channels, and small steamers ply on a considerable number for the convenience and amusement of passengers. They contain fish in great abundance, and are much resorted to by fishing parties and picnics. There are some that have acquired more than a State fame by their secluded position, beautiful wooded shores and general natural attractions. It is a common thing for parties to encamp on their banks during a portion of the summer in portable tents, living in primitive fashion and finding rest and health in the recreations of their waters and the surrounding woods.

The geographer of the United States census enumerates among the principal inland lakes of the country those in Michigan which are mentioned below, giving also their measurements:

Other large lakes are Hubbard, in Alcona county; Otsego, in Otsego; Gun, in Barry; Crystal, in Benzie; Indian, in Schoolcraft; Michigamme, in Marquette; and Muskegon, in Muskegon.

The island of Mackinac, situated in the Straits of tha name and washed by the waters of Lakes Huron and Michigan, is the resort of thousands of people yearly from all parts of the Union. It was the site of a Jesuit mission before the foundation of Detroit, and the legends of the Indians made it a home for their gods long anterior to the advent of the white man. The purity of its atmosphere and its general salubrity were widely recognized more than a century ago. The commanding altitude of its heights and promontories, some of them rising to an elevation of 300 feet, furnishes magnificent outlooks over the surrounding waters, which are so transparent that small articles can be discerned many feet below their surface. About 1,000 acres of this stately spot have been dedicated by Congress to the purposes of a National Park, and neither private speculation nor business enterprise can encroach upon its public character. Steamboats passing between Chicago and the ports of the upper and lower lakes touch at Mackinac daily during the season of navigation, and regular lines run thither also from Detroit.

SPEAKER'S STAND, CAMP-MEETING GROUNDS, BAY VIEW.

Marquette on Lake Superior and Sault Ste. Marie on the straits of that name are also favorite resorts for people of more southern latitudes during the heats of summer, both for their bracing atmosphere and for the amusement of fishing. One of the charms of a journey to these points as well as to Mackinac is the delightful sail on the fine steamers which ply among those engaged in the navigation of the lakes. To those who prefer land travel, however, both Marquette and Mackinac are now practically accessible by rail.

On the northern shores of the lower peninsula are also numerous points which, scarcely known a few years ago, have become the annual attractions of people from distances of hundreds of miles. All along the shores of Grand and Little Traverse bays villages have sprung up which are filled during the summer months with transient colonists. At Bay View, near Petoskey, the Methodist denomination owns and controls several hundred acres of land, embowered in the forest, upon which have been erected about a hundred residences, occupied during three months of each season by an average population of one thousand. Some of these cottages are very picturesque, and a camp-meeting is held among them every year, which brings together great numbers of people. A few miles distant the Presbyterians have a rural retreat, while at Charlevoix there are a large number of commodious summer residences which are favored by Baptists but not controlled by any denomination. Friends and neighbors belonging to the southern counties of the State frequently buy adjacent property at various points in this region, and carry their accustomed society into their summer sojourning, where boating, fishing, freedom from business cares and simple living create new life. There are numerous points on Lakes Huron and Michigan and on the St. Clair and Detroit rivers which are also frequented in the season by visitors. Many families come to some of these places year after year from inland States and neighborhoods to enjoy the health-giving air of the lakes.

Not the least among the features which attach its people to Michigan are the great abundance, simplicity, cheapness, and comfort of its summer resorts.

MINERAL WELLS.

The medicinal virtues of mineral waters are attested by many generations of invalids who have found relief at the spas of Europe or the healing springs of this continent. Chronic diseases, that prove invincible to professional skill, often yield to the influences of these natural remedies, which are potent in stimulating torpid organs to normal action and in restoring tone to over-taxed systems. When due regard has been given to the value of the rest and of the change of scene, air, diet, and habits, which attend a sojourn at such resorts, the fact remains that the use of the waters is frequently and directly followed by recuperative results. Absorbed in the bath-tub or taken as a beverage, they arouse the vital forces of the body to new action, and produce alterative effects which expel disease and revive the flagging vigor of the system. Springs containing solutions of mineral elements abound in Michigan, and at several points artesian wells have been sunk into apparently inexhaustible reservoirs of water strongly impregnated with these natural medicinal agents.

