the king. Neh. vi. 7. 4. To return; to rebound; to give back.-In Ticinum is a church with windows only from above, that reporteth the voice thirteen times. Bacon. * REPORTER. n. S. [from report.] Relater; one that gives an account.-My reporter devis'd well for her. Shak.-The lords affembled, gave order to apprehend the reporters of these furmises. Hayward. If I had known a thing they concealed, I fhould never be the reporter of it. Pope. * REPORTINGLY.adv. [from reporting.] By common fame. In meditation deep, recluse Philips. * REPOSEDNESS. n.f. [from repofed.] State of being at reft. TO REPOSITE. v. a. [repofitus, Lat.] To lay up; to lodge as in a place of fafety.-Others repofite their young in holes, and fecure themselves alfo therein, because fuch fecurity is wanting, their lives being fought. Derham. * REPOSITION. n. f. [from repofite.] The act of replacing.-Being fatisfied in the repofition of the bone, take care to keep it fo by defignation. Wifeman. *REPOSITORY. n. f. [repofitoire, Fr. repofitorium, Lat.] A place where any thing is fafely laid up. It was neceffary to have a repofitory to lay up thofe ideas. Locke. He can take a body to pieces, and difpofe of them into the most regular and methodical repofitories. Rogers. * To REPOSSÉŠS. v. a. [re and poffefs.] To poffefs again. How comes it now, that almoft all that realm is repoffeffed of them? Spenfer Her fuit is now to repoffefs thofe lands. Shak. Nor fhall my father repoffefs the land. Pepe. REPPELI, a town of Upper Saxony, in Hinder Pomerania; 7 miles WSW. of Zacan. REPPEN, a town of Brandenburg, 6 miles SSW. of Droffen, and 16 SSE. of Cuftrin. * To REPREHEND. v. a. [reprehendo, Latin.] 1. To reprove; to chide.-We would be furely as loth as they, who most reprehend or deride that we do. Hooker. Pardon me for reprehending thee. 2. Caufe of reft.-After great lights must be great (3.) REPOSE, in painting, certain maffes or large affemblages of light and fhade, which, being well conducted, prevent the confufion of objects and figures, by engaging and fixing the eye, fo that it cannot attend to the other parts of the painting for fome time; and thus leading it to confider the feveral groups gradually, proceeding as it were from ftage to stage. (4.) REPOSE, in poetry, &c. the fame with reft and paufe. See REST, &c. (1.) *To REPOSE. v. a. [repono, Lat.] 1. To lay at reft. Rome's readiest champions, repose you here, Have ye chofen this place, Milton. 2. To place as in confidence or truft: with on or in.-I repofe upon your management, what is deareft to me, my fame. Dryden.-That prince was confcious of his own integrity in the fervice of God, and relied on this as a foundation for that truft he repofed in him, to deliver him out of his diftreffes. Rogers. 3. To lodge; to lay up.Pebbles, repofed in thofe cliffs amongft the earth, being not fo diffoluble and more bulky, are left behind. Woodward. Shak. Shak. He could not reprehend the fight. Chapman. I nor advife, nor reprehend the choice. Phil. 3. To detect of fallacy. This colour will be re prehended. Bacon. 4. To charge with as a fault: with of before the crime.-Ariftippus, being reprebended of luxury by one that was not rich, for that he gave fix crowns for a small fish, answered, Why, what would you have given? The other faid, Some twelve pence; Ariftippus faid again, And fix crowns is no more with me. Bacon. * REPREHENDER. n. f. [from reprehend.] Blamer; cenfurer.-These fervent reprehenders of things are always confident and bold fpirited. Hooker. * REPREHENSIBLE. adj. [reprehenfible, Fr. reprehenfus, Latin.] Blameable; culpable; cenfurable. * REPREHENSIBLENESS. n.. [from repre kenfible.) Blameableness; culpableness. *REPREHENSIBLY. adv. [from reprehenfible.] Blameably; culpably. * REPREHENSIÓN. n. f. [reprehenfio, Latin.] Reproof; open blame.-To a heart fully refolute, reprehenfion is loathfome. Bacon.-There is likewife due to the publick a civil reprehenfion of advocates. Bacon. The admonitions, fraternal or paternal, of his fellow Chriftians, then more publick reprehenfions. Hammond.-What effect can that man hope from his most zealous reprebenfiens, who lays himself open to recrimination. Gov. of the Tongue. REPREHENSIVE. adj. [from reprebend.] Given to reproof. * To REPRESENT, v. a. [represento, Lat. reprefenter, prefenter, Fr. 1. To exhibit, as if the thing exhibition. Taylor-We have met with fome, whofe hibited were prefent.reals made good their reprefentments. Brown. Before him burn Seven lamps, as in a zodiac reprefenting Milton. 