Rumania, Turkey, Persia, Morocco and other backward countries. Maintains 166 schools and many relief stations. The American Jewish Committee.-A national Jewish committee was organized April, 1906, No. 356 Second avenue, New York City. Executive committee: Mayer Sulzberger, president; Julian W. Mack, vice-president; Isaac W. Bernheim, treasurer; Herbert Friedenwald, secretary. Fourteen districts. American Jewish Historical Society. Organized 1892. Office, No. 531 W. 123d street, New York City; membership 349. Officers: Pres., Cyrus Adler, Philadelphia, Penn.; vice-presidents, Simon W. Rosendale, Albany, N. Y.; Richard J. H. Gottheil, New York City; David Philipson, Cincinnati, O.; Julian W. Mack, Washington, D. C.; treas., N. Taylor Phillips, New York City; curator, Leon Huhner, New York City; cor. sec., Albert M. Friedenberg, No. 38 Park Row, New York City; rec, sec., Herbert Friedenwald, No. 356 Second avenue, New York City. Baron de Hirsch Fund.-Incorporated 1890. Office, No. 43 Exchange place, New York City. The activities of the Fund fall under the following heads: (1) Baron de Hirsch Agricultural School, Woodbine, N. J., offers to Jewish young men a course in agriculture, consisting of two years; (2) Baron de Hirsch Trade School, No. 222 E. 64th street, New York City, offers instruction in day classes in the following trades: Machinist, plumbing, electrical, house, fresco and sign painting, printing, stationary engineering and sheet metal work; (3) controls the Woodbine Land and Improvement Company; (4) English education to immigrants. Branches: Baltimore, Boston, Brooklyn, Chicago, Denver, Philadelphia, Pittsburg and St. Louis, Officers: Pres., Eugene S. Benjamin; vice-pres., Jacob H. Schiff; treas., Murry Guggenheim; hon. sec., Max J. Kohler, No. 52 William street; general agent, H. L. Sabsovich, all of New York City. Central Conference of American Rabbis.-Organized July 9, 1889. Membership, 209. Officers (1912-1913): Hon, pres., Kaufman Kohler, Cincinnati, Ohio; pres., Samuel Schulman, No. 55 E. 92d st., New York City; vice-pres., Moses J. Gries, Cleveland, O.; treas., Leo M. Franklin, Detroit, Mich.; rec. sec., Julian Morgenstern, Cincinnati, Ohio; cor. sec., Solomon Foster, No. 264 Clinton ave., Newark, N. J. Council of Jewish Women. Organized September, 1893. Office, No. 448 Central Park West, New York City. The work of the Council is conducted under the following committees: Religion, religious schools, philanthropy, Jewish juniors, reciprocity, peace, education, purity of the press, immigrant aid. The national body supports a committee on immigrant aid and the sections (51) engage in philanthropic, educational and religious work. Officers: Pres., Marion L. Misch (Mrs. Caesar), No. 400 Westminster street, Providence, R. I.; first vice-pres., Bertha F. Rauh (Mrs. Enoch), Pittsburg, Penn.; rec. sec., Laura Kessel (Mrs. Paul), Kansas City, Mo.; auditor, Bertha Streng (Mrs. Henry), Louisville, Ky.; executive sec., Sadie American, No. 448 Central Park West, New York City; chairman Department of Immigrant Aid, Miss Sadie American, No. 448 Central Park West, New York City; New York section of Council of Jewish Women: Pres., Miss Sadie Anterican, No. 448 Central Park West; sec., Miss Sara X. Schottenfels, No. 59 W. 92d street; treasurer, Mrs. Dan Richman, 601 W. 115th street. Dropsie College for Hebrew and Cognate Learning.-Incorporated May 20, 1907. Office: Broad street, near York, Philadelphia, Penn. Officers: Pres., Cyrus Adler, No. 2041 N. Broad street; vice-pres., Mayer Sulzberger; treas., Oscar B. Teller; sec., Ephraim Lederer, all of Philadelphia, Penn. Educational League for the Higher Education of Orphans.