20, 36, 69, 91, 151, 187-8, 225, 268-9 Hobbes, Thomas, b. at Malmesbury, 1588; educated at Oxford; in 1610, travelled as tutor to the future Earl of Devonshire; translated Thucydides, 1628; De Cive, 1647; Human Nature and De Corpore Politico, 1650; Leviathan, 1651; a royalist in the Civil War; tutor to Charles II., then in Paris, in 1647; received a pension of £100 after the Restoration; d. at the seat of his patron, the Earl of Devonshire, 1679. .95 Holinshed, place and time of birth unknown; Shakespeare and historians borrowed largely from him; d. about 1580.. Holmes, Oliver Wendell, biography and works, see text.... 351-6 Hood, Thomas, b. in London, 1799; sub-editor of London Magazine, 1821; Whims and Oddities, 1826; published many tales and poems; editor of New Monthly Magazine; began Hood's Magazine, 1844; d. 1845...... ....367 Hooker, Richard, b. at Heavitree, 1553; graduated at Oxford; ordained, 1581; married a scolding wife; Master of the Temple, 1585; he and his colleague in the ministry, Walter Travers, a Calvinist, did not agree; retired to the rectory of Boscombe, 1591; Ecclesiastical Polity, 1594-7; rector of Bishopsbourne from 1595 till his death in 1600...... ...98, 103, 104 Hume, David, b. in Edinburgh, 1711; entered Edinburgh University; began mercantile life, but soon gave it up; went to France; Treatise on Human Nature, 1738; the first part of Moral and Political Essays, 1741-2; reputation for scepticism prevented his get. ting the chair of moral philosophy in the University, 1744; Inquiry concerning the Human Understanding, 1747; librarian of the Advocates' Library in Edinburgh, 1751-6; 1st vol. of his History of England, 1754; Inquiry concerning the Principles of Morals, 1752; visited Paris, 1763; under-secretary of state, 1767-8; chief of the literary circle in Edinburgh; d. 1776.... Inchbald, Mrs.. 233 229 James the First of Scotland, b. 1394; sent to France, 1405; seized by a British fleet; brought to London and thrown into the Tower; released, 1424, after 19 years' captivity, and restored to his kingdom; checked the arrogance of the Scottish nobles; a conspiracy against him; assassinated, 1437 .82, 83 Johnson, Samuel, the great literary "Leviathan" and the bigoted Tory, the man of oddities and prejudices, b. at Lichfield, Staffordshire, 1709; face disfigured and one eye destroyed by scrofula; at Lichfield Grammar-school and then at Stourbridge; left school at 16 and was 2 years at home; entered Pembroke College, Oxford, 1728; forced by poverty to leave, 1731; an usher in a school and a hack writer; married a widow Porter, "twice his age," but with a fortune of £800, 1735; opened a school near Lichfield, and had Garrick as a pupil; in London, 1737; on the Gentleman's Magazine; made for it reports of speeches in Parl. from notes brought to him; London, in imi tation of 3d Satire of Juvenal, 1738; Vanity of Human Wishes, in imitation of the 10th, 1749; 10 guineas for London and 15 for V. of H. W.; tragedy of Irene, bringing him £300, 1749; on his English Dictionary, 1747-55; the £1575 he received for it spent before the work was finished. Some definitions illustrate his style and his prejudices:-Lexicographer, a harmless drudge; Net-work, anything reticulated or decussated, at equal distances, with interstices between the intersections; Oats, a grain which in England is generally given to horses, but in Scotland supports the people; Whig, the name of a faction. Published a semi-weekly, the Rambler, 1750-52; lost his wife, 1752; contributed to the Literary Mag., 1756-7; to the Idler, 1756-60; his edition of Shakespeare, 1765; Rasselas, written in a week to pay expenses of his mother's funeral, 1759; £100 for this and £25 for 2d edition; a pension of £300, 1763; Literary Club, founded by Reynolds, 1764; original members: Reynolds, Johnson, Nugent, Beauclerk, Langton, Goldsmith, Chamier, and Hawkins; added, in J.'s lifetime, Garrick, Boswell, Fox, Gibbon, Adam Smith, Sheridan, Dr. Burney, Windham, Percy, and others; met Monday evenings at Turk's Head; the Autocrat of it, Johnson; Lives of the Poets, 1779; £200 for it; visited Scotland and the Hebrides; Journey to the Hebrides, 1773; had a home with the Thrales for 16 years, ending, 1781; in Paris with them, 1775; LL.D. from Oxford, 1775; d. Dec. 13, 1784 235, 241, 242 Jonson, Ben, b. at Westminster, 