3. D'Espagnet, La Guerre: Sud-Africane. Paris, 1902.
4. Bryce, James: Impressions of South Africa, The Century Co., N. Y., 1897.
5. Sanderson, Edgar: Africa in the 19th Century. Scribners, N. Y.,
6. Schreiner, Olive: The South African Question. C. H. Sergel Co., Chicago, 1899.
7. Hillegas, Howard C.: Oom Paul's People. Appleton's, N. Y., 1899. 8. Holland, Thos. Erskine: The European Concert in the Eastern Question, Oxford, 1885.
1. Rev. M. Francis: Chronique des Faits Internationaux. In Vol. XII, Revue Generale de Droit International Public, 1905, pp. 215 ff.
3. Hershey, A. S.: Japanese War.
4. Lawrence, T. J.:
lan & Co., New
Russo-Japanese Conflict, 1904.
International Law and Diplomacy of the Russo- McMillan Co., New York, 1906.
War and Neutrality in the Far East. McMil- York, 1904.
5. Rose, J. Holland: Development of the European Nations, 18701900. Two Vols. Putnam's, N. W. 1905.
6. Cambridge Modern History, Vol. 12.
7. Hazen, Chas. Downer: Europe Since 1815. Chapter XXX. Henry Holt & Co., New York, 1910.
8. Cordier: Histoire des relations de la Claine avec les Puissances Occidentales, Paris, 1902, 3 Vol. in 8.
9. Gairal de Serezin: Autour du Conflict d'Extreme Orient. Paris, 1905, I Vol. in 8.
10. Stead, A.: Japan's Position in the Far East. Fortnightly Review, 1903.
11. The Conflict in the Far East. Edinburgh Review, 1904.
12. Mackray, R.: The Crisis in the Far East. Monthly Review, Feb., 1904.
13. Vickers, E. H.: The Eastern Crisis and Its Origin, The Nation, Feb., 1904.
1. Rose, J. Holland: Development of European Nations (Vol. I, Ch. I), (Vol. I, Chs. VII-IX). On Balkan situation and RussoTurkish War, Putnam's, New York, 1905.
2. Seignobos: Political History of Europe Since 1814. (McVane translation.) Henry Holt & Co., 1899.
3. The Balkan Question: Ed. by Luigi Villari (Published by John Murray, London, 1905).
4. Cambridge Modern History, Vols. XI and XII.
5. Robinson and Beard: Development of Modern Europe, Vol. II. 6. Hazen, Chas. D.: Europe Since 1815. Henry Holt & Co., New York, 1910.
Aaronsohn, "With the Turks in Palestine," 126 Agidir, incident, 56 Algeciras, conference, 56 Alsace-Lorraine, recovery of, motive of France, 37; Germany's selfish motive concerning, 44; a cause for war on part of the French, 60, 67; Prussia's mon- ster crime in 1871, 120; French army concentrated, not expect- ing German advance through Belgium, 130; armistice terms, 154-5; Pope's proposal concern- ing (p. 4), 166; President Wil- son's statement concerning, 180 (point 6)
Allenby, General, captures Jeru- salem, 144
Allepo, capture of, 150 Argonne, battle of, Americans in, 147, 149
Armistice, terms for Germany, 154-8; for Austria-Hungary, 152-4; for Bulgaria, 152; Tur- key, 152
Assassination, of Franz-Ferdinand, 135
Austria-Hungary, fundamental cause for war, 28; arch-enemy of Italian freedom and unity, 36; revolution of her peoples certain, 33; "Dreibund," 1881, 52; intervention in Russo-Turk- ish war, 1878, 53; imperial de- signs, 55, 56, 57; causes for war in 1914, 63, 70; aggressions since 1900, 75, 78, 79; terms of armis- tice (see Armistice above)
Bagdad, railway, 63, 70; city cap- tured by Turks, 140; recaptured by British, 144
Baker, Secretary, "The Nation in Arms," 170
Baku, evacuated by Turks, 150 Balkan States, causes
1914-16, 61; troubled past, 76-8 Balkan Wars, 1912-13, causes of, 73
Bank, German Imperial, finances Bolsheviki, 176
Bapaume, in Second battle of the Somme, 142
Belgium, causes of war, 1914, 62; invasion by Germany planned, 59, 192; armistice terms, 154; Brand Whitlock's "Story of," 125
Belgrade (Serbia), captured by Austro-Bulgarian armies, 137 Berard, Victor, prophecy of War, 79