-Organized 1896. Office: Jewish Orphan Asylum, Cleveland, Ohio. The object of the League is the fostering of the higher education of orphan children. Membership, 1,182 contributing meinbers, 287 patron members, 5 honorary life members. Officers: President, Martin A. Marks; vice-president, Emil Nathan; treasurer, Dr. S. Wolfenstein; secretary, Alfred A. Benesh, Room 620, Society for Savings Building, Cleveland, Ohio. Federation of American Zionists. - Organized 1897. Office, No. 230 Grand street, New York City. Number of shekel payers, 14,000; societies, 106. Camps of Order Bnai Zion (affiliated), 50. Circles of Young Judaea (affiliated), 120; camps, 60. Officers: Hon. pres., Harry Friedenwald, Baltimore, Md.; chairman of executive committee, Louis Lipsky; treas., Michael Salit; hon. sec., Bernard A. Rosenblatt, all of New York City. Executive committee: M. Brodsky, Jacob Fishman, Bernard Semel, J. L. Magnes, D. de Sola Pool, B. G. Richards, Victor Schwartz, all of New York City. Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid Society. -Organized January 23, 1900. Office: No. 174 Second avenue, New York City. Officers: Pres., Alfred Jaretzki; vice-pres., Percy S. Strauss, treasurer, Eugene Meyer, jr.; sec., Solomon G. Rosenbaum; gen. man., Leonard G. Robinson, all of New York City. The society assists and encourages Jewish immigrants to become farmers: helps them to find suitable farms, and grants loans on easy terms and at low rate of interest toward the purchase of the farms, and for their equipment maintains an agricultural educational bureau and publishes "The Jewish Farmer," a monthly agricultural paper in Yiddish, for the benefit of those farmers who, on account of their unfamiliarity with English, cannot take advantage of the government bulletins and agricultural publications. Maintains a corps of itinerant agricultural instructors in the Jewish farming communities, who lecture to the farmers and organize them for co-operation and mutual self-help. Grants free scholarships to children of Jewish farmers to enable them to attend short winter courses in the State Agricultural Colleges. Maintains a farm labor bureau, finding employment on farms for Jewish immigrants without cost to employer or employe. The society was the first to establish co-operative agricultural credit associations on American The value of farm property in New England in 1910 was $760,000,000. soil. Has aided 2,500 Jewish farmers in 28 states and in Canada with loans aggregating $1,500,000. National Conference of Jewish Charities in the United States. Organized 1899. Office, No. 411 W. Fayette street, Baltimore, Md. The objects of this association are to discuss the problems of charities and to promote reforms in their administration; to provide uniform.ity of action and co-operation in all matters pertaining to the relief and betterment of the Jewish poor of the United States, without, however, interfering in any manner with the local work of any constituent society. Members, 130 societies. Officers (1910-'12): Pres., Cyrus L. Sulzberger, New York City; vice-presidents, Chas Eiseman, Cleveland, O.; Aaron Cohen, Pittsburg, Penn.; Morris D. Waldman, New York City; sec., Louis H. Levin, No. 411 W. Fayette, Baltimore, Md.; treas., Bernard Greensfelder, St. Louis, Mo. The National Farm School.