Experience has shown that the mineral waters of Michigan are useful in the treatment of rheumatism and kindred disorders, of paralysis in its diverse form's, of dyspepsia and other nervous troubles, of catarrhal affections of any part of the system, of chronic diseases of the liver and kidneys, and of the general debility following prostrating sickness. The best known of the mineral springs of Michigan are these: At St. Louis, in Gratiot county, yielding an alkaline water; at Mt. Clemens, Lansing, Spring Lake, Three Rivers, Fruitport, and St. Clair, producing saline waters; at Wyandotte, Alpena, and Springwells (below Detroit), yielding sulphur waters; at Eaton Rapids, Grand Rapids, Leslie, Grand Ledge, and Hubbardston, giving water strongly saturated with the salts of lime; a chalybeate spring at Owosso; and a well at Midland producing water with peculiar purgative properties. Large sanitariums for the treatment of patients, with boarding houses or hotels attached, have been erected at Mt. Clemens, Eaton Rapids, St. Louis, Wyandotte, Spring Lake, and a few

other points. The usual charges at such resorts range from $1.50 to $3 per day for board at the hotels, with lower rates at private boarding houses, and from 50 cents to $1 per bath. Large quantities of these waters are shipped away in bottles and casks.

GAME AND WILD BERRIES.

Game, still very abundant in Michigan, must be reckoned among its important natural resources. Hares, rabbits, and squirrels are numerous in the settled as well as in the newer counties. The favorite bird, known to naturalists as the colin but commonly called the quail, is found in all the older parts of the State; it comes with civilization, and holds a place midway between the domestic and the wild fowl. That it thrives in this latitude and is likely to abide here permanently is shown by the fact that during the fall of 1881 sportsmen found it more abundant than in any immediately preceding year despite its very vigorous hunting in the past. Michigan is peculiarly the American home of the partridge or pheasant (ruffed grouse), so highly prized by epicures, and the prairie chicken (pinnated grouse) is found within its borders. The list of feathered game common in the State also includes the wild turkey, woodcock, snipe, and plover, and enormous flocks of pigeons annually make their nestings in the northern counties, and are there killed or captured in vast numbers. The lakes and rivers about and in Michigan abound both in web-footed fowls and edible fishes. Swans, wild geese, and ducks of all varieties and in countless numbers feed upon their surface. The statistics of the fishing interest of the great lakes have been already given. The interior waters of both peninsulas are well stocked with trout, bass, pickerel, perch, and other food fishes, while the only streams on this continent in which the grayling-that delight of European anglers-has been found are the Au Sable, Manistee, and a few neighboring rivers in Michigan. The Jordan and the Boardman have won a national reputation from the abundance of their speckled trout. North of the valleys of the Grand and Saginaw the forests yet shelter vast quantities of large game. Black bears are still quite numerous. The American deer, a noble specimen of the family of red deer, is so common that it is estimated on excellent authority that not less than 70,000 of these fine animals were killed in this State during the single season of 1880. The law of 1881 prohibiting the exportation of game from Michigan greatly reduced these figures during the season of that year, and promises to prove useful in protecting the deer from speedy destruction and in preserving this valuable stock of food for the people of the State. The fur trade of Michigan is still an important item in its commerce, and the beaver, otter, fox, mink, muskrat, and raccoon are trapped in large numbers, and their skins command a quick sale. The fiercer varieties of animals, however, are practically extinct. The black bear, except at bay, is no more dangerous here than the deer. Wild berries grow luxuriantly in all parts of the State, the most prolific being the blackberry, raspberry, cranberry, and whortleberry. Nut-bearing trees are also common in its forests, and wild honey in large quantities rewards the search of the bee-hunter. The practical value to the settler of the vast stock of natural food thus briefly described is two-fold. With his rod or gun he can provide his own table with substantial food. Again, he can always find a ready market at good prices for such game as he does not consume, and thus make his skill in marksmanship or in angling contribute to his income. The pursuit of game is open to all upon equal terms, and the laws relating to this subject are limited to protecting game from extinction by killing during the breeding season or by wholesale slaughter. Within these reasonable