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bers of the Soviets have become Communists during the time of their membership in the Soviet. Exact figures on this point will be published after a more detailed study of the material.

STATISTICS ON ELECTIONS

[Petrograd Pravda, January 3, 1920]

In the first City Ward the final figures have been collated for the recent elections to the Petrograd Soviet. In the Ward were held in all 132 meetings for 71,402 voters, of whom 35,588 were present. Two hundred and seventy-five deputies were elected from the Ward, of whom 242 were communists, 29 non-party, and 4 sympathizers.

From Red Army detachments 63 meetings were held, with 14,980 present. There were elected to the Soviet 124 communists, 7 non-party, and I sympathizer.

From factory organizations there were 31 meetings, for 11,722 voters of whom 8,073 were present. They elected 43 communists and I sympathizer.

From Soviet institutions there were 36 meetings of 29,932 voters, of whom 10,535 were present; and there were elected 60 communists, 22 non-party and 2 sympathizers.

From the total number of deputies in the Petrograd Soviet 47 women were elected, of whom 41 were communists and 6 non-party.

7

CENTRAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, ELECTION AND FIRST SITTING [Izvestia, December 11, 1919]

Yesterday took place the first sitting of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, which was newly elected by the Seventh All-Russian Congress of Soviets. The sitting was purely business and lasted a very short time.

The Praesidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee was elected to consist of: Comrades Kalinin, Kamenev, Lutovinov, Badayev, Sapronov, Enukidze, Rykov, Nevsky, Bukharin, Kiselev, Muranov, Rakovsky. Candidates for these were elected: Comrades Tomsky, Avanesov, Sosnovsky, Vladimirsky, Kutuzov. As president of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee was elected M. Kalinin, and secretaries, Enukidze and Lutovinov. To the Mandate Commission: Comrades Maksimovsky, Kiselev, Kutuzov.

The Council of People's Commissary and the Soviet of Defense were confirmed in their present composition.

On the report of Comrades Kamenev and Schmidt the AllRussian Central Executive Committee decrees to combine the Commissariat of Labor with the Commissariat of Social Insurance. The reason for this union is to reduce the apparatus of Soviet institutions working in parallel lines. Comrade Schmidt spoke on certain details of work which required union. The proposal was confirmed unanimously. Comrade Schmidt is confirmed as Commissary of the United Commissariat of Labor and Social Insurance.

Comrade Kalinin reports that the Commander in Chief, S. S. Kamenev, has already received the preliminary reward, a sword of honor, and that now the All-Russian Central Executive Committee decrees to reward him with the Order of the Red Flag.

At the end of the sitting the periodic session of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee is fixed-the first day of the month every two months. The next session is set for February I, 1920.

After a series of suggestions, including the preliminary sending to members of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of material that is to be discussed, the sitting was declared closed.

LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE ALL-RUSSIAN CENTRAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE ELECTED BY THE SEVENTH ALL-RUSSIAN CONGRESS OF SOVIETS

1. Kalinin, M. I.

2. Lenin, N.

3. Trotsky, L. D.

4. Zinoviev, G. E.

5. Kamenev, L. B. 6. Krestinsky, N. N. 7. Bukharin, N. I. 8. Dzerzhinsky, F. G. 9. Stalin, I. I. 10. Rakovsky, H. G. II. Radek, K. B. 12. Muranov, M. K. 13. Serebrianov, L. P. 14. Tomsky, M. P.

15. Aptselovich, I. M.
16. Kiselev, A. S.

17. Podbelsky, V. N.
18. Ulianova, N. K.
19. Maksimov, K. G.
20. Chubar
21. Nogin, V. P.
22. Krylenko, N. V.
23. Sergeev (Artem)
24. Smidovich, P. G.
25. Schlyapnikov
26. Stasova, E. D.
27. Ivanov, N. I.
28. Miasnikov, A. F.

29. Rykov, A. I.

30. Vladimirsky, M. F.
31. Evdokimov, G. E.
32. Enukidze, A. S.
33. Krasin, L.
34. Kursky, D. K.
35. Petrovsky, G. I.
36. Sosnovsky, L. S.

37. Sapronov, T. V.
38. Chicherin, G. V.
39. Maksimovsky, V. N.
40. Avanesov, V. A.
41. Nevsky, V. I.

42. Melnichansky, G. N. 43. Ryazanov, D. B. 44. Pokrovsky, M. N. 45. Schmidt, V. V. 46. Yaroslavsky, Em. 47. Lashevich, M. M. 48. Obolensky-Osinsky 49. Stuchko, V. I. 50. Smirnov, A. B.

