lished only in the latter half of the seventeenth century. It is not found in Shakespeare. The form hurricano occurs also in Troilus and Cressida, v. 2. 172, where likewise it has the sense of waterspout.

inheriting (ii. 2. 17), possessing. M.E. inheriten, enheriten, O. Fr. en-heriter, Lat. hereditare, to inherit. Often used in E. E. in the loose sense of 'come into possession of'. Cf. the Biblical phrase, shall inherit the earth".

interess'd (i. 1. 78), interested, concerned. Interess (noun and verb) is the early form of interest, and is common in E. E. From M. E. and Anglo- Fr. interesse (subst.), Lat. interesse, to concern, be of importance.

intrinse (ii. 2. 69), intricate, involved. Perhaps an abbreviation of intrinsicate: see Antony and Cleopatra, v. 2. 307. Cf. reverbs, i. 1. 147. 1

justicer (iii. 6. 21, 54). O.Fr. justicier. Late Lat. justitiarius; thus identical in derivation with 'justiciar' or 'justiciary'. It is used by Shakespeare in the sense of 'justiciar' or 'administrator of justice'; but it has often the less specialized meaning of 'one who maintains justice, upholds the right', as in iv. 2. 79. iii. 6. 21 the Folios and Quartos read justice: Theobald's emendation justicer is supported by

line 54.

In

knapped (ii. 4. 119), knocked, struck. Of onomatopoetic formation, the original meaning being 'to strike with a hard sharp sound'.

knave (i. 1. 15; i. 4. 42, 93), boy, servant. M.E. knaue, O.E. cnafa, cnapa, a boy. Cf. Ger. knabe. From meaning a male child, it came to mean a boy employed as a servant, in both of which senses it is used in King Lear. Shakespeare uses it also

(M 906)

in its modern sense of 'rascal, villain'.

liege (i. 1. 28), sovereign. M.E. lige, lege, liege, O.Fr. lige, liege, O.H.G. ledic, free, unrestrained. Hence properly used, as in the title liege-lord, of the feudal suzerain. Skeat quotes from Barbour's Bruce, Bot and I lif in lege pouste" but if I survive in free and undisputed sovereignty. But by supposed connection with Lat. ligatus, ligare, to bind, the word was applied to the vassals of the liege-lord. Hence the modern use in the sense of citizens, as in the phrase 'the safety of the lieges'.

mainly (iv. 7. 6^), perfectly. Cf. main='chief, pr1ncipal'. O.Fr. maine, magne, great, Lat. magnus. Commonly in Shakespeare with the sense forcibly, mightily'.

marry (iii. 2. 36; iv. 2. 68), an exclamation derived from the oath 'by the Virgin Mary'.

maugre (v. 3. 131), in spite of. O. Fr. maulgre (Mod. Fr. malgri), literally 'ill will'. Ultimately from Lat. malus, bad, and gratum, a pleasant thing.

meiny (ii. 4. 34), household. M.E. meinee, mainee, a household, O.Fr. maisnee, Low Lat. mansionata, a household, Lat. mansio, a dwelling. The word is spelled many in Spenser, Faerie Queene, v. 11. 3, 2. It is the source of menial.

mere (iv. 1. 21), unalloyed, pure. O.Fr. mier, Lat. merus, unmixed, specially of wine.

mess (i. 1. I10), dish ol food. O. Fr. mes, a dish, literally that which is placed on the table; Low Lat. missum, mittere, to place; Lat. mittere, to send. Cf. Mod. Fr. mets.

minikin (iii. 6. 42), dainty, pretty. Cf. Dutch minnekyn, a cupid, darling, a diminutive of minne, love, cognate with O.H.G. minna, love. Allied to minion and Fr. mignon.

N

miscreant (i. 1. 154), wretch. Originally an 'unbeliever', and perhaps used here in this sense. O.Fr. mescreant, Lat. minus+credentem. Cf. 'Recreant'.

modest (ii. 4. 24; iv. 7. 5), moderate. Fr. modeste, Lat. modestus, moderate, measurable, from modus, a measure. Shakespeare uses the word both in this original sense, and in its derivative and current sense, 'decent' or 'diffi dent'.

moiety (i. 1. 6), part, portion: strictly a half. Anglo-Fr. moyte (Mod. Fr. moitif), a half, Lat. medietatem, from medius, middle. Shakespeare uses it in both senses, 'half' and 'part'.

