with his successful operation for stone in the bladder long before the operations of Bigelow and Warren, of Boston, were known to the medical world. The successful practice of Dr. Banks had become so common as to lose the novelty of discovery before these men from the far east heralded to the world their successful feats. Worthily associated with Dr. Banks in the enumeration of celebrities is Dr. Anthony, of Savannah, who enjoys the distinction of being the world's pioneer in the surgery of the lung. Not less. honored than these is Dr. Henry F. Campbell, of Augusta, who is famous as the discoverer of the excito-secretory system of nerves, and the genupectoral position for replacement of the uterus. Another honored son of Augusta was Dr. L. A. Dugas who formulated the unique plan for diagnosing dislocation of the shoulder-joint, a plan which has never, to this day, been improved upon. He was also an enthusiastic advocate of laparotomy for gunshot wounds: of the abdomen, as is well shown by a paper read by him in Philadelphia in 1876, just at the time when Mr. Lister was making his wonderful discoveries in the use of antiseptics in surgery, and to-day it is the only approved treatment endorsed by the best surgeons of the world.

Perhaps the most distinguished in the galaxy of Georgia celebrities in the profession of medicine was Dr. Crawford W. Long, of Athens, who discovered the use of ether as an anesthetic as early as 1842. Efforts have been made. to deprive Dr. Long of this distinction, but they will prove unavailing, and justly so.

In the eastern end of the Union pompous and pretentiousclaims have been set up by certain medical monopolists in favor of Morton as the discoverer of ether as an anesthetic. Assuming to the oracular in their utterances, these dictatorial claimants would disregard the fact that Long antedated Morton four years in this discovery, and they base

the merit of this important discovery upon the single fact that Morton was the first to publish the discovery to the world. And yet when a similar case is presented as between Dr. Williams, of Texas, and formerly of Georgia, and Dr. Jewett, of Brooklyn, N. Y., in the claim for the first symphysiotomy, the award is accorded to Dr. Williams notwithstanding the fact that Dr. Jewett first published to the American public a successful operation in symphysiotomy.

There is no hesitation on the part of the late R. P. Harris, of Philadelphia, in a careful statistical research to accord to Dr. Williams, of Texas, that which has been claimed by Dr. Jewett of Brooklyn. Now if the honor be withheld from Dr. Jewett, even though he first published his operation to the world, why seek to rob Long of the honor that has made his name world-wide and place the palm upon the brow of Morton?

When, as governor of Georgia, Alex. H. Stephens was asked to name two of the greatest Georgians whose portraits might hang in the national gallery, he selected those of Oglethorpe and Long, and to-day these portraits hang in the national gallery, as well as in the capitol of our own

state.

The honor of discovery is accorded to Long by Dr. W. W. Keene, of Philadelphia, in the American Textbook of Surgery. He is supported by Roswell Park, of Buffalo, N. Y., in his History of Medicine published in 1897. Foy, an English physician, also supports the same view in his work on Anesthesia and Anesthetics.

The fact that Morton sought to obtain a patent for the drug after it had been successfully used in the Massachusetts General Hospital certainly reflects no credit upon him as a medicinal philanthropist.

I should be recreant to my duty, in this connection,

should I fail to name with becoming emphasis Dr. Starr of Nacoochee Valley. Isolated, in a comparatively obscure region, remote from competent co-operators and in the absence of any prescribed rules or precedents, Starr performed the operation of suprapubic cystotomy (or what should be called McGuire's operation), and that, too, long before the dawn of aseptic or antiseptic surgery. All honor to such a man who, guided by the star of his own genius, performed this operation under no other auspices than those of his own clear judgment and native common sense.

Coming to a later period, I desire to give great prominence to Dr. Willis F. Westmoreland, late of Atlanta. He was one of our pioneer surgeons, but his fame does not repose upon that fact alone; he was a brilliant operator and a progressive surgeon at a period when surgery was largely experimental and cautiously making its slow strides. He is altogether worthy of distinguished enrollment among the medical celebrities of Georgia, for no man did more than he to develop and expand the usefulness and power of our cherished profession. More than we are aware, perhaps, the superior surgery of to-day in our own State is traceable largely to Dr. Westmoreland.

When I come to speak of Dr. Battey of Rome, of his skill, his achievements, his mitigation of the ills of the gentler sex; of his broad philanthropy, his heroic nerve, and his scientific aspirations and progress, I feel incompetent to present, with becoming worthiness, the claims of one so eminent. Dr. Battey's professional skill found expression in normal ovariotomy until abdominal surgery came into vogue, when he turned his attention to this line of surgery. He moved worthily in the procession of Thomas, Sims, Emmett, Bozeman, and others of New York, and of Goodell of Philadelphia. He justly ranked with the giant intellects of the profession in the eastern

quarter of the United States. Dr. Battey's name is worthy to be woven in the "flower-crowned annals of song." A noble benefactor, a generous spirit, a broad-minded citizen, an eminent physician, he is worthy of a loftier eulogium than I can pronounce.

The story is told of a wealthy youth in ancient Rome, who had suffered from dangerous illness. On recovering his health his heart was so filled with gratitude that he exclaimed, "O, thou all-sufficient Creator, could man recompense thee, how willingly would I give thee all my pos.sessions!"

Hermos, the herdsman, learned of this and said to the rich young man: "All good gifts come from above; thither thou canst send nothing. Come, follow me." He directed him to a hut where there was nothing but wretchedness. The father lay on a bed of sickness, the mother wept, the children were destitute of clothing and were crying for bread.

Hermos said, "See here an altar for sacrifice; see here the Lord's brethren and representatives.

The youth assisted them bountifully, and the poor people called him an angel of God. Hermos smiled and said, "Thus turn always thy grateful countenance, first to heaven and then to earth."

Into thousands of hearts did Dr. Battey pour the oil of joy and gladness. His splendid gifts were devoted to the well-being of his generation.

Thus, have I, in a very imperfect way, hastily glanced at a few of our celebrities whose names adorn the annals of our profession in Georgia, but imperfect as my work has been, I trust that I have succeeded in indicating that our own beloved commonwealth has not been unworthily represented in all that is skillful, all that is progressive, and all that is noble in the medical profession.

CRAWFORD W. LONG AND HIS DISCOVERY.

BY LOUIS H. JONES, M.D., ATLANTA.

When your worthy president asked me to prepare a paper on Dr. Crawford W. Long's priority in the discovery of the anesthetic properties of ether, I consented the more readily for the reason that, as a young man, I knew Dr. Long intimately. He was my father's family physican, our families were neighbors and friends, and it affords me pleasure to honor his memory and so far as I may be able to lay before you such facts as, in my opinon, unquestionably prove the priority of his discovery. We doctors of to-day have grown so accustomed to the use of anesthetics that we do not often pause to consider how helpless we would be without them, and it is eminently fit and proper that we should at this our fiftieth anniversary do honor to him who fifty-seven years ago first made possible much of the brilliant surgery of to-day, and who just fifty years ago took part in the organization of this association.

Crawford W. Long was born in Danielsville, Madison County, Ga., November 1st, 1815. When quite young he entered Franklin College (now the University of Georgia), and was for a year a roommate of Alexander H. Stephens. He graduated at the age of nineteen, taking second honor in his class, the first being taken by Francis S. Bartow.

His father Jas. Long was a contemporary and intimate friend of that peerless statesman William H. Crawford, and it was for him that he named his son Crawford.

After leaving college Long studied medicine and grad