1573; entered Cambridge, 1590; forced by poverty to leave, and to assist his step-father, a mason; disgusted with this labor, enlisted in the army in Flanders; returned, killed a brotheractor in a duel; while in prison became a Roman Catholic, but returned to the Church of England; Every Man in his Humour, 1596; Every Man out of his Humour, 1599; Cynthia's Revels, 1600; Poetaster, 1601; Sejanus, 1603; Volpone, 1605; Epicene, 1609; Alchemist, 1610; Catiline, 1611; Masques during James's reign; poet-laureate, 1619, with a pension of £100 and a tierce of canary; intimate with Shakespeare; d. 1637, and buried in Westminster Abbey, with "O rare Ben Jonson" inscribed on his tombstone.....138-146 Keats, John, b. in London, 1796; educated at Enfield; apprenticed to a surgeon, 1810; Poems, 1817; Endymion, severely criticised in Blackwood and in the Quarterly Review, 1818; Lamia, Isabella, Eve of St. Agnes, and Hyperion, 1820; was wasting away with consumption, and set out for Rome, where he died, 1821; was buried in the Protestant cemetery there, and on his stone is this inscription: Here lies one whose name was writ in water...406-10 Ken, Bishop. Killingfleet. .193 King's English in 14th Century. Kingsley, Charles Knolles. 201 51 278-80 ..99 40-42 Langland, b. probably at Cleobury Mortimer, 1332; educated at Oxford; a fellow of Oriel College; attached to the monastery of Great Malvern; and d. about 1400 Latimer, Hugh, b. in Leicestershire, 1491; graduated at Cambridge; took holy orders; an eloquent preacher of the Reformed religion; chaplain to Anne Boleyn; bishop of Worcester, 1535; resigned his bishopric, 1539; imprisoned in the Tower till 1547; burned at the stake, 1555, with Ridley, to whom he said, "Be of good cheer, brother; we shall this day kindle such a torch in England as I trust shall never be extinguished." Layamon Lee, Nat ..74 .43, 44 ..195 Leland, John, b. in London about 1506; took his degree at Cambridge, 1522; went to Oxford and to the University of Paris; chaplain and libra Lingard, John, b. at Winchester, 1771; studied at Douay; ordained a Roman Catholic priest, 1795; published History of England, 1819-25; declined a cardinal's hat soon after; author of History of the A.-S. Church; d. 1851. 278 Locke, John, b. at Wrington, Somersetshire, Aug. 29, 1632; father, a lawyer, became a capt. of horse on the Parl. side in the Civil War; Locke at Westminster School, 1646; entered Christ Church, Oxford, 1652; Puritan influence strong at the University; Locke discontented with the logic, rhetoric, and Latin there, as he was with the public-school instruction of his day; B.A., 1655, and A.M., 1658; Greek lecturer at Ch. Ch. College, 1660; lecturer on rhetoric, 1662; censor of moral ph., 1663; out of office, 1665; went to Brandenburg as sec. to an embassy thither, 1665; back at Oxford studying medicine, 1666; met Lord Ashley, 1666; took up his residence with him in London, 1667; Essay on Toleration, 1667; F.R.S., 1668; held offices under the Govt., 1672-4; bach. of medicine, being already a faculty student of Ch. Ch., 1674; an annuity of £100 and estates in Somersetshire from Ashley, now Earl of Shaftesbury; in France with a pupil, 1675-9; lived in Holland, 1683-9; removed from his student's place, Oxford, 1684; Letter on Toleration, 1689; Essay on the Human Understanding, 1689; Two Treatises on Govt., 1690; second and third Letters on Toleration, 1690-2; began his life with Sir Francis and Lady Masham, at Oates, 1691; Some Thoughts concerning Education, 1693; On the Reasonableness of Christianity, 1695; prominent in the repeal of the Licens ing Act (against which Milton's Areopagitica was aimed), 1695; helped by pamphlets and oral advice to put silver coinage on a sound basis; one of the Commissioners of Trade, salary £1000, 1696-1700; d. Oct. 28, 1704. Essay on the Human Understanding in four books; I. tries to refute the doctrine that we have innate ideas; II. tries to show that all our ideas come from experience (1) the use of our senses upon external objects, and (2) the perception of the operations of our minds; III. treats of words; IV. treats of knowledge and opinion. 