tlers so circumstanced. He now owns 340 acres, which he has secured by industry and careful management. The greater portion of his land abounds in a good grade of coal. In 1851 Miss Elizabeth Warner, a native of Virginia, became his wife. They have six children: John, Harriet, Nancy, Demeretta, D. and Carrie.

POPE, DANIEL-Farmer and stock-raiser, Sec. 4, P. O. Knoxville. Was born in the county of Sangamon, Illinois, April 18, 1828. His parents were John and Margaret, natives of Kentucky, and early settlers of Illinois. In 1848 the family removed to Iowa, locating in Jefferson county, from whence, after a residence of one year, came to Marion county. Mr. John Pope died September 7, 1879, and Mrs. Pope in 1873. Thus passed away two of the pioneers who took an active part in the opening and developing of the county. The subject of the sketch was married May 16, 1853, to Miss Mary Jane Adams, a native of Fayette county, Ohio, daughter of Charles and Maria Adams. By the union they have five children: Charley Wesley, O. Kella, Margaret J. A., Samantha and James. In August, 1862, he enlisted in company G, Fortieth Iowa volunteer infantry; was honorably discharged in the autumn of 1865. His farm consists of 120 acres, and he makes a speciality of stock-raising, and does a trade in that line that will compare with any in the neighborhood. Mr. Pope is closely identified with the growth and prosperity of the township and is numbered among its live and substantial agriculturists.

R ANKIN, W. J.-Farmer and stock-raiser, Sec. 35, P. O. Attica. Was

born in Harrison county, Indiana, June 3, 1832. His father was Abraham and his mother, Mary. W. J. was raised to manhood in Harrison county, receiving the benefits of the common schools-the educational advantages in those days were very limited. His early life was that of a farmer. In 1854 came to Marion county. He was married, May 26, 1859, to Miss Emeline Hammond, daughter of Jacob Hammond, one of the pioneers of Clay township. By this union they have a family of four children: Mary E., H. H., W. W. and Ollie Celeste. During his sojourn in the county he has been closely identified with the educational interests of his district, and all enterprises for the advancement of the public good. His landed estate consists of 370 acres. His home is pleasantly situated on a homestead of 160 acres and indicates comfort and prosperity. Mr. Rankin has by husbanding his resources placed himself among the substantial farmers of the county and is a fair illustration of what can be accomplished when there is a will to execute.

REED, JNO.-Dealer in general merchandise and one of Marion county's successful merchants. Is a native of Iowa. Was born in Van Buren county, on the eighth day of March, 1849, and raised a farmer. In response to President Lincoln's call for troops to assist in putting down the rebellion of the South, he enlisted in company E, Eighth Iowa infantry, in 1861, as a private, and passed through the various grades of promotion; was mustered out as first lieutenant in June, 1866. He was taken prisoner at Shiloh, and after being held for two months was paroled. After his return from the army he commenced his mercantile experience and his standing as a business man may be inferred from the success which has attended his career. He has secured a good patronage by building a reputation for honesty, integrity and fair dealing, and his influence is always on the side of morality and right. He was married in August, 1868, to Miss Mina Collins, daughter

of A. W. Collins, Esq., who was born in Ohio. Their family consists of three children: Freddie A., William C. and Emerson G.

REHKOPF BROS. & Co.-Carriage and wagon manufacturers. Among the more recent established business enterprises of Knoxville is the manufactory of the firm whose name heads this sketch, and they are deserving of special notice. The firm is well known through central Iowa for the qual ity of their manufactures. They are thoroughly practical men and give at tention to the most minute details and are thorough and practical workmen, and masters of their trade. They guarantee work as represented, making it an object for the residents of Marion county to purchase at home rather than buying inferior work of parties who have nothing to lose. I. H. Rehkopf, who has the supervision of the work here, was born in Memphis, Tennessee, February 28, 1851, and came to Iowa with his par ents while quite young and settled in Sigourney, Keokuk county. He learned the trade of blacksmith in Washington, this State, and then went to Chicago. He returned to Sigourney and formed a partnership with his brother, under the name of Rehkopf Bros., and still has an interest at this place. This work is all done under one roof, and everything completed under their own supervision. He married Miss Edith Neas on the first of October, 1878. She was born in Ohio.