51. Tsuriupa, A. V.

52. Beloborodov, A. G.
53. Lutovinov, M. A.
54. Kozyrev

55. Samashko, N. A.
56. Sereda, S. P.
57. Kollontai, A. M.

58. Tsiterovich, G. V.

59. Kutuzov, I. I.

60. Sharov

61. Steklov, Yu. M. 62. Piatnitsky, N. A. 63. Anin, I. A. 64. Eliava, Sh. Kh. 65. Ignatov, E. N. 66. Smilga, I. P. 67. Miliutin, V. P. 68. Kossior, D. V. 69. Larin, M. A. 70. Ishchenkre 71. Medvedev, V. P. 72. Yurov, A. Ya. 73. Znamensky 74. Avilov-Glebov 75. Badaev, M. E. 76. Pestkovsky, S. S. 77. Said-Galiev Sahib Girey 78. Vasiliev 79. Razin

80. Klinger

81. Miasnikov, G.
82. Borixov (Danilenko)
83. Onkov
84. Sulkovsky
85. Pankov

86. Vasiliev
87. Lunacharsky
88. Raskolchin
89. Muralov

And so on through 192, the names being given without initial and not including any well-known names.

1. Kapsukas-Mitskovich

2. Smirnov

3. Berzin-Vinter

4. Bokin

5. Manuilsky

CANDIDATES

6. Podvoisky

7. Baranov

8. Novgorodtseva

9. Peters

10. Lovanov

[blocks in formation]

FIRST SESSION of new Petrograd Soviet, December 31, 1919 [Krasnaya Gazeta, January 1, 1920]

At 7 p. m. at the table of the Praesidium, which was decorated with a Red flag presented by the All-Russian Congress of Soviets appeared Comrades Zinoviev, Zorin and Evdokimov. The powerful sounds of the "International" which was rendered simultaneously by the orchestra of the theater, by a military orchestra, and by the choir of the theater filled the hall.

"In the name of the Executive Committee of the Petrograd Soviet of the former session," says Comrade Zinoviev, "I declare the sitting of the new Soviet, of the fifth session, opened."

"We can not give exact figures on the composition of new Soviet. But approximately it will consist of 1,885 members, of whom 1,539 are Communists, 6 candidates for communists, 62 sympathizers with communists, 252 non-party members, I Revolutionary Communist, I Left-Internationalist, 2 Mensheviks, 2 United Workmen Party, and 10 Socialist-Revolutionaries of the Minority. This is the composition of the new Soviet.

"The present sitting must begin with the election of the Executive Committee and of the Praesidium of the Petrograd Soviet. For declaration from party fractions, I give the Tribune to Comrade Zorin."

Comrade Zorin reads the list of members of the Executive Committee proposed by the fraction of Communists. In this list are included the following: Zinoviev, Antsielovich, Moiseev, Evdokimov, Zorin, Sergeev, Badaev, Ivanov, Bitker, Torgulov, Gakharin, Ravich, Zelikson, Pervukhin, Zofkothakov, Joffe,

Lashevich, Sadovskaya, Itkina, Tsyperovich, Shipilo, Sharov, Nikolaev, Muravkin, Kuklin, Eliseev, Aminitsky, Samoilovich, Vasiliev, Osipov, Ilim, Vilgelmson, Teslani, Ogorodnikov, Vilisov, and Zanko. To the Praesidium of the Executive Committee the fraction proposes to elect: As president of the Soviet, Comrade Zinoviev, as members of the Praesidium, Comrades Antseielovich, Moiseev, Evdokimov, Zorin, Sergeev, Badaev.

Both lists are adopted unanimously. Then Comrade Zinoviev reads a telegram just received announcing the capture of Ekaterinoslav by the Red Army. The news is received with loud applause and enthusiastic shouts, "Long live the Red Army," "Long live Comrade Trotsky."

Then Comrade Zinoviev makes his report (gives outline of five previous Soviets and concludes):

"Our friends say that we are not sufficiently democratic. But take France where under universal suffrage with a population of forty million only six and one-half million take part in elections, while with us one-half of the population takes part in elections. With us it is the toiler who elects, while with them it is the bourgeois, the speculator and the rich, while workmen take very little part in their elections.

"As we look back we shall see by the example of our Soviet how the influence of the communist party grows constantly with the victories on the battle ships and in the military divisions. We have attained 82 per cent. We have in the Soviet 252 nonparty members. The greater portion of these were elected on lists of Communists and we welcome them. How many of the 300 non-party members in the last Soviet came out of that Soviet non-party? Not more than 30."

9

"AFTER THE Congress" (SEVENTH CONGRESS OF SOVIETS)

[Leading Article, by Steklov, Izvestia, December 11, 1919]

The seventh Congress of Soviets is over, and now the delegates are returning to their homes to carry out its decisions.

The last Congress differed from its predecessors in the oneness of its composition.

It was almost exclusively Communist. This time even from the opposition we hardly heard the usual complaints of violence practiced at elections. Even our opponents, evidently, have understood that the overwhelming predominance of Communists,

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