motley (i. 4. 138), M. E. mottelee, O. Fr. matteli, 'curdled'. Hence spotted, variegated'. Strictly an adjective, but used by Shakespeare as a substantive, (1) as the dress of the Fool, as here; and (2) as the Fool himself, e.g. "And made myself a motley to the view", Sonnets, ex. 2.

naughty (iii. 4. 104; iii. 7. 36), bad, wicked: as frequently in E.E. M.E. naught, O.E. nawhit, nay no+whit, thing. Hence 'worthless', 'good for nothing', 'wicked'. The sense 'mischievous' is modern. Cf. naught wicked, ii. 4. 130.

nicely (ii. 2. 98; v. 3. 144), punctiliously, with nicety. O. Fr. nice, simple, Lat. nescius, ignorant. The original meaning in English was 'foolish', as in Chaucer; but in E.E. it had acquired the meaning of 'fastidious' as applied to persons, and 'petty, trifling' as applied to things. "The remarkable changes in sense may have been due to confusion with E. nesh, which sometimes meant 'delicate' as well as 'soft'" (Skeat). Shakespeare does not use the word in the modern sense 'pleasant'.

coillades (iv. 5. 25), glances. The Quartos read aliads, the Folios

eliads (1st) and iliads (2nd, 3rd, and 4th). "It cannot be decided whether Shakespeare wrote the French word or some anglicized form of it." The word occurs also in Merry Wives, i. 3. 68.

offend (i. 1. 298), hurt, harm. M.E. offenden, Fr. offendre, Lat. offendere, to strike or dash against. Offend is strictly the opposite of defend, this sense surviving in the phrase on the offensive", \c. The strong sense of 'hurt, harm' is comparatively rare in Shakespeare, who uses the word chiefly in its modern signification: but cf. 2 Henry IV, ii. 4. 126, "She is pistol-proof, sir; you shall hardly offend her."

or ere (ii. 4. 283), before. The two words are identical in meaning, both being derived from the O.E. ár, before. But it is probable that ere was considered a contraction for ever—e'er. Shakespeare has both forms, or ere and or ever {Hamlet, i. 2. 183).

owes (i. 1. 196), possesses: owest (i. 4. 115). M.E. owen, awen, O.E. agan, ah, 'possess'. The current sense of 'obligation' arises from the idea of possessing what belongs to another. The word is used in this modern sense in iii. 4. 98.

The

pelting (ii. 3. 18), paltry—which has partly the same source. Northern word paltrie or peltrie, a substantive meaning 'trash', was probably the source of E. E. paultring, peltering, 'petty', and pelter, 'a mean person'. By association with these, pelt, 'skin', acquired the suggestion of 'trash', and from it appears to have been formed, during the sixteenth century, the word pelting, on the analogy of peltrie, peltering (Herford). Note the modern pelting, a distinct word,

in iii. 4. 29.

perdu (iv. 7. 35). Not from Fr. enfant perdu, a soldier of a

forlorn hope, but from sentinelle perdue, a sentry placed in a very advanced and dangerous position. Thus "to watch—poor perdu!"

perdy (ii. 4. 81), an exclamation. From Fr. par Dieu.

plaited (i. 1. 274), folded. M.E. platten, O.Fr. plett, plet, a fold (Mod. Fr. pli); Lat. plicatus, plicare, to fold. The Quartos read pleated, the Folios plighted, which are both doublets of plaited. The form plight, which is found in Spenser—e.g. "with many a folded plight", Faerie Queene, ii. 3. 26, 5 —comes from M. E. pliten, the gh being an intrusion. It is qu1te distinct from plight (i. 1. 94), pledge, which comes from O.E. pliht, risk, danger, cognate with Ger. pflicht, duty.

pother (iii. 2. 45), turmoil. From the same source as potter and poke; not connected with 'bother'. The Folios read pudder, another form of the same word.

power (iii. 1. 30; iv. 2. 16; iv. 5. 1; v. 1. 51), army: a common sense in E. Ě. M.E. pouer, O. Fr. povoir. Late Lat. potere—posse, to be able. Thus derivatively a substantival use of the infinitive mood. Cf. Fr. pouvoir.

presently (i. 4. 137; ii. 4. 33, 113), immediately, at once: the usual sense in E. E.

puissant (v. 3. 216), strong, great. F. puissant. Low Lat. possens, a pres. part, due to confusion between the correct form potens and the inf. posse. A doublet of potent.

quit (iii. 7. 86), requite. M.E. quiten, O. Fr. gutter, Lat. quietare, to set at rest. Quit is derivatively a shorter form of quiet.