2. To defcribe; to fhow in any particular cha. racter. This bank is thought the greateft load on the Genoese, and the managers of it have been reprefented as a fecond kind of fenate. Addifon. 3. To fill the place of another by a vicarious character; to perfonate: as, the parliament reprefents the people. 4. To exhibit to show: as, the tragedy was reprefented very fkilfully, 5. To how by modeft arguments or narrations. One of his cardinals admonished him, by reprefenting to him, that no reformation could be made, which would not notably diminish the rents of the church. Decay of Piety. (1.) REPRESENTATION. n. f. [reprefen tation, Fr. from reprefent.] 1. Image; likenefs.If images are worshipped, it must be as gods, which Celfus denied, or as reprefentations of God. Stilling fleet. 2. Act of fupporting a vicarious character. 3. Respectful declaration, 4. Publick exhibition. (2.) REPRESENTATION, in the drama, is the exhibition of a theatrical piece, together with the fcenes, machinery, &c. (1.)* REPRESENTATIVE. adj. [reprefentatif, Fr. from reprefent.] 1. Exhibiting a fimilitude.They own the legal facrifices, though represeniative, to be proper and real. Atterbury. 2. Bearing the character or power of another. This council of 400 was chofen, 100 out of each tribe, and feems to have been a body representative of the people; though the people collective referved a thare of power. Swift. (2.) REPRESENTATIVE. n. 1. One exhi. biting the likeness of another.-An idiot, who was the reprefentative of credulity. Addison. 2. One exercising the vicarious power given by another. My morals and politicks teach me to leave all that to be adjusted by our representatives above. Blount to Pope. 3. That by which any thing is fhown.-Difficulty muft cumber this doctrine, which fuppofes that the perfections of God are the reprefentatives to us of whatever we perceive in the creature. Locke.. (3.) A REPRESENTATIVE (§ 1. def. 2.) is one who fupplies the place of another, and is invefted with his right and authority. Thus the houfe of commons are the reprefentatives of the people in parliament. See COMMONS and PARLIAMENT. * REPRESENTER. n.. [from reprefent.] 1. One who shows or exhibits.-Where the works of nature, or acts of story, are to be described, art, being but the imitator or fecondary reprefenter, muft not vary from the verity. Brown. 2. One who bears a vicarious character; one who acts for another by deputation. My mufe officious ventures On the nation's reprefenters. Savift. * REPRESENTMENT. n.. [from reprefent.] Image or idea proposed, as exhibiting the likenefs of fomething. Some believe it to be the natural body of Chrift; others, the bleffings of Chrift his paffion in representment, and his grace in real ex * REPRESS. . . [from the verb.] Repreffion; act of crufhing. Not in ufe.-Outcries of injury, when they tend nothing to the reprefs of it, is a liberty rather affumed by rage and impatience, than authorised by juftice. Gov. of the Tongue. To REPRESS. v. a. [repreffus, Lat. reprimer, Fr.] To crufh; to put down to fubdue.-Dif contents and ill blood ufed always to reprefs and appeafe. Bacon.-Some endeavoured to fet up the fedition again; but they were speedily repressed. Hayward Favour the innocent, repress the bold. Waller. Repress the horror of my thoughts? Denham. * REPRESSION. n.. [from reprefs. Act of repreffing.-No declaration from myself could take place, for the due repression of these tumults. King Charles. REPRESSIVE. adj. [from reprefs.] Having power to reprefs; acting to reprefs. (1.) * REPRIEVE. n. S. [from the verb.] Refpite after fentence of death. In his reprieve he may be so fitted, That his foul ficken not. I hope it is fome pardon or reprieve For Claudio. Shak. Shak. -The morning Sir John Hotham was to die, a reprieve was fent for three days. Clarendon. All that I ask is but a short reprieve, Till I forget to love, and learn to grieve. Denham. (2.) REPRIEVE, in criminal law [from reprendre, Fr. i. e. to take back], is the withdrawing of a fentence for an interval of time; whereby the execution is fufpended. See JUDGMENT, 4. This (fays Judge Blackftone) may be, first, ex arbitria judicis, either before or after judgment: as, where the judge is