number of occupations and landless families involved | 62 |
Land area and use in Brazil | 68 |
Expenditures on property rights and the perceived value of a formal title | 113 |
Descriptive statistics for the survey sample | 121 |
Survey data for smallholders | 122 |
Census | 131 |
Mean and maximum share of farmers who were squatters by município in Paraná and Pará | 136 |
Census data | 143 |
Census data 143 145 37 37 རྐུན གཅ28མྲ ཎྜཎྜྲ འདྲ སྨྲ ཞཝ ཝ 45 61 62 68 | 145 |
Census data | 147 |
A Framework for Analyzing Settlement Property Rights | 81 |
Descriptive statistics for the farm expropriation survey | 92 |
Determinants of INCRA expropriation | 94 |
Settlement by Smallholders and Property Rights on | 98 |
Correlation coefficients between distance | 102 |
landsquatter characteristics | 104 |
Mean characteristics of settlers who stay or leave | 106 |
Determinants of Sell or Stay | 107 |
Determinants of the total number of moves by settlers | 108 |
Perceptions of the value of title | 112 |
The Determinants and Impact of Violent Conflict over | 153 |
Number of land conflicts in Brazil | 159 |
Number of land conflicts by state 198795 | 161 |
Number of settlement projects by state 198795 | 163 |
Granger causality test 161 163 | 165 |
Conflicts by município in Pará | 167 |
The Political Provision of Property | 192 |
207 | |
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agricultural Altamira Amazon frontier assignment Belém Brazil budget bureaucratic capital census census data chapter claimants clear coefficient colonization Conceição do Araguaia conflict over land constitution courts demand for title discussion distance economic effect equation estimated eviction expropriation farmers farms Felix FIBGE forest frontier land hectares Hence impact incentives INCRA institutions invaded invasion investment issue ITERPA jurisdiction land agency land conflicts land policy land redistribution land reform land values landless peasants landowners latifundia Libecap market center means ment migration municípios Nova Aliança organized owners Pará Paragominas Paraná Paraná and Pará Parauapebas Paulo percent percentage points permanent crops plots PNRA political politicians population population densities potential production property rights provide title reduce region rights to land São Felix São Paulo secure property rights settled settlement projects settlers smallholders squatters squatting survey Tailândia tenure tion Tucumã variable violence violent conflict wealth