REYNOLDS, JAMES-Fariner and stock-raiser, Secs. 30 and 31, P. 0. Knoxville. Was born in Franklin county, Pennsylvania, August 17, 1811. Is the son of James and Jane Reynolds. They were natives of Ireland and came to America when quite young. James passed his youthful days in his native county, receiving the benefits of its educational facilities. His mother died when he was in his seventeenth year. In 1828 the family emigrated to Ripley, Brown county, Ohio, where he attended college for three years. In 1831 he shipped as clerk on a packet, plying between Cincinnati and Louisville. In 1833 he embarked in a general merchandise business in Ripley, which he followed until 1849, when he became the senior member of the banking firm of J. Reynolds & Co., which house was well known in commercial circles until 1876. He was also one of the incorporators of a branch of the Ohio State Bank. He was heavily interested in real estate in Ripley. The crash of 1873 which caused the memorable depreciation of real estate proved very disastrous to Mr. R., and in 1877 he emigrated to Marion county, where he has since been engaged in farming. During his business career in Ripley, he was one of the incorporators and principal stockholder in the gas works, and figured conspicuously in various other public enterprises. In 1859 he discovered a process of preventing fermentation in grape wine, for church use and culinary purposes. He sold the right of the United States, reserving Iowa. It has proved very beneficial to mankind and Mr. R. has been compensated handsomely for his discovery. In March, 1838, he married Miss E. Pigman, daughter of Joshua and Nackey (nee Penn). The latter is a lineal descendant of William Penn. Mrs. R. is a native of Ohio. They have had eight children: James was a soldier in the Seventh Ohio and died in Knoxville, Marion county. He was a Royal Arch Mason and Odd Fellow, and a member of the Knights of Pythias and was buried with honors by these orders), Sarah Belle (wife of H. J. Stoubenrough), Ella (Mrs. McConehay), Fannie (Mrs. Piceral), William P. (formerly publisher of the Ohio Valley Times, Ripley), Cora, Hanson, Eva. Mrs. R. is a lady of refined culture and devotes a portion of her time, aside from household affairs, to the flo

ral department, of which she makes a specialty, and has a tasteful and choice collection. Mr. Reynold's estate consists of 132 acres, on which is situated a residence that is a model of neatness on the exterior and its interior is furnished elaborately, one of its greatest home attractions being one the finest libraries in the county.

RICHARDSON, NATHANIEL H.-Was born in Muskingum county, Ohio, April 12, 1827. He was there raised until he attained his eighth year, when he removed with his parents to Peoria, Illinois, where, after a residence of four years, the family came to Jefferson county, Iowa. Resided for a time in Lee and Van Buren counties and came to Marion in 1849. In 1848 married Miss Mary Todd. They have three children: George, Ella, Belle (Mrs. Turner). His father, Nathaniel, died April 11, 1873; his mother, Nancy, January 31, 1870. The subject of this sketch enlisted in 1862 in company A, Thirty-third Iowa volunteers, and was captured at the battle of Mark's Mill, and for ten months was in the rebel prison at Camp Ford, Texas. He was honorably discharged at the close of the war. Mr. R. is now an invalid from a disease contracted while in the service. RIDLEN, CALVIN C.-Farmer, Sec. 17, P. O. Knoxville. Was born in Shelby county, Indiana, November 13, 1839. In the spring of 1845, in company with his parents, emigrated to Iowa locating in the vicinity of the present site of the village of Tracy. In the year 1848 his father moved to Knoxville, where the family lived till 1855 when they moved on the farm now occupied by Calvin's father, Capt. Ridlen, three miles southeast of Knoxville. C. C. in the fall of 1872 moved to Nebraska, where he resided for three years, and then returned to this county, locating on the farm he now occupies. Has a good farm well-improved, and what is more he has secured by an upright and honest course in life the esteem and respect of the community in which he resides. He enlisted September 16, 1861, in company K, Sixteenth Indiana volunteer infantry; served nine months; was mustered out May 13, 1862. Re-enlisted July 25, 1862, in company F, Fortieth Iowa volunteer infantry, was mustered out May 1, 1865. Was married November 15, 1866, to Nancy Thomson, in Putnam county, Indiana, June 26, 1843. Have seven children: Sarah E., Garrison W., William Thomas, Charles H., James F., Clarence L. and Clara B.

RIDLEN, CAPT. E. W.-Farmer and stock-raiser, Sec. 21, P. O. Knoxville. Was born in Clermont, Ohio, July 3, 1813. His father, Timothy Ridlen, was an agriculturist. When the subject of this sketch was quite young removed with his family to Indiana, where E. W. made his home until 1852. His grandfather, Abraham Ridlen, was one of the early settlers of Maine, and a soldier in the Revolutionary War, and his father and four uncles were soldiers in the War of 1812. The family traces its ancestry to Scotch lineage. E. W.'s educational facilities were very limited, receiving simply the benefits of the common schools. In 1849 he came to Marion county. As a soldier, Capt. Ridlen is among the foremost; enlisted in June, 1846, in the Third Indiana volunteers, and was on active duty in the Mexican War until July, 1847, when he was honorably discharged. His three brothers, Samuel, Joseph and John, were also soldiers in the Mexican War. In August, 1862, Capt. Ridlen organized company F, in Marion county, of the Forteith Iowa volunteer infantry. His company was at the Siege of Vicksburg, Little Rock and other engagements. He was honorably mustered out in August, 1865. He has been married three times; his first wife was Miss S. Crosby, of Indiana, they were married in 1834. By this

union he has four children: Rebecca Jane, Calvin C., Timothy and Sarah Ellen. Mrs. Ridlen died in 1873. In 1874 he was married to S. Mathews; she bore him one son, John W.; she died December 31, 1875. In 1878 Mrs. Nancy J. Gallaway, of Page county, Iowa, became his wife. The result of this union is one son, Erastus Walter. His real estate consists of 339 acres. He is closely identified with the Methodist Church, and is among its liberal patrons and supporters.

RINEHART, C.--City marshal-Was born in Berks county, Pennsyl vania, April 2, 1849, and is the son of Gideon and Eliza. They were both natives of that State. When our subject was in his third year, the family removed to Wayne county, Ohio, where they resided one year, thence removed to Medina county. In 1853 they removed to Summit county where he was virtually raised to manhood, receiving the benefits of the common schools. In 1868 Miss Clara Metz, daughter of Jacob and Anna Metz, of Pennsylvania, became his wife. By this union they have three children: Alice, Pierce Edgar and Nellie. In 1866 the State of Iowa attracted his attention and that year he came to Marion county, locating at Marysville, where he engaged in milling. In 1872 he removed to Fairfield, where he engaged in similar pursuits until 1875, when he returned to the county, locating in Knoxville, and for a time followed his profession of milling. 1879 he was elected to the city marshalship, the duties of which office he has been fulfilling creditably to himself and to the satisfaction of his constit. uents. He traces his lineage to German and Scotch ancestry. Is a member of the A. O. U. W.

In

RIZOR, A.-Farmer and stock-raiser, Sec. 23, P. O. Knoxville. The subject of this sketch was born in Harrison county, Ohio, March 4, 1817. where he resided until he attained the age of nine years, when he removed with his father, A. Rizor, to Holmes county, where he resided until 1852. Came to Iowa, locating in Warren county, where he resided until the following spring, and removed to Marion county, where he has since resided. He was married in March, 1842, to Miss Margaret Ann Jordan, of Ohio. By this union they have had seven children, four of whom are living: Mary Elizabeth (deceased), Elizabeth (deceased), Sarah Jane (deceased), Raphael, Mary, Josiah, David Chester. Mr. Rizor's farm consists of 137 acres, seventeen of which are timber. He has a fine orchard; his home is pleasantly situated and indicates comfort and prosperity. Has taken an active part in the advancement of the educational interests of his district. Himself and family are closely identified with the Lutheran Church of Knoxville, and are among its liberal patrons and supporters.

ROBERTS, VIRGIL-Farmer and stock-raiser, Sec. 36, P. O. Attica. Was born in Orange county, Indiana, March 1, 1828, and is the son of Jesse and Nancy Roberts, and traces his ancestry to Scotch and German lineage. When only five months of age was deprived of the care of his father by death. His mother married a second husband, by whom he was raised until he attained his majority. His early life was that of a farmer boy. In 1848 came to Marion county and settled where he now resides. His landed estate at this time comprises 587 acres, and he is one of the large stock-raisers and most prosperous farmers of the county. He has been twice married. First, to Miss Jane Carlisle, April 26, 1851. She was born in Indiana; she died February 17, 1872, leaving three children: Jesse, Nancy (now Mrs. Maddy), and Virgil, Jr. His second marriage occurred August 3, 1872, to Miss Minerva Finarty, daughter of Joseph

and Elizabeth Finarty, a pioneer of this county. Their family, by this marriage, consists of four children: Anna E., Mary A., Samuel A. and James Albert. His convictions of religion are strong, and he has always manifested a lively interest in its administration. An episode transpired at the time of his wife's death which is indelibly impressed upon his memory. While offering up prayers for her recovery, he says: "I saw in a vision two angels, one at the head and the other at the foot of the bed, and the following conversation took place between them: Why not,' said one, release the spirit.' The answer was, I cannot while he is pleading to the Lord."" At that moment Mr. Roberts turned his head and saw Christ seated by her, and he exclaimed, "Lord, I resign all to thy care," and in about one hour the spirit of Mrs. Roberts was wafted to the spirit land.

ROBINSON, C. H.-Attorney. Was born in Guernsey county, Ohio, February 3, 1843, and raised in this and the adjoining county. His youth was occupied in acquiring an education, and for some years was engaged in teaching. He enlisted in the late war, first for three months, in the Eightysixth Ohio infantry, and afterward re-enlisted in the One Hundred and Twenty-ninth infantry, and was discharged to accept a commission as second lieutenant in the One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Illinois. After his return. from the army he went to Illinois and taught school. In 1869 he came to this county, and in 1873 was elected county auditor, and in 1875 was re-elected his own successor, and again in 1877. Having made choice of the practice of law as a profession, he read with Stone & Ayres, with whom he is now associated, and was admitted to the bar in 1879. He married Miss Helen Mathews in 1874; she was born in Coshocton county, Ohio. They have one daughter: Gertie.

ROBINSON, JOHN-Farmer and stock-raiser, Sec. 18, P. O. Knoxville. Was born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, January 7, 1816, and is the son of Henry and Jane (nee McFerne). The family removed to Guernsey county, Ohio, when John was in his third year, where he was raised to manhood and educated. At the age of fourteen years he apprenticed himself to the blacksmith trade in Washington, Pennsylvania, where he resided five years, when he removed to Coshocton county, Ohio, where he resided twenty years. For a time he followed blacksmithing, and. hotel keeping, and for three years was superintendent of the county house; also for a time engaged in the grocery trade. For four years he was engaged in the Candle Coal Oil Works near Coshocton, but as soon as the oil wells were discovered, it broke up this branch of industry, and as a result Mr. R. suffered considerable of a loss. At the outbreak of the war he took an active part in raising a company in his county, but when complete, on account of disability, he was unable to go in the service. In 1863 he came to Marion county and engaged in farming in Knoxville township. In 1866 he took charge of the county house and farm, and superintended the same for two years. In 1870 he again became its manager, in which capacity he acted the latter time, four years. Since 1874 he has been engaged in farming and stock-raising. He has also attained some celebrity as an auctioneer, and in this line does considerable business. He was married August 18, 1840, to Miss Jennette Miller, of Ohio. They have a family of seven children living: James M., Nancy B. (now Mrs. Gasson), Elizabeth (now Mrs. Kerr), Cynthia A., John S., William O., Charles M. The Robinsons may