not fatisfied with the verdict, or the evidence is fufpicious, or the indictment is infufficient, or he is doubtful whether the offence be within clergy; or fometimes if it be a small felony, or any favourable circumstances appear in the criminal's character, to give room to apply to the crown for either an abfolute or conditional pardon. These reprieves may be granted or taken off by the juftices of gaol-delivery, although their feffion be finished, but this rather by usage than of right. Reprieves may also be ex neceffitate legis: as where a woman is capitally convicted, and pleads her pregnancy. Though this is no caufe to ftay judgment, yet it is to refpite the execution till the be delivered. This is a mercy dictated by the law of nature, in favorem prolis; and therefore no part of the bloody proceedings in the reign of Q. Mary I. hath been more juftly detefted than the cruelty exercised in the island of Guernsey, of burning a woman big with child; and when, through the violence of the flames, the infant fprang forth at the stake, and was preserved by the by-ftanders, after fome deliberations of the priests who affifted at the facrifice, they caft it into the fire as a young heretic: a barbarity which which they never learned from the laws of ancient Rome; which direct, with the fame humanity as our own, quod prægnantis mulieris damnata pana differatur quoad pariat: which doctrine has also prevailed in England, as early as the firft memorials of the English law will reach. When this plea is made in stay of execution, the judge muft direct a jury of 12 matrons or difcreet women to inquire into the fact; and if they bring in their verdict quick with child, (for barely with child, unless it be alive in the womb, is not fufficient,) execution fhall be ftaid generally till the next feffion; and fo from feffion to feffion, till either the is delivered, or proves by the course of nature not to have been with child at all. But if the once hath had the benefit of this reprieve, and been delivered, and afterwards becomes pregnant again, the fhall not be entitled to the benefit of a farther refpite for that cause. For the may now be executed before the child is quick in the womb; and shall not, by her own incontinence, evade the fentence of juftice. Another caufe of regular reprieve is, if the offender become non compos between the judgment and the award of execution: for regularly, though a man be compos when he commits a capital crime, yet if he becomes non compos after, he shall not be indicted; if after indictment, he fhall not be convicted; if after conviction, he fhall not receive judgment; if after judgment, he fhall not be ordered for execution; for furiofus folo furore punitur; and the law knows not but he might have offered fome reason, if in his fenfes, to have stayed thefe refpective proceedings. It is therefore an invariable rule, when any time intervenes between the attainder and the award of execution, to demand of the prifoner what he hath to allege why execution fhould not be awarded against him; and, if he appears to be infane, the judge in his difcretion may and ought to reprieve him. Or, the party may plead, in bar of execution, either pregnancy, the king's pardon, an act of grace, or diverfity of perfon, viz. that he is not the fame that was attainted. In this laft cafe a jury fhall be impannelled to try the identity of his perfon; and, not whether guilty or innocent, for that has been decided before. And in these collateral iffues the trial shall be inflanter; and no time allowed the prisoner to make his defence or produce his witneffes, unless he will make oath that he is not the perfon attainted: neither fhall any peremptory challenges of the jury be allowed the prifoner, though formerly fuch challenges were held to be allowable whenever a man's life was in queftion. If neither pregnancy, infanity, non-identity, nor other plea, will avail to avoid the judgment, and ftay the execution confequent thereupon, the laft and fureft refort is in the king's moft gracious pardon; the granting of which is the most amiable prerogative of the crown. See PARDON. *To REPRIEVE. v. a. [reprendre, repris, Fr.J To refpite after fentence of death; to give a refpite. He cannot thrive, Unlefs her prayers, whom heav'n delights to And loves to grant, reprieve him from the wrath Company, though it may reprieve a man from his melancholy, yet cannot fecure him from his confcience. South.