Bernhardi, General, principles, 72, 187-92; quotations from, 187-92 Bethmann-Hollweg, von, speech in Reichstag, 189; resignation, 174 Bismarck, policies, 34-35; at Con- gress of Berlin, 52-53-54
Bolsheviki, rise of, 143; effect on Russian army, 143, 145; and on Russia, 145, 176-7; danger of,
Boris, of Bulgaria, succeeds to throne, 150; abdicates, 151 Boxer, uprising, 131-2 Brest-Litovsk, treaty, nature of, of, 176-7; German violation 145
Breslau, German warship, enters Dardanelles, 136; sunk by Brit- ish, 148
Bryan, W. J., treaties, 48 Bryce, James, on the Balkan ques- tion, 79, 80 Bosnia-Herzegovina, 26, 55-6
Bulgaria, and Turkey, 76, and oth- er Balkans, 53, 76-8; causes of war, 64; Armistice terms, 152
Economic wars, 31-2 Ecquador, 142
England, Causes of war in 1914, 60; causes of war with Boers, S. Africa, 103-4; Opium War with China, 31; England and Ireland, 44; colonial expansion, 32, Dv, 46; Great Britain and the Triple Al- liance, 53-4-5-6; Nature of Brit- ish government, 26, 32, 34, 44, 46, 47, 60, 64-5; Great Britain and the "League of Nations," 194-5
European War, 1914, causes of,
58-64; background of, 51-7
Finland, reference to, 45; and Bol- sheviki, 145; German conquest of, 148
Foch, General, in battle of Marne, 136, allied commander-in-chief, 142; in Italy, 144
Formosa, ceded to Japan, 84 France, confronted with danger of war, 18, 26, 35, 37, 53, 56, 60, 66, 116-18; causes of war, 1914, 60; causes of Franco-Prussian war, 115; military program, 59, 66; treaty relation, 54-5, 59, 60; Ger- man invasion, 61, 135; General Bernhardi's statement concern- ing, 192
Franz-Ferdinand, Archduke, assas- sination, 59, 135
Frederick the Great, his principles and wars, 47, 187; Bernhardi, a German authority on these wars, 190
Gerard, Ambassador, book on Ger- many, 126 Germany, causes of war, 1914, 63; ultimatums, 39, 59; invasion of Belgium, 34, 39, 59, 62, 66, 135, 154, 191-2; atrocities and policy of frightfulness, 22, 34, 63 (mili- tarism) 52-3, 60, 62, 64, 65, 69, 131-4, 170; starvation in con- quered territory, 132-4
German ideals and political prac- tices, 17-18, 27, 31, 34-6, 44, 46, 53, 55, 59, 63, 65, 66, 69-72, 131- 2; treaty obligations broken, 58, 60, 62, 66, 145-177; ("necessity knows no law") 131, 191-2; Propaganda in United States, 27, 69-71, 123, 125; progress in industries, 66; in militarism, 27, 35, 66, 131, 186-7, 187-93 Goeben, enters Dardanelles, 136; sunk by British, 148 Great Britain (see England) Greece, causes of war, 1914, 61;
declaration of war, 142; strug- gles for liberty and union of her peoples, 49, 77
Guatemala, war on Germany, 142
Heligoland, Battle of, 136
Hershey, A. S., on Spanish-Ameri-
can War, 106; on Russo-Japan- ese War, 81-83, 88 Hindenburg, Gen. von, stops Rus- sian advance, 136; drive in Po- land, 137
"Hindenburg Line," 142 Hindus, 45
Holy Alliance, 51
Hoover, Herbert, and U. S. food administration (testify to starva- tion by Germans) 133-4 Hungary, revolution of 1848, 49; freedom, 49
Huns, reason for name, 131-2 India, 44
Italy, war with Turkey, 68, 73, 80; causes of war, 1914, 61; Italian unity and nationality, 35, 37, 45, 52, 67-8; Declares war on Aus- tria, 137; on Germany, 139; in- terest in Adriatic and Balkans, 61, 79; Great victory in close of war, 149-50
Jameson Raid, 97, 100
Japan, causes of Russo-Japanese
war, 81, 90; causes of war, 1914, 62; war with China, 83, 84; in Korea, 82-4-7, 88-9-90; in Man- churia, 83, 86, 87-89, 90; Ger- man proposals to, 69, 123 Jerusalem, captured by British, 144
Jutland, battle of, 140
Kaiser, the German, claims to di- vine right, 27, 124; speeches and character of rule, 27, 48, 56-7, 59, 60, 63, 65, 131; threats to peace of Europe, 55-7, 128-30; visits to Turkey, and responsibil- ity for Turkish massacres, 57, 65; abdication, 152
Karl, Emperor, leaves Austria,
