He is frequently mentioned in literary history by the name of Adamus, Scotus. Some of his works, which relate to theology, are still preserved. He died about the year 1180.

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in their composition, that they have been allowed, by the best judges, sufficient of themselves to establish his fame unrivalled as an artist. His death was occasioned by the bursting of a blood vessel in his stomach; and his remains were deposited in the south side of Westminster Abbey

ADAM (JAMES), architect, brother of the foregoing, died October 20, 1794. Before

ADAM (ROBERT), architect, was born in 1728, at Kirkaldy, in Fifeshire, and received his education at the university of Edinburgh. After his return from a visit to Italy, where he assiduously studied the models of ancient architecture, Mr. A-the reform of the Board of dam was appointed architect to Works, by Mr. Burke's bill, his majesty, in the year 1762; Mr. Adam held the office of arwhich office being incompatible chitect to his majesty. The with a seat in parliament, he Adelphi buildings and Portland resigned in 1768, upon being Place, in London, are monuelected to represent the county ments of his taste and abilities, of Kinross. Mr. Adam produ- in his profession. ced a total change in the archi tecture of this country; and his fertile genius in elegant orna ment was not confined to the decoration of buildings, but has been diffused into almost every branch of manufacture. At the time of his death, March 3 1792, the new university of Edinburgh, and other great public works, both in that city and in Glasgow, were erecting from his designs, and under his direction.

ADAMSON (PATRICK), archbishop of St Andrews, was born at Perth in the year 1536.. Here he received the rudiments of his education; and he afterwards studied philosophy, and took his degree of master of arts, at the university of St Andrews. In the year 1566 he set out for Paris, as tutor, to a young gen tleman, where he stayed some. months, and then retired to Bourges. He was in this city To the last period of his during the massacre at Paris; life, Mr. A am displayed an in- and lived concealed for seven creasing vigour of genius, and months at a public house, the refinement of taste; for, in the humane master of which, though space of one year preceling his up wards of 70 years of age, was, death, he designed eight great upon the circumstance being Fublic works, besides twenty-discovered, thrown from the top five private buildings, so various of the house, and had his brains in their style, and so beautiful dashed out, for his charity te

Mallet, and Allan Ramsay, were his intimate friends, and severally wrote verses to his memory.

heretics! In 1573 Adamson returned to Scotland. The Earl of Morton, then regent, on the death of bishop Douglas, promoted him to the archiepiscopal see of St. Andrews; a dignity which brought upon him great trouble and uneasiness, from the clamours of the Presbyterian party. Archbishop Adamson resided for some years at the court of queen Elizabeth, as ALES (ALEXANDER), ambassador from king James VI.a celebrated divine of the cou

In 1584 he was recalled; and the presbyterian party being still very violent against him, he was excommunicated by a provincial synod held at St. An drews in April 1586. The bishop appealed from this sentence to the king and the states, but this availed him little; and a paper having been given in at the next general assembly containing his submission, he was absolved from the sentence of excommunication. Besides other literary labours, he turned the book of job, the Lamentation of Jeremiah, and the Revelation of St. John, into Latin verse. The revenues of his see having, upon his disgrace, been given by the king to the duke of Lennox, he died, in 1591, in a state of indigence, unsuitable to his own worth, or to the high characters in which he had figured.

AIKMAN (WILLIAM), an eminent Scottish painter, was born in 1682, and died in 1731. The celebrated poets, Thomson,

AIDAN, a famous Scottish bishop of Lindisfarne, or Holy Island, in the 7th century, who was employed by Oswald, king of Northumberland, in the conversion of the English, in which he was very successful. He died in 651.

fession of Augsbourg, was born at Edinburgh, April 23, 1500. He had made a considerable progress in school divinity, and early entered the lists against Luther. Afterwards he had a share in the opposition which Mr. Patrick Hamilton sustained from the ecclesiastics, in consequence of the new faith he had imbibed at Marpurgh. But Mr. Hamilton, partly by his discourse, and especially by the constancy he shewed at the stake when Beaton, archbishop of St. Andrews cruelly caused him to be burnt, soon made Ales waver in his opinions, insomuch that, retiring to Germany, he became a convert to the Protestant religion. He was appointed pro fessor of divinity at Francfort upon the Oder, and afterwards at Leipsic, where he died in March 1565. He wrote a commentary on St. John, on the Epistles to Timothy, and on the Psalms.

ALEXANDER I, king of Scotland, succeeded his brother

Edgar in 1106; and died at Charles I, was born in 1580. In Stirling in 1124, after a peace- 1607 he published some dra ful reign of eighteen years. matic pieces, intituled "The ALEXANDER II, king of Monarchic Tragedies," dedicatScotland, succeeded his father ed to king James. After this William in 1213, at 16 years of he is said to have written a supage. He made an expedition plement to complete the third into England to oppose the tyr- part of sir Philip Sidney's Arrany of king John, who return-cadia; and in 1613 he produced ed the visit, and was offered bat a poem called Doomsday, or tle by Alexander, but refused it. the great day of Judgment." He took from Henry III. the His poetry, for purity and ele city of Carlisle, which was afgance, is far beyond the geneterwards exchanged for Ber-rality of the productious of the wick. Alexander died in 1249, in the 51st year of his age, and 35th of his reign, and left as his successor his son

age in which he lived. His "Recreation of the Muses" was printed in folio in 1637, to which is prefixed his portrait by Marshall, esteemed the best of that artist's works. In 1626 he was made secretary of state for Se tland; was created first viscount and then earl of Stirling; and died in 1640.

