And threw the sops all in the sexton's face;
Having no other reason,-

and the following one in The History of the Two Maids of Moreclacke, a comedy, by Robert Armin, 1609, that it was the custom to drink wine immediately after the marriage ceremony. Armin's play begins thus:

"Enter a Maid strewing flowers, and a serving-man perfuming the door.

"Maid. Strew, strew.

"Man. The muscadine stays for the bride at church. "The priest and Hymen's ceremonies tend 66 To make them man and wife."

Again, in Decker's Satiromastix, 1602:

- and when we are at church, bring the wine and cakes." In Ben Jonson's Magnetic Lady, the wine drank on this occasion is called a "knitting cup."

Again, in No Wit like a Woman's, by Middleton:

"Even when my lip touch'd the contracting cup." There was likewise a flower that borrowed its name from this ceremony:

"Bring sweet carnations, and sops in wine,
"Worne of paramours."

Hobbinol's Dittie, &c. by Spenser.

Again, in Beaumont and Fletcher's Scornful Lady:
"Were the rosemary branches dipp'd, and all
"The hippocras and cakes eat and drunk off;

"Were these two arms encompass'd with the hands
"Of bachelors to lead me to the church," &c.

Again, in The Articles ordained by King Henry VII. for the Regulation of his Household: Article-" For the Marriage of a Princess."" Then pottes of Ipocrice to bee ready, and to bee putt into the cupps with soppe, and to bee borne to the estates; and to take a soppe and drinke," &c. STEEVENS.

So, in an old canzonet on a wedding, set to Musick by Morley, 1606:

"Sops in wine, spice-cakes are a dealing." FARMER. The fashion of introducing a bowl of wine into the church at a wedding, to be drank by the bride and bridegroom and persons present, was very anciently a constant ceremony; and, as appears from this passage, not abolished in our author's age. We find it practised at the magnificent marriage of Queen Mary and Philip, in Winchester Cathedral, 1554: "The trumpets sounded, and they both returned to their traverses in the quire, and there remayned untill masse was done: at which tyme, wyne and sopes were hallowed and delyvered to them both." Leland's Collect Append. vol. iv. p. 400, edit. 1770. T. WARTON.

But that his beard grew thin and hungerly,

And seem'd to ask him sops as he was drinking.
This done, he took the bride about the neck;
And kiss'd her lips with such a clamorous smack,
That, at the parting, all the church did echo '.
And I, seeing this 2, came thence for
came thence for very shame;

I insert the following quotation merely to show that the custom remained in Shakspeare's time. At the marriage of the Elector Palatine to King James's daughter, the 14th day of February, 1612-13, we are told by one who assisted at the ceremonial : "In conclusion, a joy pronounced by the king and queen, and seconded with congratulation of the lords there present, which crowned with draughts of Ippocras out of a great golden bowle, as an health to the prosperity of the marriage, (began by the prince Palatine and answered by the princess.) After which were served up by six or seven barons so many bowles filled with wafers, so much of that work was consummate." Finet's Philoxenis, 1656, p. 11. REED.

This custom is of very high antiquity; for it subsisted among our Gothic ancestors :-" Ingressus domum convivalem sponsus cum pronubo suo, sumpto poculo, quod maritale vocant, ac paucis a pronubo de mutato vitæ genere prefatis, in signum constantiæ, virtutis, defensionis et tutelæ propinat sponsæ et simul morgennaticam [dotalitium ob virginitatem] promittit, quod ipsa grato animo recolens, pari ratione et modo, paulo post mutato in uxorium habitum operculo capitis, ingressa, poculum, uti nostrates vocant, uxorium leviter delibans, amorem, fidem, diligentiam, et subjectionem promittit." Stiernhook de Jure Sueonum et Gothorum vetusto, p. 163, quarto, 1672. MALONE.

1 And KISS'D her lips with such a clamorous smack,

That, at the parting, all the CHURCH did echo.] This also is a very ancient custom, as appears from the following rubrick, with which I was furnished by the late Reverend Mr. Bowle: "Surgant ambo, sponsus et sponsa, et accipiat sponsus pacem a sacerdote, et ferat sponsæ, osculans eam, et neminem alium, nec ipse, nec ipsa." Manuale Sarum, Paris, 1533, 4to. fol. 69. MALONE.

It appears from the following passage in Marston's Insatiate Countess, that this was also part of the marriage ceremonial : "The kisse thou gav'st me in the church, here take."

STEEVEN S

2 AND I, SEEING this, &c.] Seeing, as I have shewn by various instances in the Essay on Shakspeare's metre, was almost always used as a word of one syllable. Sir Thomas Hanmer not attend

And after me, I know, the rout is coming:
Such a mad marriage never was before;
Hark, hark! I hear the minstrels play.

[Musick.

Enter PETRUCHIO, KATHARINA, BIANCA, BAPTIsta, HORTENSIO, GRUMIO, and Train.

