Essays in Macroeconomic Policy: The Indonesian Experience

achieve actions activities aging areas assets authority balance Bank Indonesia banking system base become billion bonds borrowing build capital central bank changes communication companies competitive consistent corporate costs countries crisis currency debt demand deposit domestic economic growth effective efficiency established example exchange rate expectations exports external factors financial sector financial system fiscal flows foreign framework funds Graph greater higher impact implementation important improve increased indicators industry inflation target inflows institutions interest interest rates investment issues lending liquidity loans macroeconomic major measures monetary policy objective operations percent period population positive presented pressure problems production programme reduce reflected reforms regime regulations requirements response restructuring result risk role Rupiah rural savings sector shocks Source stability strengthen structural supply sustainable trade transparency various