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3. D'Espagnet, La Guerre: Sud-Africane. Paris, 1902.

4. Bryce, James: Impressions of South Africa, The Century Co., N. Y., 1897.

5. Sanderson, Edgar: Africa in the 19th Century. Scribners, N. Y.,

1898.

6. Schreiner, Olive: The South African Question. C. H. Sergel Co., Chicago, 1899.

7. Hillegas, Howard C.: Oom Paul's People. Appleton's, N. Y., 1899. 8. Holland, Thos. Erskine: The European Concert in the Eastern Question, Oxford, 1885.

RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR

1. Rev. M. Francis: Chronique des Faits Internationaux. In Vol. XII, Revue Generale de Droit International Public, 1905, pp. 215 ff.

2. Asakawa:

The

3. Hershey, A. S.: Japanese War.

4. Lawrence, T. J.:

lan & Co., New

Russo-Japanese Conflict, 1904.

International Law and Diplomacy of the Russo-
McMillan Co., New York, 1906.

War and Neutrality in the Far East. McMil-
York, 1904.

5. Rose, J. Holland: Development of the European Nations, 18701900. Two Vols. Putnam's, N. W. 1905.

6. Cambridge Modern History, Vol. 12.

7. Hazen, Chas. Downer: Europe Since 1815. Chapter XXX. Henry Holt & Co., New York, 1910.

8. Cordier: Histoire des relations de la Claine avec les Puissances Occidentales, Paris, 1902, 3 Vol. in 8.

9. Gairal de Serezin: Autour du Conflict d'Extreme Orient. Paris, 1905, I Vol. in 8.

10. Stead, A.: Japan's Position in the Far East. Fortnightly Review, 1903.

11. The Conflict in the Far East. Edinburgh Review, 1904.

12. Mackray, R.: The Crisis in the Far East. Monthly Review, Feb., 1904.

13. Vickers, E. H.: The Eastern Crisis and Its Origin, The Nation, Feb., 1904.

HISTORIES

1. Rose, J. Holland: Development of European Nations (Vol. I, Ch. I), (Vol. I, Chs. VII-IX). On Balkan situation and RussoTurkish War, Putnam's, New York, 1905.

2. Seignobos: Political History of Europe Since 1814. (McVane translation.) Henry Holt & Co., 1899.

3. The Balkan Question: Ed. by Luigi Villari (Published by John Murray, London, 1905).

4. Cambridge Modern History, Vols. XI and XII.

5. Robinson and Beard: Development of Modern Europe, Vol. II. 6. Hazen, Chas. D.: Europe Since 1815. Henry Holt & Co., New York, 1910.

INDEX

а

Aaronsohn, "With the Turks in
Palestine," 126
Agidir, incident, 56
Algeciras, conference, 56
Alsace-Lorraine, recovery of,
motive of France, 37; Germany's
selfish motive concerning, 44; a
cause for war on part of the
French, 60, 67; Prussia's mon-
ster crime in 1871, 120; French
army concentrated, not expect-
ing German advance through
Belgium, 130; armistice terms,
154-5; Pope's proposal concern-
ing (p. 4), 166; President Wil-
son's statement concerning, 180
(point 6)

Allenby, General, captures Jeru-
salem, 144

Allepo, capture of, 150
Argonne, battle of, Americans in,
147, 149

Armistice, terms for Germany,
154-8; for Austria-Hungary,
152-4; for Bulgaria, 152; Tur-
key, 152

Assassination, of Franz-Ferdinand,
135

Austria-Hungary, fundamental
cause for war, 28; arch-enemy
of Italian freedom and unity,
36; revolution of her peoples
certain, 33; "Dreibund," 1881,
52; intervention in Russo-Turk-
ish war, 1878, 53; imperial de-
signs, 55, 56, 57; causes for war
in 1914, 63, 70; aggressions since
1900, 75, 78, 79; terms of armis-
tice (see Armistice above)

Bagdad, railway, 63, 70; city cap-
tured by Turks, 140; recaptured
by British, 144

Baker, Secretary, "The Nation in
Arms," 170

Baku, evacuated by Turks, 150
Balkan States, causes

for war,

1914-16, 61; troubled past, 76-8
Balkan Wars, 1912-13, causes of,
73

Bank, German Imperial, finances
Bolsheviki, 176

Bapaume, in Second battle of the
Somme, 142

Belgium, causes of war, 1914, 62;
invasion by Germany planned,
59, 192; armistice terms, 154;
Brand Whitlock's "Story of,"
125

Belgrade (Serbia), captured by
Austro-Bulgarian armies, 137
Berard, Victor, prophecy of War,
79

Bernhardi, General, principles, 72,
187-92; quotations from, 187-92
Bethmann-Hollweg, von, speech in
Reichstag, 189; resignation, 174
Bismarck, policies, 34-35; at Con-
gress of Berlin, 52-53-54

Bolsheviki, rise of, 143; effect on
Russian army, 143, 145; and on
Russia, 145, 176-7; danger of,

159

Boris, of Bulgaria, succeeds to
throne, 150; abdicates, 151
Boxer, uprising, 131-2
Brest-Litovsk, treaty, nature of,
of,
176-7; German violation
145

Breslau, German warship, enters
Dardanelles, 136; sunk by Brit-
ish, 148

Bryan, W. J., treaties, 48
Bryce, James, on the Balkan ques-
tion, 79, 80
Bosnia-Herzegovina,
26, 55-6

annexation,

Bulgaria, and Turkey, 76, and oth-
er Balkans, 53, 76-8; causes of
war, 64; Armistice terms, 152

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Economic wars, 31-2
Ecquador, 142

England, Causes of war in 1914,
60; causes of war with Boers, S.
Africa, 103-4; Opium War with
China, 31; England and Ireland,
44; colonial expansion, 32, Dv, 46;
Great Britain and the Triple Al-
liance, 53-4-5-6; Nature of Brit-
ish government, 26, 32, 34, 44,
46, 47, 60, 64-5; Great Britain
and the "League of Nations,"
194-5

European War, 1914, causes of,

58-64; background of, 51-7

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Finland, reference to, 45; and Bol-
sheviki, 145; German conquest
of, 148

Foch, General, in battle of Marne,
136, allied commander-in-chief,
142; in Italy, 144

Formosa, ceded to Japan, 84
France, confronted with danger of
war, 18, 26, 35, 37, 53, 56, 60, 66,
116-18; causes of war, 1914, 60;
causes of Franco-Prussian war,
115; military program, 59, 66;
treaty relation, 54-5, 59, 60; Ger-
man invasion, 61, 135; General
Bernhardi's statement concern-
ing, 192

Franz-Ferdinand, Archduke, assas-
sination, 59, 135

Frederick the Great, his principles
and wars, 47, 187; Bernhardi, a
German authority on these wars,
190

Gerard, Ambassador, book on Ger-
many, 126
Germany, causes of war, 1914, 63;
ultimatums, 39, 59; invasion of
Belgium, 34, 39, 59, 62, 66, 135,
154, 191-2; atrocities and policy
of frightfulness, 22, 34, 63 (mili-
tarism) 52-3, 60, 62, 64, 65, 69,
131-4, 170; starvation in con-
quered territory, 132-4

German ideals and political prac-
tices, 17-18, 27, 31, 34-6, 44, 46,
53, 55, 59, 63, 65, 66, 69-72, 131-
2; treaty obligations broken, 58,
60, 62, 66, 145-177; ("necessity
knows no law") 131, 191-2;
Propaganda in United States,
27, 69-71, 123, 125; progress in
industries, 66; in militarism, 27,
35, 66, 131, 186-7, 187-93
Goeben, enters Dardanelles, 136;
sunk by British, 148
Great Britain (see England)
Greece, causes of war, 1914, 61;

declaration of war, 142; strug-
gles for liberty and union of her
peoples, 49, 77

Guatemala, war on Germany, 142

Heligoland, Battle of, 136

Hershey, A. S., on Spanish-Ameri-

can War, 106; on Russo-Japan-
ese War, 81-83, 88
Hindenburg, Gen. von, stops Rus-
sian advance, 136; drive in Po-
land, 137

"Hindenburg Line," 142
Hindus, 45

Holy Alliance, 51

Hoover, Herbert, and U. S. food
administration (testify to starva-
tion by Germans) 133-4
Hungary, revolution of 1848, 49;
freedom, 49

Huns, reason for name, 131-2
India, 44

Italy, war with Turkey, 68, 73, 80;
causes of war, 1914, 61; Italian
unity and nationality, 35, 37, 45,
52, 67-8; Declares war on Aus-
tria, 137; on Germany, 139; in-
terest in Adriatic and Balkans,
61, 79; Great victory in close of
war, 149-50

Jameson Raid, 97, 100

Japan, causes of Russo-Japanese

war, 81, 90; causes of war, 1914,
62; war with China, 83, 84; in
Korea, 82-4-7, 88-9-90; in Man-
churia, 83, 86, 87-89, 90; Ger-
man proposals to, 69, 123
Jerusalem, captured by British,
144

Jutland, battle of, 140

Kaiser, the German, claims to di-
vine right, 27, 124; speeches and
character of rule, 27, 48, 56-7,
59, 60, 63, 65, 131; threats to
peace of Europe, 55-7, 128-30;
visits to Turkey, and responsibil-
ity for Turkish massacres, 57,
65; abdication, 152

Karl, Emperor, leaves Austria,

151

Kemmel, Mt., captured by Ger-
mans, 146

Korea (see Japan)
Kossuth, 49

Kruger, Paul, in S. Africa, 99-
100

League of Nations, a discussion,
186-201; German attitude, 187-
93

League of Nations ("to enforce
peace") 49, 76, 162, 164-5, 178,
180, 184

League Covenant, text of February
draft, 202-214; final draft, 244-
261

Lens, coal city, siege by British,
137, 142; evacuated, 149

Liberia, declares war on Germany,
174

Lille, evacuated by Germans, 149
Lloyd-George, answer to German
peace proposal, 171

Lodge, Henry Cabot, on Spanish-
American war, 107, 112

Mackensen, Gen. von, expels Rus-
sians, 136; in Roumania, 139
Mahan, Capt., on Spanish-Ameri-
can war, 112

Marne, first battle of, 59, 130, 136;
second battle of, 146-9
Messines Ridge, 142, 146
Mexico, German intrigues in, 69,

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Prussia, and Bismarck, 35; Triple
Alliance, 52; War with France,
115-20; militarism, 35, 168 (war
lords), 193

Quotations, from Pres. Wilson's
Flag Day Address, 68-72; from
Jan. 22, 1917 speech, 162-4; Re-
ply to Pope, 166; "Four points"
from July 4, 1918 speech, 177-
178; "five points" from Sept. 27,
1918 speech, 179; from German
leaders on war, and arbitration,
187-92

Red Cross, hospitals fired upon by
Germans, 132

Religion, wars of, 23, 29
Rheims, shelling by Germans, 132
(cathedral); German attack in
Rheims salient, 146; French and
Americans wipe out salient, 147
Roulers, recaptured by Belgians,
149

Roumania, historical sketch, 76-8;
declares war on, 139; Germany,
Turkey, Bulgaria declare war
on, 139; overrun by armies of
Central Powers, 139

Russia, member of Triple Entente,

54-5; Crimean War, 75-6; war
with Turkey, 1878, 76; and Con-
gress of Berlin, 53, 76-7, and
Constantinople, 28, 61, 67; access
denied to Mediterranean, 76;
causes of war in 1914, 61;
causes of Russo-Japanese war,
81, 90; revolution, and overthrow
of Czar, 11, 17, 28, 174, 143
Russo-Japanese War, causes of
(see Russia above)

Selective Service Draft, in U S.,
141

Serbia, causes of war, 1914, 61;
historical sketch, 75, 77-8; Aus-
tria declares war upon, 135; re-
sists Austrians, 135; crushed by
Austro-Bulgarian invasion, 137;
nucleus of new Jugo-Slav state,
78

Spain, negotiations with U. S. over
Cuba, 106; revolution in, 110-36;
Moroccan crisis, 56; war with

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U. S., 1898 (causes), 113-14
Spanish-American War, causes of,
113-14; Chadwick on, 105-6;
Lodge on, 107, 112; Capt. Ma-
han on, 112

Tannenburg, battle of, 136; junker,
193

Tariff, protective, 43, 183-4
Turkey, character of government,
33, 183; war with Italy, 80; First
Balkan war, 74; Crimean War,
76; with Russia, 1878, 76; causes
of war, 1914, 63; in thrall of
Germany, 65, 70; declares war
on Russia, 135; Great Britain
and France declare war on, 135;
declares war on Roumania, 139;
armistice terms, 152; fortifica-
tions at Dardanelles, 138

United States, interest in Cuba,
107-9, 114; causes of war, 1914,
64, 68-72, 122-3; part in League
of Nations, 196-8; importance of
entry into World War, 17; Ger-
man hatred toward, 36; greatest
contribution to the world, 39;
military program in 1917, 141
Uruguay, 142

Valenciennes, capture of, 149
Venezuela, Roosevelt and
Kaiser, 122

the

Verdun, first battle of, 140; French
counter-stroke at, 140; second
counter-thrust by French, 143
Versailles, congress of, 51; Pres.
Wilson at, 182

Vienna, Congress of, 51; responsi-
bility for this war, 51

War, an instinct, 29-30; classifica-
tion of causes, 23-4; funda-
mental causes, 31-9; pretexts
and excuses, 28, 35, 40, 41, 43-4,
45; Austrian and German pre-
texts, 59-60; nature and func-
tion of, 22; causes of World
War, 58-64; outline for study of,
in U. S. A., 135-59; immediate
causes for U. S., and fundamen-
tal (outline), 121-27,
First year of, 135

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