-Having been condemned for his part in the late rebellion, his majefty had been pleased to reprieve him. Addison. He reprieves the finner from time to time. Rogers. *REPRIMAND. n. f. [reprimande, reprimende, Fr. from the verb.] Reproof; reprehenfion. He inquires how fuch an one's wife or fon do, whom he does not see at church; which is underftood as a secret reprimand to the person absent. Addifon. *TO REPRIMAND. v.a. [reprimander, Fr. reprimo, Lat.] To chide; to check; to reprehend; to reprove.-Germanicus was feverely reprimanded by Tiberius for travelling into Egypt. Arbuthnot. -They faw her perverfeness severely reprimanded. Law. * To REPRINT. v. a. [re and print.] 1. To renew the impreffion of any thing. The business of redemption is to rub over the defaced copy of creation, to reprint God's image upon the foul. South. 2. To print a new edition. My bookfeller is reprinting the effay on criticism. Pope. (1.) * REPRISAL. n. f. \represalia, low Lat. reprefaille, Fr.] Something feized by way of retaliation for robbery or injury.-The English had great advantage in value of reprisals, as being more ftrong and active at fea. Hayward.— Senfe muft fure thy safest plunder be, Since no reprisals can be made on thee. Dorfet. (2.) REPRISAL, or RECAPTION, is a species of remedy allowed to an injured perfon. This happens when any one hath deprived another of his property in goods or chattels perfonal, or wrongfully detains one's wife, child, or fervant: in which cafe the owner of the goods, and the husband, parent, or mafter, may lawfully claim and retake them, wherever he happens to find them; fo it be not in a riotous manner, or attended with a breach of the peace. The reason is, that it may often happen that the owner may have this only opportunity of doing himself juftice: his goods may be afterwards conveyed away or destroyed, and his wife, children, or fervants, concealed or carried out of his reach, if he had no fpeedier remedy than the ordinary process of law. If therefore he can gain poffeffion of his property again, without force or terror, the law will justify his proceeding. But, as the public peace is a fuperior confideration to any one man's private property, it is provided, that this natural right of recaption fhall never be exerted, where fuch exer. tion muft occafion ftrife and bodily contention, or endanger the peace of fociety. In fuch cafes, the lofer muft have recourse to an action at law. (3.) REPRISALS are alfo a right which princes claim of taking from their enemies any thing equivalent to what they unjuftly detain from them or their fubjects, by iffuing letters of marque. See MARQUE, and PREROGATIVE, § III. 3. *REPRISE. n. f. [reprife, Fr.] The act of taking fomething in retaliation of injury. A juft reprise would only be Of what the land ufurp'd upon the fea. Dryd. * REPROACH. n. f. [reproche, Fr. from the verb.] Cenfure; infamy; thame. With his reproach and odious menace, The My rapier in his bofom, and withal Thy punishment He fhall endure, by coming in the flesh Milton. * REPROACHFULLY, adv. [from reproach.] Opprobriously; ignominiously; fcurriloufly, Shall I then be us'd reproachfully? \ Shak. I will that the younger women marry, and give he occafion to the adversary to speak reproach ly. 1 Tim. v. 14. 2. Shamefully; infamously. 1.) REPROBATE. adj. [reprobus, Lat.] Loft virtue; loft to grace; abandoned. They in rks deny him, being abominable, and to every od work reprobate. Tit. i. 16. Strength and art are eafily outdone By spirits reprobate. Milton. God forbid, that every fingle commiffion of a ,fhould fo far deprave the foul, and bring it to h a reprobate condition, as to take pleasure in er men's fins. South.-If there is any poor n or woman, that is more than ordinarily wickand reprobate, Miranda has her eye upon them. 2. 2.) *REPROBATE... A man loft to virtue; retch abandoned to wickednefs. -I acknowledge myself for a reprobate. Raleigh. They that could not bear temptations became reprobates. Taylor. *To REPROBATE. v. a. [reprobo, Lat.] 1. To difallow to reject.-Such an answer as this is reprobated and difallowed of in law. Ayliffe. 