ital is adorned with two rows of leaves, between which arise little stalks or caulicoles, forming sixteen volutes. CORNET (in Military Affairs.) An instrument very similar to a trumpet, which is used in the army; also a commissioned officer in a troop of horse or dragoons. CORPORAL (in Law.) An epithet for any thing that belongs to the body, as corporal punishment, in distinction from a fine; a corCORNFLAG. A plant having a double poral oath, so called because the party taking tuberose root, with leaves like the fleur de lis, is obliged to lay his hand on the Bible. and a flower consisting of one petal, shaped CORPORAL (in Military Affairs.) A like the lily. rank and file man, with superior pay to a CORPORATION. A body politic or incorporate, so called because the persons composing it are made into one body. CORPS. A French term for any body of forces forming the division of a grand army. CORRECTION (in Printing.) The correcting of proof sheets as they come from the compositor's hands, in order to free them from all faults. CORRECTIVES. Medicines which serve to correct the qualities of other medicines. CORRECTOR. The person appointed in a printing office to correct the proofs as they come rough from the compositor's hands. CORRIDOR (in Fortification.) A covert way round a fortress; in Architecture, a long gallery leading to several chambers. CORROSIVES. Saline menstruums, which have the property of dissolving bodies, as burnt alum, white vitriol. CORSAIR. A pirate or sea robber, particularly on the coast of Barbary. CORSLET. An ancient piece of armour with which the body was protected. CORTES. The states or the assembly of the states of Spain and Portugal. CORTEX. The outer bark of a plant. CORUNDUM. A mineral of the sapphire kind, which is found in the East Indies, especially in Pegu and the island of Ceylon. CORUSCATION. A gleam of light issuing from any thing, particularly that which is produced by the electrical fluid. CORVUS (in Astronomy.) A constellation in the southern hemisphere. CORYDALES. One of Linnæus' natural orders of plants, containing those which have helmet-shaped flowers. CORYMB (in Botany.) A mode of flowering, in which the lesser flower stalks are produced along the common stalk on both sides, rising to the same height. CO-SECANT (in Geometry.) The secant of an arc, which is the complement of another arc to ninety degrees. COSMETICS. Preparations which whiten COTTONGRASS. A perennial of the COUCH. A seat, or small moveable bed to lie on. COUCH (in Husbandry.) A layer or heap of malt or barley. COUCH (in Painting.) The ground or basis on which the colour lies. COUCHGRASS. A noxious weed, which spreads very fast in arable land, and chokes every thing else that is sown. COUCHING (in Surgery.) The removing the opaque lens out of the axis of vision, so as to restore the sight. COVENANT (in Law.) An agreement or consent of two or more by deed or writing. COVERT. A thicket or shady place for deer or other animals. COVERT-WAY (in Fortification.) A space of ground level with the field on the edge of the ditch ranging quite round the works. COVERTURE (in Law.) The state of a married woman who is under the power and protection of her husband, whence she is called a feme covert. COVING (in Architecture.) The projection in houses beyond the ground plot. COUNCIL (in Law.) An assembly of the different members of any government who meet to consult about affairs. COUNCIL (in Ecclesiastical Affairs.) The same as the synod. COUNCIL OF WAR (in Military Affairs.) An assembly of the chief officers in the army or navy, called by the general or admiral in particular emergencies, to concert measures for their conduct. by couples, being always borne in pairs, one on each side a chevron. COUPLES (in Building.) Rafters framed together in pairs with a tie. COUPLET. The division of a hymn, ode, or song, wherein an equal number or an equal measure of verses is found in each part. COURANT. An epithet for any beast represented in an escutcheon in a running attitude. COURSE. A sea term, for that point of the horizon or compass for which a ship steers. COURSE (in Masonry.) A continued range of bricks or stones of the same height. COURSE OF EXCHANGE (in Commerce.) The current price or rate at which the coin of one country is exchanged for that of another; which, as it depends upon the balance of trade and the political relations which subsist between the two countries, is always fluctuating. COURSER. A race horse. COURSING. The pursuing of any beast of chase, as the hare, &c. with greyhounds. COURT (in Law.) The place where justice is judicially administered. Courts COURTS OF CONSCIENCE. for the recovery of small debts. COVY. An assemblage of wild fowl, particularly partridges. COW. The female of neat cattle, and one of the most useful of domestic animals, which supplies milk, butter, and cheese. The engraving represents some of them in their favourite summer position, in water, to