-Incorporated April 10, 1896. School and farms, Farm School, Bucks County, Penn. Business office, Room 407, Mutual Life Bldg., Philadelphia, Penn. Membership, 1,630. Officers: President, Joseph Krauskopf, No. 4715 Pulaski avenue, Germantown, Penn.; vice-pres., Harry B. Hirsch; treas., Isaac H. Silverman; sec., Isaac Landman, Room 407, Mutual Life Bldg., Philadelphia, Penn.; director, J. H. Washburn. Object: The training of poor lads from. the congested centres of large cities, irrespective of creed, in practical and scientific agriculture. National Union of Jewish Immigrant Aid Societies. - Organized January 23, 1910. Office, No. 229 E. Broadway, New York City. Officers: Pres., Louis E. Levy, Philadelphia, Penn.; treas., Leon Sanders; sec., Miss Carrie Wise, No. 229 E. Broadway, New York City. Constituent societies: New York Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid Society, Philadelphia Association for Protection of Jewish Immigrants, Baltimore Hebrew Immigrant Protective Association, Boston Hebrew Immigrant Society. The Union of American Hebrew Congregations.-Organized 1873. Office, Cin cinnati, Ohio. Members, 190 congregations. There are three departments. (1) Executive and Financial. (2) Hebrew Union College, pres. board of governors, Edward L. Heinsheimer, Cincinnati, Ohio; (3) Board of Delegates on Civil Rights, chairman, Simon Wolf, No. 700 14th street, N. W., Washington, D. C.; (4) Board of Synagogue and School Extension, chairman, Sol Fox; director, Rabbi George Zepin, both of Cincinnati, Ohio. Executive and Financial officers: Pres., J. Walter Freiberg, Cincinnati, Ohio; vice-pres., Charles Shohl, Cincinnati, Ohio; treas., Solomon Fox, Cincinnati, Ohio; sec., Lipman Levy, Fourth National Bank Bldg., Cincinnati, Ohio. The twenty-third Council, to meet January 21-23, 1913, Cincinnati, Ohio, will be attended by delegates from all the Progressive congregations of the United States. Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of the United States and Canada.Organized June 8, 1898. Office, No. 99 Central Park West, New York City. Officers: Pres., H. Pereira Mendes, No. 99 Central Park West, New York City; vicepres., Meldola de Sola, Montreal. Can; treas., Jacob Hecht; sec., Albert Lucas, No. 56 W. 105th street, New York City. YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATIONS. The Young Men's Christian Association was organized in London in 1844 by George Williams, a junior clerk in a large drygoods house. There are 8,600 Associations in the world, with a total membership of 972,000. The first Association in America was established in Montreal in 1851; the first in the United States at Boston later in the same year, and the New York City Association in 1852. The North American work is conducted along the following general departments: Office, field, city and town, county work, railroad, student, army and navy, colored and Indian, and sub-departments of religious work and Bible study, educational, physical, social and boys' work. The membership of the 2,200 North American Associations is 566,000 and the net value of their property is $73,000,000; 570 report libraries; 756 occupy buildings of their own. There are 67,000 young men as students in educational classes, 300,000 in their physical departments and 100,000 different students in Bible classes. They employ 3,600 general secretaries and other paid officials and expended last year for current expenses-local, state and international$11,302,500. Officers of the International Committee. -Office, 124 E. 28th street, New York City. Chairman, Alfred E. Marling; treas., Frederick B. Schenck; gen. secs., Richard C. Morse and John R. Mott. Board of trustees, treas., Gilbert Colgate. Officers of World's Committee.