footman bring me a glass of wine, in a rough insulting manner, I should expect that in obeying me, he would contrive to spill some of it upon me; and I am sure I should deserve it. A cool steady resolu tion should show, that where you have a right to command, you will be obeyed; but at the same time, a gentleness in the manner of enforcing that obedience, should make it a cheerful one, and soften as much as possible, the mortifying consciousness of inferiority. If you are to ask a favour, or even to solicit your due, you must do it suavitèr in medo, or you will give those, who have a mind to refuse you either, a pretence to do it, by resenting the manner; but, on the other hand, you must, by a steady perseverance and decent tenaciouness, show the fortitèr in re. In short, this precept is the only way I know in the world, of being loved without being despised, and feared without being hated. It constitutes the dignity of character, which every wise man must endeavour to establish.

If therefore you find that you have a hastiness in your temper, which unguardedly breaks out into in. discreet sallies, or rough expressions, to either your superiors, your equals, or your inferiors, watch it narrowly, check it carefully, and call the suavitèr in modo to your assistance: at the first impulse of passion be silent, till you can be soft. Labour even to get the command of your countenance so well, that those emotions may not be read init: a most unspeakable advantage in business! On the other hand, let no complaisance, no gentleness of temper, no weak desire of pleasing on your part, no wheedling, coaxing, nor flattery, on other people's, make you recede one-jot from any point that reason and prudence have bid you pursue; but return to the charge, presist, persevere, and you will find most things attainable, that are possible. A yielding, timid meekness is always abused and insulted by the unjust and the unfeeling; but meekness, when sustained by the fortiter in re, is always respected, commonly successful.

In your friendships and connections, as well as in your enmities, this rule is particulary useful: det your firmness and vigour preserve and invite attachments to you; but at the same time, let your manner hin der the enemies of your friends and dependents from becoming yours: let your enemies be disarmed by the gentlenesss of your manner, but let them feel at the same time, the steadiness of your just resentment; for there is a great difference betweenbearing malice, which is always ungenerous, and a resolute self de fence, which is always prudent and justifiable.

I conclude with this observation, that gentleness of manners, with firmness of mind, is a short, but full description of human perfection, on this side of religious and moral duties.

LORD CHESTERFIELD..

CHAPTER VIII.

ON GOOD SENSE.

WERE I to explain what I understand by good sense, I should call it right reason; but right reason that arises, not from formal and logical deductions, but from a sort of intuitive faculty in the soul which distinguishes by immediate perception: a kind of innate sagacity, that in many of its proper. ties seems very much to resemble instinct. It would be improper, therefore, to say, that Sir Isaac Newton showed his good sense, by those amazing discoveries which he made in natural philosophy: the operations of this gift of heaven are rather instantaneous, than the result of any tedious process. Like Diomede, after Minerva had endued him with the power of discerning Gods from mortals, the man of good sense discovers at once the truth of those objects he is most concerned to distinguish : and conducts himself with suitable caution and security.

It is for this reason, possibly, that this quality of the mind is not so often found united with learning as I 3

one

'

one could wish for good sense being accustomed to receive her discoveries without labour or study, she cannot so easily wait for those truths, which being placed at a distance, and lying concealed under num. berless covers, require much pains and application to unfold.

But though good sense is not in the number, nor always, it must be owned, in the company of the sciences; yet is it (as the must sensible of poets has justly observed)

Fairly worth the seven.

Rectitude of understanding is indeed the most useful, as well as the most noble of human endow. ments, as it is the sovereign guide and director in every branch of civil and social intercourse.

Upon whatever occasion this enlightening faculty is exerted, it is always sure to act with distinguished eminence; but its chief and peculiar province seems to lie in the commerce of the world. Accordingly we may observe, that those who have conversed more. with men than with books; whose wisdom is derived rather from experience than contemplation; generally possess this happy talent with superior perfection. For good sense, though it cannot be acquired, may be improved; and the world, I believe, will ever be found to afford the most kindly soil for its cultivation. PRATT

CHAP. IX.

ON STUDY.

STUDIES serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. The chief use for delight is in pri vateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars one by one; but the general Counsels, and the plots, and marshalling of affairs, come best from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much

for

for ornament is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules is the humour of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience; for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study, and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men

contemn

studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them for they teach not their own use, but that is a wisdom without them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute, nor to believe and take for granted; not to find talk and discourse, but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested: that is, some books are to be read on ly in parts, others to be read but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that should be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books; else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things. Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writ ing an exact mán. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; it he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning to seem to know that he doth not.

BACON

00000

CHAP. X.

ON SATIRICAL WIT.

TRUST me, this unweary pleasantry of thine will sooner or later bring thee into scrapes, and dif ficulties, which no after wit can extricate nice out of. In these sallies, too oft, I see, it happens, that the person laughed at considers himself in the light of a person injured, with all the rights of such a situation belonging to him; and when thou viewest him in that light too, and reckonest

upon his friends, his family, his kindred and allies, and musterest up with them the many recruits which will list under him from a sense of common danger; 'tis no extravagant arithmetic to say, that for every ten jokes thou hast got a hundred enemies; and till thou hast gone on, and raised a swarm of wasps about thine ears and art half stung to death by them, thou wilt never be convinced it is so.

I cannot suspect it in the man whom I esteem, that there is the least spur from spleen or malevolence of intent in these sallies. I believe and know them to be truly honest and sportive: but consider that fools cannot distinguish this, and that knaves will not; and thou knowest not what it is, either to provoke the one, or to make merry with the other: whenever they associate for mutual detence, depend upon it, they will carry on the war in such a manner against thee, my dear friend, as to make thee hearti ly sick of it, and of thy life too.

Revenge from some baneful corner shall level a tale of dishonour at thee, which no innocence of heart or integrity of conduct shall set right. The fortunes of thy house shall totterthy character, which led the way to them, shall bleed on every side of it-thy faith questioned-thy works beliedthy wit forgotten-thy learning trampled on. To wind up the last scene of thy tragedy, CRUELTY and COWARDICE, win ruffians, hned and set on by MALICE in the dark, shall strike together at all thy infirmities and mistakes; the best of us, my friend, lie open there, and trust me-when to gratify a pri vate appetite, it is once resolved upon, that an innocent and a helpless creature shall be sacrificed, it is an easy matter to pick up sticks enough from any thicket where it has strayed, to make a fire to offer it up with.

STERNE: