school), the Homeopathic Medical College, the Dental College, the Laboratory, the Library, the Hospitals connected with each of the medical colleges and the Museum. The University now contains the following departments:

1. The Department of Literature, Science, and the Arts, embracing:

a, the Aca

demic Faculty; b, the School and Faculty of Political Science; c, the School and Faculty of Engineering.

2. The Department of Medicine and Surgery.

3. The Department of Law.

Each of these departments has its faculty of instruction, who are charged with its special management.

THE BOARD OF REGENTS.

The general control of the institution is placed by the constitution in a board of eight regents who are chosen by the popular suffrage of the State in its biennial spring elections. They hold their positions for the period of eight years, the terms of two expiring every second year.

TERMS OF ADMISSION.

All students, on entering, pay a matriculation fee which to residents of the State is $10 and to non-residents $25. This fee entitles the student to all the privileges of permanent membership. The annual fees are as follows: In the literary department, $20 for residents and $25 for non-residents; in the medical, dental, and pharmaceutical schools, $25 and $35; in the law school, $30 and $50. When a degree is taken a diploma fee of $10 must be paid. Board and rooms are obtainable in private families at Ann Arbor at from $3 to $5 per week; rooms without board at from 75 cents to $2 per week. Students by forming clubs can bring their expenses within the weekly range, of from $1.50 to $2.50. All students are required before admission to any course to pass such an examination as will show the possession of a suitable preparation upon their part. Those who do not care to become candidates for regular degrees may take optional courses, pursuing only such studies as they may select. For ten years women have been admitted to all branches of the University on equal terms with men.

LENGTH OF TERMS.

The regular term in the collegiate department covers four years, in the medical and dental schools three years, and in the law school two years; in the latter students of sufficiently advanced attainments acquired in other colleges or in practice are given diplomas upon an attendance of one year.

THE MUSEUMS AND LABORATORIES.

The museums contain large collections in natural history, agriculture, archæology, ethnology, the fine arts, history, anatomy, and materia medica. In the laboratories opportunities are provided for practical instruction in physics, chemistry, geology, zoology, botany, physiology, and dentistry.

THE HOSPITALS AND OBSERVATORY.

In the hospitals facilities are afforded to medical students for instruction by clinics. Patients are received in them and treated without charge except for medicines and board, and all persons suffering from diseases of any kind (except those of a contagious character) are granted admission. The astronomical observatory, which con

tains a large refracting telescope and other valuable apparatus, has acquired a wide reputation in the scientific world, largely from the discoveries of the late Prof. Watson, who was its director for many years. A small observatory, used for the purposes of instruction, is situated near the main building.

ATTENDANCE IN 1882.

The total enrollment of students in all departments in March, 1882, was as follows: Department of Literature, Science, and the Arts...

"Medicine and Surgery..

"Law.

School of Pharmacy.

Homeopathic Medical College...

College of Dental Surgery.

Total....

513

380

395

100

71

75

.1,534

Of the foregoing 688 were residents of Michigan; the others came not only from other States and the territories, but from foreign countries, including the British North American provinces, the Sandwich Islands, the Bermuda Islands, England, Ireland, Cuba, Nicaragua, Egypt, Roumania, and Burmah.

THE UNIVERSITY FINANCES.

The total of the congressional grants to Michigan for the support of a university was two townships and three sections, and these lands have been sold at an average price of nearly $12 per acre. From them the sum of $543,203 has been realized, and this forms one of the trust funds upon which the State pays interest at the rate of seven per cent, the income realized by the university annually from this source amounting to $38,820. The State also levies yearly a tax of one-twentieth of a mill on the dollar of the assessed valuation to aid in meeting the current expenses of this institution, and this with the receipts from fees and a few miscellaneous sources completes its regular income. The State has in addition made large appropriations for the erection of buildings and for other permanent improvements, and for the support of special departments, meeting in these respects all clearly established needs.

THE POOR MAN'S UNIVERSITY.

This institution, with its ample equipment and its numerous courses of study, is emphatically the poor man's university. All its advantages are open at merely nominal fees to any qualified applicant. With personal economy the student can support himself during the collegiate year with but a small expenditure. Not a few of those to-day in attendance there are paying their own way without assistance from parents or others; the value of an education thus obtained need not be dwelt upon. Labor is not despised at the University, and the cases have been numerous where young men in straitened circumstances have sought and obtained employment at Ann Arbor and with the wages thus earned aided materially their struggle after knowledge. Twenty years ago the late Chief Justice of Michigan did the duties of a janitor about the law school, and thus helped to secure the diploma which introduced him into a professional career of early eminence. Among the chief sources of the University's strong hold upon the affections of the people who have so liberally supported it must be reckoned this fact, that it shares so fully in the thoroughly democratic spirit of the primary schools.

THE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE.

The State Agricultural College of Michigan was the pioneer institution of its kind in the United States. It has been the model for similar colleges established in other States, and to several of them it has furnished professors from among its graduates.

ITS HISTORY, LOCATION, AND BUILDINGS.

It exists in obedience to a provision in the State constitution, adopted in 1850, which required the Legislature, "as soon as practicable," to establish an agricultural school. It was founded by act of the Legislature in 1855, and twenty-two sections of what were then known as "salt spring lands" were appropriated by the State for the purchase of a farm and putting the school in operation. The land bought consisted of 676 acres, as a rule heavily timbered, situated three miles east of the capitol at Lansing, on the banks of the Red Cedar river. This is now a beautiful farm with 190 acres under systematic cultivation and 110 acres of woodland pasture, well stocked, and provided with spacious barns, improved implements, an apiary, extensive lawns, fruit and vegetable gardens, fine orchards, and a large greenhouse. The College buildings, a score in number and chiefly of brick, consist of three main halls, two laboratories, a library and museum, dwellings for the officers, etc. The College was first opened in 1857, and it has since constantly received aid from the State in the form of direct appropriations, as well as a supplementary grant of 7,000 acres of lands located near its farm.

THE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE FUND.

In 1862 Congress gave to the State 240,000 acres of the public lands to constitute a permanent endowment fund for this institution. On October 1, 1881, there were 146,803 acres of these lands still unsold. The proceeds of the sales amounted on September 30, 1881, to a trust fund of $307,652; on this the State annually pays interest to the College at the rate of seven per cent. These lands were selected with a special view to their value for agricultural purposes, and for this reason command good prices; when all disposed of they will swell this endowment fund to handsome figures.

TERMS AND FEES.

The general supervision of the College is in the hands of the State Board of Agriculture whose members are mainly appointed by the Governor. It is under the direct charge of a faculty of twenty instructors. Its regular course covers four years, but students are received for a less period in selected studies. It has granted its diplomas to 244 graduates since its opening, fully one-half of whom are engaged in farming and kindred pursuits. The enrollment of students last year was about two hundred. The College year is divided into three terms, spring, summer, and autumn, giving the long vacation in winter, during which many of the students improve the time in teaching. The dormitory and boarding in commons system prevails, board being furnished at actual cost. The charge for room and board amounts to about $2.38 per week, and the total college expenses will vary from $80 to $125 per year to each student. A matriculation fee of $5 is required on entering, after which tuition is free.

MANUAL LABOR.

The students are required to work on the farm or garden three hours daily, and are paid for their labor according to their ability and fidelity, the maximum rate of compensation being eight cents per hour. This not only gives a practical knowledge of agriculture and preserves habits of industry, but is found to be very conducive to good health. If wise use is made of this opportunity, a student can nearly meet his current expenses by his earnings.

AN INSTITUTION OF PRACTICAL AIMS.

The College is thoroughly practical in its aims. Its classes are taught in the fields as well as in the recitation room. No time is given to the ancient or foreign languages, but thorough training in English language and literature is provided for, and especial attention is given to the practical sciences and their application. For example, it at present teaches surveying, leveling, the laying out of grounds, mechanics as applied to implements, building, stock-breeding, agricultural chemistry, and horticulture. Experiments for the promotion of agriculture are systematically and continuously prosecuted, and their results are given to the public in the annual reports of the State Board of Agriculture and in lectures delivered by members of the faculty at farmers' institutes, which are now held annually in all parts of the State and have proved of much value to the farmers of Michigan. A product of one of these experiments was an analysis of soils from thirty-one different localities in the State, made by the Professor of Chemistry-Dr. R. C. Kedzie-specimens of which can be seen at the College laboratory and at the office of the Commissioner of Immigration. The influence of such an institution, working by these methods, is felt far beyond its walls, and the College is now recognized by the people of Michigan as a positive benefit to the agricultural classes and as a valuable feature of the educational system of the State.

This is a training and practice school designed to prepare teachers for service in the common schools.

LOCATION, BUILDINGS, AND TERMS OF ADMISSION.

Its

It is located at Ypsilanti, thirty miles west of Detroit, on the Central railroad. buildings are but two in number, and are devoted wholly to the purposes of instruction. The last Legislature appropriated $25,000 for a training school, and including it the value of the Normal School property is about $150,000. Students of either sex are admitted who can pass an examination in the common English branches and will declare in writing that they propose "to devote themselves to the business of teaching." Each member of the Legislature is entitled to appoint two pupils, to whom instruction is free; all others pay a tuition fee of $10 per year. tories connected with this institution, but board and furnished in private families at rates varying from $3 to $4 per week. reduce the cost of board to $2 or $2.25 per week. Others board themselves, and thereby bring their weekly expenses within $2.

There are no dormirooms can be obtained Many, by "clubbing,"