which they reCOUNTERFEIT. A fraudulent imitation tire to escape from the attacks of insects. There of any thing, made so as to pass for genuine, are numerous breeds, but the Holderness and as counterfeit coin. Alderney are preferred in South Britain, and COUNTERMINE. A mine made by the the Ayrshire, represented in the engraving, is besieged, in order to blow up the mine of the the most esteemed in North Britain. besiegers. COUNTERSCARP (in Fortification.) That side of the ditch which is next the camp, and faces the body of the place. COUNTER-TENOR (in Music.) One of the middle parts, so called because it is as it were opposed to the tenor. COUNTINGHOUSE. An office in which a merchant transacts his business. COUNTRY DANCE (in Music.) A lively pointed air calculated for dancing. COUNTY. Any certain portion of country into which a state or empire may be divided. COUP DE MAIN. A sudden unpremeditated attack. COUP D'ŒIL. The first glance of the eye, with which it surveys any object at large. COUP DE SOLEIL. Any disorder suddenly produced by the violent scorching of the sun. COUPLE. A band with which dogs are tied together. COW.POX. A pustule which, when transferred from the udder of a cow to the human body, exhausts or neutralizes some morbid action of the rete mucosum, and prevents a disease of the same membrane, called variola, or small pox. COUPLE-CLOSE (in Heraldry.) An or- COWRY. A testaceous animal which is dinary, so termed from its enclosing the chevron said to have the power of leaving its shell and forming a new one. These animals live in is noted for its sagacity, and the flocks keep a sand at the bottom of the sea. The shell is sentinel to warn them of danger. used as a coin in India. COWSLIP. A plant which grows wild in the meadows; and bears a pretty yellow flower. CR. An abbreviation for creditor. CRAB. A sort of shell-fish, which every year cast off their old shells. There are 204 species, which in general have eight legs, besides two large claws. The most remarkable are the violet crabs of the Bahamas, which live in the mountains, but once a year proceed to the sea in a body of many millions, a journey which employs them some weeks. Here they cast their spawn, and soon after millions of young crabs travel into the mountains. Crabs are often used as food, and in a merciless manner put to death in boiling water. Shrimps, prawns, and lobsters, are of the same genus. CRANE. A simple contrivance, by which a pulley is projected so as to be perpendicular to the weight intended to be raised. CRAB (in Astronomy.) Cancer, one of the signs of the zodiac. CRAB (in Botany.) A wild apple tree, and also the fruit of that tree. CRAB (among Shipwrights.) An engine with three claws for launching of ships. CRAB'S EYE. A stone found in the craw fish, resembling an eye. CRAB-TREE, or Pyrus malus, L. is an indigenous plant, growing in woods and hedges; it flourishes better on declivities and in shady places, than in open, exposed situations, or on boggy soils. Its blos- the geranium. CRANESBILL. The English name for soms are white, and appear in the month of CRANIOLOGY. The science which proMay. CRADLE (with Surgeons.) A wooden machine to lay a broken leg in after it has been set. CRADLE (with Shipwrights.) A frame of timber raised on each side of a ship, for the more convenient launching of her. CRAMP. A spasmodic affection, which causes a violent distortion of the muscles, nerves, &c.; also, a disease to which hawks are subject in their wings. CRAMP IRONS. Irons which fasten stones in buildings. CRANBERRY. A pale red berry of a tart taste, the fruit of the cranberry tree. CRANE. A species of heron, with long, straight, sharp bills, and feet with four toes, of which there are 96 species. The common crane, or ardea grus has black wingfeathers, with an ash-coloured body, and flies in great flocks in many countries. The Siberian crane fesses to discover men's faculties and characters from the external appearances of the skull. CRANIUM. The skull, or superior part of the head. CRANK. A machine resembling an elbow, projecting from an axis or spindle, which by its rotation serves to raise or lower the pistons of engines for raising water; also, a piece of brass work of a similar shape, on which the bell wire is fixed, so as to move the bell. CRAPE. A light transparent stuff, resem bling gauze. CRATE. A large case made of open bars in which earthen ware is packed. CRATER. The mouth of a volcano, from which the fire issues. CRAY FISH, or CRAW FISH. A small sort of lobster. CRAYON. A small pencil of any sort of colouring stuff, made into a paste and dried. CREAM OF TARTAR. The common white tartar freed from its impurities; a salt prits were nailed by the hands and feet, and CROCUS. A bulbous plant, that flowers very early in spring. CROP. The craw of a bird; also, the produce of what is sown in a field. CROSS. An instrument of cruel punishment among the Romans, &c. to which cul |