Kemmel, Mt., captured by Ger- mans, 146
Korea (see Japan) Kossuth, 49
Kruger, Paul, in S. Africa, 99- 100
League of Nations, a discussion, 186-201; German attitude, 187- 93
League of Nations ("to enforce peace") 49, 76, 162, 164-5, 178, 180, 184
League Covenant, text of February draft, 202-214; final draft, 244- 261
Lens, coal city, siege by British, 137, 142; evacuated, 149
Liberia, declares war on Germany, 174
Lille, evacuated by Germans, 149 Lloyd-George, answer to German peace proposal, 171
Lodge, Henry Cabot, on Spanish- American war, 107, 112
Mackensen, Gen. von, expels Rus- sians, 136; in Roumania, 139 Mahan, Capt., on Spanish-Ameri- can war, 112
Marne, first battle of, 59, 130, 136; second battle of, 146-9 Messines Ridge, 142, 146 Mexico, German intrigues in, 69,
Prussia, and Bismarck, 35; Triple Alliance, 52; War with France, 115-20; militarism, 35, 168 (war lords), 193
Quotations, from Pres. Wilson's Flag Day Address, 68-72; from Jan. 22, 1917 speech, 162-4; Re- ply to Pope, 166; "Four points" from July 4, 1918 speech, 177- 178; "five points" from Sept. 27, 1918 speech, 179; from German leaders on war, and arbitration, 187-92
Red Cross, hospitals fired upon by Germans, 132
Religion, wars of, 23, 29 Rheims, shelling by Germans, 132 (cathedral); German attack in Rheims salient, 146; French and Americans wipe out salient, 147 Roulers, recaptured by Belgians, 149
Roumania, historical sketch, 76-8; declares war on, 139; Germany, Turkey, Bulgaria declare war on, 139; overrun by armies of Central Powers, 139
Russia, member of Triple Entente,
54-5; Crimean War, 75-6; war with Turkey, 1878, 76; and Con- gress of Berlin, 53, 76-7, and Constantinople, 28, 61, 67; access denied to Mediterranean, 76; causes of war in 1914, 61; causes of Russo-Japanese war, 81, 90; revolution, and overthrow of Czar, 11, 17, 28, 174, 143 Russo-Japanese War, causes of (see Russia above)
Selective Service Draft, in U S., 141
Serbia, causes of war, 1914, 61; historical sketch, 75, 77-8; Aus- tria declares war upon, 135; re- sists Austrians, 135; crushed by Austro-Bulgarian invasion, 137; nucleus of new Jugo-Slav state, 78
Spain, negotiations with U. S. over Cuba, 106; revolution in, 110-36; Moroccan crisis, 56; war with
U. S., 1898 (causes), 113-14 Spanish-American War, causes of, 113-14; Chadwick on, 105-6; Lodge on, 107, 112; Capt. Ma- han on, 112
Tannenburg, battle of, 136; junker, 193
Tariff, protective, 43, 183-4 Turkey, character of government, 33, 183; war with Italy, 80; First Balkan war, 74; Crimean War, 76; with Russia, 1878, 76; causes of war, 1914, 63; in thrall of Germany, 65, 70; declares war on Russia, 135; Great Britain and France declare war on, 135; declares war on Roumania, 139; armistice terms, 152; fortifica- tions at Dardanelles, 138
United States, interest in Cuba, 107-9, 114; causes of war, 1914, 64, 68-72, 122-3; part in League of Nations, 196-8; importance of entry into World War, 17; Ger- man hatred toward, 36; greatest contribution to the world, 39; military program in 1917, 141 Uruguay, 142
Valenciennes, capture of, 149 Venezuela, Roosevelt and Kaiser, 122
Verdun, first battle of, 140; French counter-stroke at, 140; second counter-thrust by French, 143 Versailles, congress of, 51; Pres. Wilson at, 182
Vienna, Congress of, 51; responsi- bility for this war, 51
War, an instinct, 29-30; classifica- tion of causes, 23-4; funda- mental causes, 31-9; pretexts and excuses, 28, 35, 40, 41, 43-4, 45; Austrian and German pre- texts, 59-60; nature and func- tion of, 22; causes of World War, 58-64; outline for study of, in U. S. A., 135-59; immediate causes for U. S., and fundamen- tal (outline), 121-27, First year of, 135
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