recreant (i. 1. 160), coward. Strictly one who has changed his faith. O. Fr. recreant, Lat. re+ credentem. Cf. Miscreant'.

renege (ii. 2. 72), deny. M.E. reneye. Low Lat. renegare, whence 'renegade', &c. The g is pronounced hard. The spelling of the Quartos is reneag.

reverbs (i. 1. 147), reverberates. Perhaps "a coined word, by contraction" (Skeat). Cf. intrinse, ii. 2. 69.

saw (ii. 2. 154), saying, proverb. M.E. sawe, sa%e, O.E. sagu, a saving, allied to secgan, to say. Cf. As You Like It, ii. 7. 156, Full of wise saws".

say (v. 3. 143), proof, taste: a common aphetic form of assay or essay (q.v.). Cf. the verbal use in Pericles, i. 1. 59, 60, "Of all say'd yet, mayst thou prove prosperous. Of all say'd yet, I wish thee happiness!"

sennet (i. 1., stage direction), a set of notes on a trumpet announcing the entry or exit of a procession. The word does appear in the text of Shakespeare. The forms synnet', 'sonnet', 'cynet', and 'signet' also occur.

not

several (i. 1. 37), respective, as commonly in E.E. O. Fr. several. Low Lat. separale: a doublet of separate'.

sith (i. 1. 174; ii. 4. 236), since, M. E. sithen, O.E. sidan, from sid dam, after that. A doublet of since, which is from M.E. sithens, i.e. sithen+ the adverbial termination -s or -es, as in whiles. Note that sith usually has the sense of 'as', 'seeing that', though it has a temporal force in Hamlet, ii. 2. 12.

sizes (ii. 4. 172), allowances. Short for assize, a fixed quantity. M.E. assise, O. Fr. assis, an assembly of judges', 'a sitting', 'an impost', 'quantity adjudged': ultimately from Lat. sedere, to sit. Hence the Cambridge term sizar, a scholar to whom certain 'allowances' are made.

spills (iii. 2. 8), destroys. M.E. spillen, O.E. spillan, spildan, to

destroy. Cf. Hamlet, iv. 5. 20, 'So full of artless jealousy is guilt, It spills itself in fearing to be spilt".

stelled (iii. 7. 60), starry, stellate. Lat. stellatus, stella, a star. Schmidt and Craig take it to mean "fixed": cf. Sonnets, xxiv. 1, "Mine eye hath played the painter and hath stell'd Thy beauty's form", and Lucrece, 1444, To find a face where all distress is stell'd".

suggestion (ii. 1. 73), underhand action: the usual meaning of the word in Shakespeare. Cf. suggest, to prompt, incite criminally. M.E. suggesten, from p. part, of Lat. suggerere, literally 'to carry or lay under', sub+gerere. Suggest and suggestion are commonly used in a bad sense in E. E.

tell (ii. 4. 52), count. M.E. tellen, O.E. tellan, to count, narrate.

tithing (iii. 4. 124), district. Originally a district containing ten families. O.E. teoda, a tenth.

treachers (i. 2. 115), traitors. M.E. trecchour, trychor, O. Fr. trecher, to cheat; ultimately of Teutonic origin: cognate with trick. This is the only instance

of the word in Shakespeare, but it was common in E.E.

trowest (i. 4. 117), believest. M.E. trowen, O.E. tre&wian, to have trust in, treowa, trust.

tucket (ii. 1, stage direction), a flourish on a trumpet or cornet. Cf. Henry V, iv. 2, 35, "Then let the trumpets sound The tucket sonance and the note to mount". It. toccata, from toccare, to touch.

vaunt-couriers (iii. 2. 5), forerunners. Fr. avant-coureur (see avaunt). Cf. the contraction in van, vanguard (Fr. avant-garde).

villain (iii. 7. 77), servant. O. Fr. vilein, Low Lat. villanus, a farm-servant; villa, a farmhouse. The word has here its original sense, but the current degraded sense 'scoundrel' is the more common in Shakespeare (e.g. i. 2. 149).

whiles (ii. 3. 5; iv. 2. 58), strictly the genitive of while, time, used adverbially. Cf. twice, from twi-es. This old genitive survives in wh1lst.

worships (i. 4. 257), dignities, credit. M.E. worschip, wurdscipe, O.E. weordscipe, wyrdscipe, honour: a contraction of worthship, the th being lost in the fourteenth century.