PET. Gentlemen and friends, I thank you for your pains:

I know, you think to dine with me to-day,
And have prepar'd great store of wedding cheer;
But so it is, my haste doth call me hence,
And therefore here I mean to take my leave.
BAP. Is't possible, you will away to-night?
PET. I must away to-day, before night come :-
Make it no wonder; if you knew my business,
You would entreat me rather go than stay.
And, honest company, I thank you all,
That have beheld me give away myself
To this most patient, sweet, and virtuous wife:
Dine with my father, drink a health to me;
For I must hence, and farewell to you all.

TRA. Let us entreat you stay till after dinner.
PET. It may not be.

GRE.

PET. It cannot be.
ΚΑΤΗ.

PET. I am content.
Катн.

Let me entreat you3.

Let me entreat you.

Are you content to stay?

ing to this circumstance, rejected the first word in this line, in order to make it, as he supposed, metrical; and his mutilation of the text was adopted too hastily by all the subsequent editors; by the present editor among others, before he had sufficiently considered the subject. MALONE.

Let me entreat you.] At the end of this speech, as well as of the next but one, a syllable is wanting to complete the measure. I have no doubt of our poet's having written-in both in

stances

Let me entreat you stay. STEEVENS.

PET. I am content you shall entreat me stay; But yet not stay, entreat me how you can. KATH. Now, if you love me, stay.

PET.

Grumio, my horse *. GRU. Ay, sir, they be ready; the oats have eaten the horse ".

my HORSE.] In this and the following speech, the reading of the old copy, horse, has been unnecessarily changed to horses. Horse, in our author's time, was used as a plural. So, in the old Taming of a Shrew :

"Feran. Sirra, go and make readie my horse presently.

*

*

*

*

*

"San. Shall I give them another peck of provender.

66

Feran. Out slave, and bring them presently to the door." So, in a Commemoration of Sir Philip Sidney, by B. W. :

"Some markt his stately horse how they hung down their head, "As if they mourned for their knight that followed after dead." We still say, a troop of horse. MALONE.

5-the oats have eaten the horse.] There is still a ludicrous expression used when horses have staid so long in a place as to have eaten more than they are worth-viz. that their heads are too big for the stable-door. I suppose Grumio has some such meaning, though it is more openly expressed, as follows, in the original play :

"Enter Ferando and Kate, and Alfonso and Polidor, and Emilia, and Aurelius and Phylema.

66

"Feran. Father, farewel; my Kate and I must home: Sirrah, go make ready my horse presently.

66

Alfon. Your horse! what son, I hope you do but jest ;

"I am sure you will not go so suddainely.

66

Kate. Let him go or tarry, I am resolv'd to stay ;

"And not to travel on my wedding day.

"Feran. Tut, Kate, I tel thee we must needes go home :

"Vilaine, hast thou sadled my horse?

"San. Which horse? your curtall?

"Feran. Souns you slave, stand you prating here?

"Saddle the bay gelding for your mistris.

"Kate. Not for me, for I wil not go.

"San. The ostler will not let me have him: you owe tenpence

“For his meate, and 6 pence for stuffing my

mistris saddle.

"Feran. Here villaine; goe pay him strait.

"San. Shall I give them another pecke of lavender?
"Feran. Out slave, and bring them presently to the dore.

66

Alfon. Why son, I hope at least you'll dine with us.

KATH. Nay, then,

Do what thou canst, I will not go to-day;
No, nor to-morrow, nor till I please myself.
The door is open, sir, there lies your way,

You may be jogging, whiles your boots are green;
For me, I'll not be gone, till I please myself :-
"Tis like, you'll prove a jolly surly groom,
That take it on you at the first so roundly.

PET. O, Kate, content thee; pr'ythee, be not angry.

KATH. I will be angry; What hast thou to do?

Father, be quiet; he shall stay my leisure.

GRE. Ay, marry, sir: now it begins to work. KATH. Gentlemen, forward to the bridal din

ner:

I see, a woman may be made a fool,

If she had not a spirit to resist.

66

"San. I pray you, master, lets stay til dinner be done.

66

Feran. Sounes vilaine, art thou here yet?

'Come, Kate, our dinner is provided at home.

[Exit Sander.

"Kate. But not for me, for here I meane to dine:

Ile have my wil in this as wel as you;

Though you in madding mood would leave your frinds, "Despite of you Ile tarry with them still.

"Feran. I Kate so thou shalt, but at some other time:

"When as thy sisters here shall be espousd,

66

Then thou and I wil keepe our wedding-day,

"In better sort then now we can provide;

"For heere I promise thee before them all, "We will ere longe returne to them againe :

66

66

Come, Kate, stand not on termes; we will away;

"This is my day, to-morrow thou shalt rule,
"And I will doe whatever thou commandes.
66 Gentlemen, farewell, wee'l take our leaves;
"It will be late before that we come home.

[Exeunt Ferando and Kate.

"Pol. Farewell Ferando, since you will be gone.

66

6

Alfon. So mad a couple did I never see," &c. STEEVENS.
NOR till] Old copy-not till. Corrected by Mr. Rowe.

MALONE.