2. To abandon to wickedness and eternal destruction. What should make it neceffary for him to repent and amend, who without amendment is fupposed to be elected to eternal blifs, or without refpect to fin, to be irreversibly reprobated. Ham mond. A reprobated hardness of heart does them the office of philofophy towards a contempt of death. L'Eftrange. 3. To abandon to his fentence, without hope of pardon. Drive him out (1.) REPROBATION. n. S. [reprobation, Fr. from reprobate.] 1. The act of abandoning, or ftate of being abandoned to eternal destruction; the contrary to election. This fight would make him do a defperate turn, And fall to reprobation. Shak. This is no fruit of election and reprobation. Hammond. It is not the fcope of that text to treat of the reprobation of any man to hell-fire. Bramhall. God, upon a true repentance, is not fo fatally tied to the spindle of abfolute reprobation, as not to keep his promife, and feal merci. ful pardons. Maine. 2. A condemnatory fentence.-You are empower'd to give the final decifion of wit, to put your ftamp on all that ought to pafs for current, and fet a brand of reprobation on clipt poetry and falfe coin. Dryden. with (2.) REPROBATION, in theology, (§ 1. def. 1.) is applied to that decree or refolve, which God has taken from all eternity to punish finners who fhall die in impenitence. This opinion was adopted by St Augustine and other fathers; as well as by Calvin and most of his followers. The church of England, in The thirty-nine Articles, teaches fomething like it; and the church of Scotland, in the Confeffion of Faith, maintains it. But the notion is generally exploded, and it is believed by no rational divine in either church, being totally injurious to the justice of the Deity. Reprobation refpects angels as well as men, and refpects the latter either fallen or unfallen. See PREDESTINATION. *To REPRODUCE. v. a. [re and produce; re produire, Fr.] To produce again; to produce anew. If horfe dung reproduceth oats, it will not be easily determined where the power of generation ceafeth. Brown.-Thofe colours are unchangeable, and whenever all these rays with those their colours are mixed again, they reproduce the fame white light as before. Newton. (1.) * REPRODUCTION. n. S. [from repreduce.] The act of producing anew. I am about to attempt a reproduction in vitriol. Boyle. (2.) REPRODUCTION is ufually understood to mean the reftoration of a thing before existing, and fince destroyed. It is well known that trees and plants may be raised from flips and cuttings; This reprobate, till he were well inclin'd? Shak. and fome late obfervations have shown, that there What if we omit are are fome animals which have the fame property. The polype was the firft inftance we had of this; (See POLYPUS, II, N° 1-7; and § III.) and foon after Mr Bonnet difcovered the fame property in a spieces of water-worm. Amongst the plants which may be raised from cuttings, there are fome which feem to poffefs this quality in fo eminent a degree, that the smallest portion of them will become a complete tree again. Mr Bonnett made feveral experiments to determine, whether this reproduction will or will not take place in whatever part the worm is cut? The water-worms, which have this property, are, at their common growth, from two or three in ches long, and of a brownish colour, with a caft of reddifh.. From one of thefe worms he cut off the head and tail, taking from each extremity only a small piece of a twelfth of an inch in length; but neither of these pieces were able to reproduce what was wanting. They both perished in about 24 hours; the tail firft, and afterwards the head. As to the body of the worm from which these pieces were feparated, it lived as well as before, and feemed indeed to fuffer nothing by the lofs, the head-part being immediately ufed as if the head was thereon, boring the creature's way into the mud. There are, befides this, two other points in which the reproduction will not take place; the one of thefe is about the fifth or fixth ring from the head, and the other at the fame diftance from the tail; and in all probability the condition of the great artery in these parts is the caufe of this. What is faid of the want of the reproductive power of these parts relates only to the head and tail ends; for as to the body, it feels very lit tle inconvenience from the lofs of what is taken off, and very Tpeedily reproduces thofe parts. The cafe is the fame with thefe worms, as with many trees and plants they are cut to