-Headquarters, 3 Rue General Dufour, Geneva, Switzerland. Chairman, vice-pres., Louis Perrot; treas., Paul Des Gouttes; gen. secs., Em. Sautter and Christian Phildius. Officers of New York State Committee. -Office, 215 W. 23d street, New York City. Chairman, William M. Kingsley; treas., Samuel Woolverton; gen. sec., Frank W. Pearsall. This committee was incorporated under the laws of New York State April 14, 1896, having for its object "the establishing and assisting Young Men's Christian Associations generally and to provide for the spiritual, intellectual, physical and social well-being of young men in accordance with the aims and methods of Young Men's Christian Associations of the State of New York." The membership in the state is divided as follows: General, 34,841; railroad, 9,826; students, 2,405; boys, 14,800; county, 1,249; colored, 487; total, 63,608, Officers of New York City Association. -General office, 215 W. 23d street. The average value of occupied farm land in Canada in 1910 was $38.45 an acre. Pres., William Fellowes Morgan; treas., Samuel Sloan; gen, sec., Henry M. Orne. The New York City Association has a membership of 17,000 and is organized in 15 branches, which carry on work at 33 different points. There are 5,580 different students in its educational classes. UNIVERSITIES, COLLEGES AND SCHOOLS OF TECHNOLOGY IN THE UNITED STATES. Note. Where "U" appears it means "University"; "P. I." means "Polytechnic Institute"; no letter, "Colleges." Indicates for both sexes, The statistics which follow cover the academic year 1912-'13, or the latest year for which statistics are available. Table I.-Statistics of Universities and Colleges for Men and for Both Sexes. Antioch College Springs, Ia.. Robt. A. McConagha 11 200 70,000 16 156 300,000 Ark. Cumberland... Clarksville, Ark..... Edw. Everett Morris 65,000 Ashland Ashland, Ohio...... W. D. Furry... Atlanta Baptist. Atlanta, Ga. John Hope Atlanta U.... Atlanta, Ga..... Edward T. Ware... Augsburg Seminary.. Augustana C & T S. Rock Island, Ill..... *Baker *Baldwin U.. Bacone *Bates *Baylor U.... Berea, Ohio Bacone, Okla. Lewiston, Me....... *Beaver C. & M. I... Beaver, Penn. *Bellevue R. L. Waggoner.... Minneapolis, Minn.. George Sverdrup, jr. Gustav A. Andreen., Thomas S. Clyce.... 637,000 Beloit, Wis. Benedict *Berea *Bethany *Bethany *Bethel Bethel Biddle U.... *Blackburn Columbia, S. C..... Stephen W. Stookey. 17 200 150,000 22 200 250,000 34 28 380 1,730,000 682 250,000 80 1,600 1,500,000 Russelville, Ky. Florian D. Perkins.. Charlotte, N. C..... H. L. McCrorey. Blue Ridge.... New Windsor, Md.. Jno. J. John..... Boston College. Boston, Mass. Thomas I. Gasson.. *Boston U.... Boston, Mass. Bowdoin *Bowdon Brunswick. Me/Wm. De Witt Hyde. 82 393 2,149,000 Vachel D. Whatley. 10 550 40,000 *Bridgewater *Brigham Young. Brown U..... ....... Brooklyn, N. Y..... John H. O'Rourke.. Buffalo, N. Y...... Aug. A. Miller... Capital U............ Columbus, Ohio..... R. C. H. Lenski... | Northfield, Minn... Donald J. Cowling.. There were in 1910-'11 10,234 public high schools in the United States. Bridgewater, Va.... John S. Flory...... |James H. Linford... Name of institution. *Carleton Carnegie U..... •Carroll ..... Farmington, Mo... C. V. Gilliland. Carson and Newman Jefferson City, Tenn. *Carthage Catholic U. of Am.. Washington, D. C.. *Cedarville J. J. H. Vanderheide | Carthage, 1. 360,000 Cedarville, Ohio... Thos. J. Shahan.. 55860 2,250,000 *Centenary C. of La. Jackson, La.... William L. Weber.. 7 125 150,000 *Central *Central Fayette, Mo........ William A. Webb... 12 196 460,000 Central Miss. Inst... French Camp, Miss. John L. Beyl... Central H. 8. of P.. Philadelphia Robert E. Thompson 106 2,211 1,500,000 *Central Wesleyan... | Warrenton. Mo..... Otto E. Kriege.. 22 330 315,000 *Charles City Central U. of Ky.... Danville, Ky...... Fred W. Hinitt... 28 184 800,000 230,000 Charleston Charleston, S. C.... H. Randolph.... 10 73 500,000 Christian Brothers... St. Louis, Mo....... Brother L. Sixtus. 750,000 125,000 Canton, Mo..... Carl Johann Bethany, Neb...... | William Oeschger... Dak. Wesleyan U... Mitchell, S. D...... W. G. Seaman...... 