ALEXANDER III, who was crowned king of Scotland in 1249. The Cumines, lords of Buchan, took arms against him, and, taking him prisoner, confined him at Stirling; but he was speedily released by his sub- ALLAN (DAVID), a celejects. He married the daugh-brated Scottish painter. He reter of Henry III. king of Eng-ceived the rudiments of his art land. After a long reign of 42 in the Academy of Painting in. years, he was accidentally killed stituted and carried on for a by a fall from his horse, on the considerable time by Mess. Fou 10th of April 1290. The spot lis in Glasgow. From thence where this fatal accident occur- he went to Italy, where he spent red, though marked by no mo many years in unremitting apnument, is still pointed out: it plication to the study of the is situated on the coast of Fife, great models of antiquity. At on a bank close by the sea, about | Rome, in the year 1773, he half way between the town of gained the prize medal given Burntisland, and the creek of by the academy of St. Luke for Pettycur. the best specimen of historical composition; and it is believed he was the only Scotsman, (Mr. Gavin Hamilton excepted) who has ever obtained that honour.

ALEXANDER (WILLIAM), earl of Stirling, an eminent poet and statesman in the reigns of James VI. and

ANDERSON (ADAM). brother of the foregoing, was

Soon after his return to his native country, he was appointed director and master of the aca-for forty years a clerk in the South Sea house, and at length was appointed chief clerk of the stock and new annuities, which office he retained till his death. He was one of the trustees for establishing the colony of Geor

demy established at Edinburgh by the honourable board of trustees for manufactures and improvements, for the purpose of diffusing a knowledge of the principles of the fine arts, and elegance of design in the vagia in America, and one of the rious manufactures and works which require to be figured and ornamented; a charge for which he was peculiarly well qualified, by the extensive knowledge he possessed of every branch of the art. His admirable talents formation. Mr Anderson died, composition, the truth with January 10, 1775. which he delineated nature, and the characteristic humour that distinguished his pictures, draw-versisy of Aberdeen in the reign

court of assistants of the Scots corporation in London. In 1762 he published his "Historical and Chronological Deduction of Trade and Commerce," a work replete with useful infor.

ARBUTHNOT (ALEXANDER), principal of the uni

Arbuthnot died in 1583, in the 45th year of his age, and was buried in the College Church of Aberdeen.

ings, and etchings, are not ex- of James VI, was born in the ceeded by any artist in Britain. year 1538. He wrote "OraIn private life, his character was tiones de origine et dignitate marked by the strictest honour juris," printed at Edinburgh and integrity, his manners were 1572, in 4to. His cotemporary, gentle, unassuming, and oblig-Thomas Maitland, wrote a coing; and he will be long re-py of Latin verses on the publi membered, and his loss regret-cation of this book. Principal ted, by every one who enjoyed the happiness of his friendship. Mr. Allan died August 6, 1796. ANDERSON (Dr. JAMES), author of the "Royal Genealogies" and "Diplomata Scotia," was for many years minister of the Scots presbyterian church in Swallow Street, Piccadilly. The latter of these works beingcated at Aberdeen, where he left imperfect by the author's received his degree in physic. death, which happened May 28, His father was an episcopal 1739, was finished by the late clergyman in Scotland, nearly Mr. Thomas Ruddiman, allied to the noble family of Ar

ARBUTHNOT (DrJOHN), a celebrated wit and physician in the reign of queen Anne. He was born in Kincardineshire, near Montrose, and was edu

buthnot. On his removal to | Hampstead, in hopes of finding London, his uncommon learn- some small relief for this afflic ing, and facetious and agreeable tion; but he died at his house conversation, introduced him by in Cork-street, Burlington-gardegrees into extensive practice, dens, in February 1735. His and he became eminent in his letter to Pope, written as it profession. Being at Epsom were upon his death-bed, and when prince George of Den- which no one can read without mark was suddenly taken ill, he the tenderest emotion, discovers was called in to his assistance. such a noble fortitude of mind His advice was successful; and at the approach of his dissoluhis highness, recovering, em- tion, as could be inspired only ployed him always afterwards as by a clear conscience, and the his physician. In consequence calm retrospect of an uninterof this, upon the indisposition rupted series of virtue. "I have of Dr. Hannes, he was appoint- nothing" he says, "to repay my ed physician in ordinary to friends with at present but queen Anne in 1709, and ad- | prayers and good wishes. I have mitted a member of the royal the satisfaction to find that I am college of physicians, as he had as officiously served by my been some years of the royal so- friends, as he that has thousands ciety, of London. His gentle to leave in legacies; besides the manners, polite learning, and assurance of their sincerity. excellent talents, procured him God Almighty has made my boan intimate correspondence and dily distress as easy as a thing friendship with the celebrated of that nature can be. I have wits of his time, Pope, Swift, found some relief, at least some Gay, and Parnell. In 1727 he times, from the air of this place. published "Tables of Ancient My nights are bad, but many Coins, Weights, and measures,' poor creatures have worse. As in 4to. In 1732, his "Essay for you, my good friend, I think, concerning the Nature of Ali- since our first acquaintance, ments, the choice of them," &c. there have not been any of those which was followed the year little suspicions or jealousies, after by the "Effects of Air on that often affect the sincerest Human Bodies." He was ap-friendships: I am sure, not on parently led to the subject of my side. I must be so sincere these last treatises, by the con- as to own, that though I could sideration of his own case, an not help valuing you for those asthma, which, gradually in- talents which the world prizes, creasing with his years, became yet they were not the foundashortly after desperate and in- tion of my friendship; they were curable. In 1734 he retired to quite of another sort; nor shall