pieces, and thefe feveral pieces become perfect animals; and each of thefe may be cut into a number of pieces, which will in the fame manner produce an animal. They are liable to many accidents; they often are broken into two pieces, by the refiftance of fome hard piece of mud which they enter; and they are subject to a disease, a kind of gangrene, rotting off the feveral parts of their bodies, and muft in evitably perith by it, had they not this furprifing property. Mr Bonett tried the fame experiments on another species of water-worm, differing from the former in being much thicker. This kind of worm, when divided in the fummer feafon, very often shows the fame property; for if it be cut into 3 or 4 pieces, the pieces will lie like dead for a long time, but afterwards will move about again; and will be found in this state of rest to have recovered a head, or a tail, or both. After recovering their parts, they move very little; and, according to Bonett's experiments feldom live above a month. The water infects are not the only creatures which have this power of recovering their loft parts. The common earth worms are of this kind. Some of thefe worms have been divided into two, others into three or four pieces; and fome of thefe pieces, after having paffed two or three months without any appearance of life or motion, have then begun to reproduce a head, or tail, or both. The reproduction of the anus; after fuch a state of reft, is no long work; a few days do it; but it is otherwife with the head, that does not feem to perform its functions in the divided pieces till about 7 months after feparation. In all these operations both on earth and water worms, the hinder part suffers greatly more than the fore part in the cutting; it always twifts itfelf about a long time, as if actuated by strong convulfions; whereas the head ufually crawls away without the appearance of any great pain. The reproduction of feveral parts of lobsters, crabs, &c. makes alfo one of the great curiofities in natural hiftory. This has been decifively prov ed by the experiments of Reaumur and Perrault. The legs of lobsters, &c. confift each of five arti culations; when any of the legs happen to break by any accident, as in walking, &c. which frequently happens, the fracture is always found to be in a part near the 4th articulation; and what they thus lofe is completely reproduced fome time afterwards; that is a part of a leg fhoots out, confifting of four articulations, the firft whereof has two claws as before; fo that the lofs is entirely repaired. If a lobster's leg be broken off by defign at the 4th or 5th articulation, what is thus broken off always comes again; but not if the fracture be made in the 1ft,, 2d, or 3d articulation. In thofe cafes the reproduction is very rare if things continue as they are. But what is exceedingly furprifing is, that they do not; for, upon vifiting the lobfter maimed in these barten and unhappy articulations, at the end of two or three days, all the other articulations are found broken off to the fourth; and it is fufpected they have performed the operation on themselves, to make the reproduction of a leg certain. The part reproduced is not only perfectly like that retrenched, but also in a certain space of time, grows equal to it. Hence we frequently fee lobsters, which have their two big legs unequal, in all proportions. This fhows the fmaller leg to be a new one. (See CANCER, Í IV, N° 6.) A part thus reproduced being broken, there is a fecond reproduction. The fummer, which is the only feafon of the year when the lobfters sat, is the moft favourable time for the reproduction. It is then performed in 4 or 5 weeks; whereas it takes up 8 or 9 months in any other feafon. The fmall legs are fome times reproduced, but more rarely, as well as more flowly, than the great ones: the horns do the fame. The experiment is moft eafily tried on the common crab. See PHYSIOLOGY, Sect. VIII. * REPROOF. n. f. [from reprove.] 1. Blame to the face; reprehenfion.-Good Sir John, as you have one eye upon my follies, turn another into the register of your own, that I may pais with a reproof the eafier. Shak Thofe beft can bear reproof, who merit praife, Pep 2. Cenfure; flander. Out of ufe.-Why, for th fake, have I fuffer'd reproof? Pfalm, Ixix. 7. END OF THE EIGHTEENTH, VOLUME. EDINBURGH: Printed by Joan Brown. |