relation to customs duties, international commerce, and quarantine and sanitation. A resolution was adopted for the reorganization of the International Bureau of the American Republics, and for the collection and publication of fuller information regarding the sources of information and statistics of the American republics. Resolutions were also adopted on various subjects. Report of the Delegates of the United States to the Second International For message of the President, April 16, 1900, recommending an appro- The acts and proceedings of the conference were published in the City of Mexico in 1902, in two folio volumes. "Referring to the unsigned and undated memorandum you left with me about the first of May last, in relation to the questions which have been mooted between Chile on the one hand and Peru and Bolivia on the other, growing out of the occupation of Tacna and Arica, and in deference to your expressed wish that the impartial and friendly attitude of the Government of the United States, in that regard, which has been heretofore orally expressed to you on several appropriate occasions, should be restated in more permanent form, especially with respect to the views of this Government should the suggestions, which have been put forth touching a possible resort to arbitration of the question, take tangible shape, I have the pleasure to confirm what I have previously said to you. "As respects controversies between the states of this hemisphere, the attitude of the United States has been repeatedly made clear. We wish to maintain equally friendly and close relations with all. We deplore any dissidences among them which may embarrass their common advancement. Our precept and example are before them to induce harmony and good will in all their mutual relations, but always in the line of the most absolute impartiality. While our good offices are at any time cheerfully at the disposal of our fellow republics to aid in composing their disputes, we hold that it is not our province to interfere in the adjustment of any questions involving their sovereign rights in their relations to one another. Although we may and do deeply regret whatever causes of division may arise between them, we abstain from forming a judgment on the merits of the difference, or espousing the cause of any one state against another, for to do so would impair the frank impartiality with which we stand ready to lend our friendly assistance toward a settlement whenever we have assurance that our counsels or our services will be acceptable to the parties concerned. "The Government of the United States has on many occasions expressed its strong desire that peace and harmony shall prevail among the countries with which it holds friendly relations, and especially among the republics of the American continents whose systems of government rest upon a common basis, and whose material interests are intimate and interdependent. It has taken several favorable opportunities to advocate the resort to arbitration in settlement of difficulties not adjustable in the ordinary channels of intercourse, and has itself set an example by recurring to this humane and intelligent international forum. In one notable instance its counsels and offices were lent to bring about the arbitration of a boundary dispute between a Spanish-American state and a European power, doing so in furtherance of the national policy announced nearly eighty years ago." Mr. Hay, Sec. of State, to Mr. Vicuna, Chilean min., No. 40, Jan. 3, 1901, See, to the same effect, Mr. Hay, Sec. of State, to Mr. Guachalla, Bolivian min., Dec. 11, 1900, MS. Notes to Bolivia, I. 208. § 975. (1) Objections based on public policy. § 974. III. CONDITIONS OF INTERVENTION. 1. Citizenship, as a rule, essential. § 979. 2. Declaration of intention insufficient. § 980. 3. Naturalization not retroactive. § 981. 4. Right of interposition not assignable. § 982. § 978. 5. Nor derivable from partnership association. § 983. (1) Interposition in behalf of the corporation. § 984. (2) Interposition in behalf of security holders. § 985. IV. GROUNDS OF INTERVENTION. 1. Denial of justice. § 986. 2. Local remedies must, as a rule, be exhausted. 3. Local remedies need not be exhausted. (1) Where justice is wanting. § 988. § 987. (2) Where they have been superseded. § 989. (3) Where they are insufficient. § 990. 4. Unjust judgments not internationally binding. § 991. 6. Claims to land. (1) Titles exclusively determinable by lex rei sitæ. §993. 7. Contract claims. (1) Not as a rule officially presented. § 995. (2) Exception where diplomacy is the only method of re dress. § 996. (3) Confiscatory breaches of contract. § 997. V. ACTS OF AUTHORITIES. 1. Who may be considered as "authorities." § 998. (1) Within scope of agency. § 999. 605 V. ACTS OF AUTHORITIES-Continued. 3. Judicial authorities. § 1002. 4. Santiary measures. § 1003. 5. Tariff changes. § 1004. 6. Debasement of the currency. § 1005. 7. Patents and inventions. § 1006. 8. "Unclaimed estates claims. § 1007. 9. Liability for torts of public ships. § 1008. 10. Acts of soldiers. § 1009. VI. ARREST AND IMPRISONMENT. 1. Indemnity not demanded where proceedings are regular, 1010. 2. Reparation for false or irregular arrest. § 1011. 3. Wrongful arrest, and maltreatment. § 1012. 4. Imprisonment in violation of treaty right. § 1013. 5. Enforced labor in case of persons accused. 6. Detention of witnesses. § 1015. 7. Martial law. § 1016. 8. Protocol with Spain, 1877. § 1017. VII. EXPULSION. § 1018. VIII. ACTS OF PRIVATE PERSONS. 1. Governments as a rule not liable. § 1019. IX. MOB VIOLENCE. § 1014 1. Destruction of French privateers, 1811. § 1022. lah, La., 1899; Erwin, Miss., 1901. 6. Case of Bain, and other cases. § 1027. 7. Case of Don Pacifico. § 1028. 8. Case of U. S. S. Baltimore, and other cases. § 1029. § 1025. § 1026. Baltimore case; case of Alfonso XII.; Caroline Islands case. 9. Cases in Turkey. § 1030. 10. Killing of rioters by authorities. § 1031. X. CLAIMS BASED ON WAR. 1. Indemnity not usually allowed on account of operations of war. § 1032. 2. Nor seizing resources of the enemy. § 1033. 3. Compensation for property taken for belligerent use. 4. Claims for embargoes. § 1035. 5. Forced loans. § 1036. 6. Damages for wanton or unlawful acts. § 1037. 7. Question of reconcentration. § 1038. 8. Question as to compensation for cable cutting. § 1039. XI. BOMBARDMENTS. 1. Greytown. § 1040. 2. Valparaiso. § 1041. 3. Goods in public warehouse. (1) Antwerp, 1830. § 1042. (2) Messina, and elsewhere. § 1043. § 1034. XII. ACTS OF INSURGENTS. 1. Opinions of publicists. § 1044. 2. Denials of liability. § 1045. 3. Assertions of liability; grants of compensation. 5. Payment of duties to insurgents. § 1048. XIII. NEUTRAL RIGHTS AND DUTIES. 1. Violation of neutral rights. § 1049. 2. Failure to perform neutral duties. § 1050. XIV. DEFENSES. 1. Part payment. § 1051. 2. Limitation and prescription. § 1052. § 1046. § 1047. A citizen of one nation, wronged by the conduct of another nation, must seek redress through his own government. His government must assume the responsibility of presenting his claim, or it need not be considered. United States v. Diekelman, 92 U. S. 520. The claim of an alien, when presented to the Department of State, must come through the diplomatic representative of the country to which he belongs. Mr. Seward, Sec. of State, to Mr. Fentenheim, Sept. 23, 1868, 79 MS. Dom. Let. 348; Mr. Fish, Sec. of State, to Messrs. Coudert Bros., April 21, 1869, 81 MS. Dom. Let. 5; Mr. Frelinghuysen, Sec. of State, to Mr. Sypher, April 3, 1883, 146 MS. Dom. Let. 326; Mr. Frelinghuysen, Sec. of State, to Mr. Hildrup, July 2, 1884, 151 MS. Dom. Let. 559. "In reply to your telegram stating that claims are presented by French citizens and other aliens through Congress to the Committee |