14 176 275,000 41 741 961,000 *Dallas Dallas, Ore. Abraham A. Winter 31 574 600,000 8 117 70,000 Dartmouth Hanover, N. H..... Ernest F. Nichols.. 125 1,300 5,264,000 Davidson Davis and Elkins. •Defiance Delaware Denison U.. •De Pauw U.. Des Moines •Dickinson Defiance, Ohto... P. W. McReynolds.. 27 481 490,000 Eugene A. Noble. 191 300 1,347,000 •Doane Drake U..... •Drury Duquesne U.. *Eastern *Elon Emory Emory and Henry. *Emporia Epworth •Erskine • Eureka Evang. Proseminar •Ewing *Fairmount *Fargo *Findlay *Fisk U.. *Fort Worth U...... *Franklin •Franklin Crete, Neb.... Des Moines, Iowa... Hill McC. Bell... Oxford, Ga.... Emory, Va... Eureka, Ill... William H. Harper. .. ID. Irion J. A. Leavitt. Henry E. Thayer.. Elmhurst, Ill.... New Athens, Ohio.. Franklin & Marshall Lancaster, Penn.... Henry H. Apple. Fredericksburg, Va.. J. N. Barney. Edmund. Stanley. Furman U... Greenville, S. C.... Edwin McN. Poteat. 14 334 There are in Japan 27,125 primary schools for boys and girls. .. David B. Perry. Richmond, Ind...... Robert T.. Kelly..... Name of institution. Gale *Gallaudet *Geneva .... Beaver Falls, Penn. W. H. George......| 19| 130| 400,000 | 21 250| 550,000 ..Arthur L. Breslich.. 28 286 475,000 71 85 150,000 30 490 500,000 79,000 16 125 150,000 21 290 120,000 *Georgetown ..... Georgetown, Ky.... | Arthur Yeager *German Wallace. Berea, Ohto Washington, D. C... E. De L. McDonnell. Greenville. Ill. Louis Taelman... Clinton, N. Y... [M. Woolsev Stryker. Tiffin. Ohio *Henderson-Brown ... Arkadelphia, Ark.... Hendrix *Henry Kendall *Highland *Hillsdale •Hiram Hiawassee Hobart Holy Cross *Hope Howard *Howard *Howard Payne. *Huron *Idaho *Illinois Conway, Ark. *Illinois Western U.. Charles E. Miller. G. H. Crowell.... Bacone, Okla... Ewing N. Collette *Indiana U........! Bloomington, Ind.... *lowa Wesleyan TT... Mt. Pleasant, Iowa.. *James Millikin U... Decatur, 11... Convent, La.... 45 607 1,592,000 24 774 500,000 14 342 350.000 24 320 300,000 20 16 185 1,500,000 3301 1,024,000 9 121 500,000 18 255 434,000 771 4,195 24,907,000 12 100 226,000 21 18 167 3,000,000 32 400 700,000 | 18 250 125,000 325,000 14 149 160,000 144,000 484,000 325.000 137 25,000 21 90 1,237.000 650,000 U..... Holland, Mich...... Anne Vennema.... 24 425 585,000 225,000 135 1,500 1,500,000 15 316 175,000 23 484 696.000 200,000 25 3101 700.00 401 6101 624.000 151 250 300.000 11/ 120 100,000 Wm. Lowe Bryan... 901 1.450 1,544,000 23 3351 600,000 76 1,144 605,000 IR. H. Smith 19 180 200.000 Lincoln Hulley 700.000 Ira Remsen *Kansas City U......! Kansas City, Kan... Kentucky Mil. Inst..T.vndon, Ky.. Kalamazoo. Mich... I. H. Brumbaugh.. 342,000 600,000 David S. Stephens. 701 348 542,000 "Kentucky Wesleyan. Winchester. Ky..... Kenyon King *Kingfisher *Knox *Knoxville Lafayette *La Fayette Gambler. Ohio. Kingfisher, Okla Calvin B. Moody.. Galesburg. II...Thomas McClelland. Charles W Fowler. 167.000 14 108 1,061,000 71 70 75,000 13 130 250,000 321 35 559 1,038,000 465 190,000 57 600 1,822,000 10 250 50,000 10 150 100,000 Lake Forest Brother D. Edward. 15 170 130,000 Lane *Lawrence 215 1,707,000 350 85,000 | Appleton. Wis.... Leander Clark 623 1,264,000 Toledo, Iowa *Lebanon Valley. Franklin E. Brooke. 19 350 485,000 Lehigh Leland U........ L'ld Stanford Jr. *Lenoir Annville. Penn. IG. D. Gossard 18 119 299,000 68 617 3,400,000 53 1,715 417,000 U.Palo Alto, Cal...... David S. Jordan. *Lenox *Lewis Institute..... Chicago, Ill. . Geo. Noble Carman. *Lincoln .. | Lincoln, III.......... | Jas. H. McMurray.. 15 3081 210,000 The number of are lamps manufactured in the United States in 1909 was 123,543. 204 1,650 30,000,000 15 226 125,000 12 158 200,000 100 3,500 1,875,000 |