202-3, 206-8 Lockhart, John Gibson, b. at Cambusnethan, Scotland, 1794; studied at Glasgow U., 1807-10; graduated from Balliol College, Ox., as bachelor of law; contributor to Blackwood, 1817; married Sophia, daughter of Scott, 1820; editor of Quar. Rev., 1826-53; Life of Burns appeared, 1825; Life of Scott, 1837-9; d. 1854 at Abbotsford, the seat of his daughter, Lady Hope, the only surviving descendant of Sir Walter. 277, 279 Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, biography and works, see text....438-46 Lovelace... . 162 Lowell, James Russell, biography and works, see text. 446-57 Lydgate, b. 1375; a monk of the Abbey of Bury St. Edmunds; a priest in 1397; travelled on the Continent; taught school; d. about 1460.. Lyly.... ..75 96, 126 Lyndsay, Sir David, b. 1490; in the service of the prince, afterwards King James V. of Scotland, 1512-1524; d. 1557 ..85, 86 Macaulay, Lord, b. at Rothley Temple, 1800; entered Trinity College, Camb., 1818; admitted to the bar, 1826; essay on Milton, 1825; M.P. in 1830; made celebrated speeches on the Reform bill, 1830-32, and on the renewal of the charter of the East India Co., 1833; was in India, 1835-8; M.P. for Edinburgh, 1838-47; 1st and 2d vols. of 72 .219 Mallory, Sir Thomas.. Mandeville, Bernard. Mandeville, Sir John, b. at St. Albans about 1300; educated for an M.D.; set out for the East, 1322; saw service in Egypt with the Sultan; penetrated to China; returned, and, 34 years after he began his travels, wrote his Munchausen account of them, first in Latin, then in French, and afterwards in English; d. at Liege, Belgium, 1372... Marlowe, b. at Canterbury, 1564; graduated at Cambridge, 1583; first part of Tamburlaine, 1586; Edward II., 1598; many other plays; d. of a wound received in a quarrel, 1593. Marryat, Capt Marvell, Andrew. Massinger Mathers, The..... .49 .126-131 277 163, 191 .147 .328 Mill, John Stuart, b. in London, 1806; educated by his father; read Greek at the age of three; went to France; studied law; was a clerk in the East India Co. for 35 years; contributed to the West. Rev., and from 1835 to 40 was its principal conductor; System of Logic, 1843; Political Economy, 1848; The Enfranchisement of Women, 1853; On Liberty, and Dissertations and Discussions, 1859; M.P., 1865; resided henceforth near Avignon, France; married Mrs. Taylor, 1851; published many other works; The Subjection of Women, 1870; d. 1873. After his death his Autobiography and the Three Essays appeared.. Milman, Dean.. 307 279 Milton, John, b. in Bread St., Cheapside, London, Dec. 9, 1608; a scholar at St. Paul's School; had a private tutor, Thos. Young, to whom the 4th Elegy is addressed; entered Christ's College, Cambridge, 1625; sent away, through no fault of his, 1627; returned, and took his A.B. and A.M., 1629 and '32. FIRST PERIOD.-SHORT POEMS. Ode on the Nativity, 1629; gave up his plan of the ministry, and spent 5 years at home at Horton, 17 miles from London; L'Allegro and Il Penseroso, 1632; Arcades; mask of Comus, 1634; Lycidas, 1637; "not a close observer of nature;" went to France and thence to Italy early in 1638; met eminent men in Italy, among them Galileo; returned Aug., 1639; took a house in Aldersgate, London, and began to educate John and Edward Phillips, his sister Anne's sons; took other pupils; married Mary Powell, 1643; married happiness lasted only through the honeymoon; bride went back to her father's, and stayed nearly 2 years. SECOND PERIOD.-PAMPHLETS. 25 pamphlets in all-21 English and 4 Latin; 1, the Areopagitica, or Plea for Unlicensed Printing, the best known, 1644; 1 on Education; 4 on Divorce; 9 on ecclesiastical affairs; 8 on the civil strife; 2, personal vindications; the spirit of liberty breathes through them all; a book of M.'s early poems appeared, 1645; became Latin secretary to the Council of State, the governing power of Eng., 1649; duties were the translation into Latin of despatches sent to foreign nations, and the translation into English of despatches received; salary what would be now £900; sight of left eye gone, 1650; totally blind, 1652, either by amaurosis or by cataract ("drop serene" or "dim suffusion"); married Catharine Woodcock, his second wife, 1656; continued as Lat. sec. under Richard, Cromwell's son. THIRD PERIOD.-GREAT POEMS. Reduced almost to destitution by the Restoration, 1660; married his third wife, Elizabeth Minshull, 1663; Paradise Lost, begun in 1658, published More, Sir Thomas, b. in London, 1478; .351 Newman, John Henry, b. in London, |
